A computer program was written in Visual Basic (Microsoft(R)) to calculate (a) the area between a plaque pH curve (as seen after a sucrose rinse) and either a resting pH (around pH 7) or a critical pH value (around 5....
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A computer program was written in Visual Basic (Microsoft(R)) to calculate (a) the area between a plaque pH curve (as seen after a sucrose rinse) and either a resting pH (around pH 7) or a critical pH value (around 5.5) above at least parts of the pH curve;(b) the solubility of apatite at the pH values in plaque;(c) the area between the plaque pH solubility curve and the apatite solubility at the resting pH/critical pH;(d) the area between plaque cH(+) curve and the cH(+) value at resting pH/ critical pH;and (e) the area between a plaque pH curve and a cut-off pH value below the curve, e.g. pH 3. It was found that because both the cH(+) and the solubility of apatite increased logarithmically with a pH drop, the two latter area functions (d, e) were basically different from those based directly on pH curves. Thus, pH changes around the resting pH value had little effect on areas calculated from concentrations of H+ and solubility. In contrast, a small pH change around pH 4 had a strong impact on both demineralization potential and areas based on cH(+). Also, because of the logarithmic nature, demineralization potentials were generally large in comparison to remineralization potentials, a point that has hilherto received little attention. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
A new computer program is described which calculates titers and antibody concentrations from ELISA data. Optical densities are measured in 96-well microtiter plates using an automated colorimeter and simultaneously fe...
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A new computer program is described which calculates titers and antibody concentrations from ELISA data. Optical densities are measured in 96-well microtiter plates using an automated colorimeter and simultaneously fed into a microcomputer. The data can then be arranged and printed in an 8 .times. 12 format corresponding to the format of a 96-well microtiter plate. The computer program can also compute the titers of samples if the samples are arranged and titrated in one of the suggested formats. In addition, the titers of unknown samples can be automatically compared with the titer of a standard to obtain concentrations. An ELISA designed to measure the concentration of murine antibodies to the cell wall polysaccharide extracted from Streptococcus pneumoniae was performed to document the use of the program.
Abstract This paper provides methods and a description of a Pascal computer program, thermocalc , for various thermodynamic calculations using the thermodynamic dataset presented in earlier papers in this series (Holl...
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Abstract This paper provides methods and a description of a Pascal computer program, thermocalc , for various thermodynamic calculations using the thermodynamic dataset presented in earlier papers in this series (Holland & Powell, 1985; Powell & Holland, 1985). The dataset involves uncertainties on the thermodynamic parameters and therefore allows uncertainties to be calculated on results, for example in geothermometry and geobarometry. Recommendations are made for the uncertainties on activities to be used in calculations on rocks, particular emphasis being placed on preventing underestimates of these uncertainties at small mole fractions. Apposite examples of phase diagram and rock calculations are presented with ouput from thermocalc , demonstrating the utility of the program. Of the rock calculations, the most valuable are considered to be those involving simultaneous combination ‘least squares’of calculated conditions for a set of reactions applicable to a rock. This set of reactions involves the independent reactions which can be written between the end-members in the minerals in a rock and in the thermodynamic dataset. In contrast to an approach based on specific geothermometers and geobarometers, this approach maximizes the benefit of having an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset. thermocalc is available in IBM PC and Mac versions, from Roger Powell for A$25 or Tim Holland for £10 per version.
The phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is a species complex that contains race 3 biovar 2 strains belonging to phylotype IIB sequevars 1 and 2 that are quarantined or select agent pathogens. Recently, the R. solanac...
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The phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is a species complex that contains race 3 biovar 2 strains belonging to phylotype IIB sequevars 1 and 2 that are quarantined or select agent pathogens. Recently, the R. solanacearum species complex strains have been reclassified into three genospecies: R. solanacearum, Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum and Ralstonia syzygii. An unidentified R. solanacearum strain is considered a select agent in the US until proven to be a non-race 3 biovar 2 (non-phylotype IIB sequevars 1&2). Currently, sequevars of R. solanacearum species complex strains can only be determined by phylogenetic analysis of a partial endoglucanase (egl) sequence of approximately 700-bp in length. Such analysis, however, requires expert knowledge to properly trim the sequence, to include the correct reference strains, and to interpret the results. By com-. paring GenBank egl sequences of representative R. solanacearum species-complex strains, we identified genospecies- and sequevar 1 and 2-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also designed primers to amplify a shorter, 526-bp, egl fragment from R. solanacearum species complex strains for easy sequencing of the amplicon, and to facilitate direct and specific amplification of egl from R. solanacearum-infected plant samples without the need of bacterial isolation. We wrote a computer program (Ralstonia solanacearum typing program) that analyzes a minimum 400-bp user-input egl sequence from a R. solanacearum strain for egl homology and SNP content to determine 1) whether it belongs to the R. solanacearum species complex, 2) if so, to which genospecies, and 3) whether it is of the sequevar type (sequevars 1 and 2) associated with the select agent/quarantined R. solanacearum strain. The program correctly typed all 371 tested egl sequences with known sequevars, obtained either from GenBank or through personal communication. Additionally, the program successfully typed 25 R. solanacearum strains in our collect
A method allowing the automatic exploitation of radioimmunoassay results is proposed. The standard curve is calculated according to 2 models;a linear model by Logit-Log transformation of data and another one using Fis...
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A method allowing the automatic exploitation of radioimmunoassay results is proposed. The standard curve is calculated according to 2 models;a linear model by Logit-Log transformation of data and another one using Fisher''s orthogonal polynomials. The computer programs are written in Fortran IV.
We propose a computer program allowing the automatic calculation of control charts for accuracy and precision. The calculated charts enable the analyst to control easily the daily results for a determined radioimmunoa...
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We propose a computer program allowing the automatic calculation of control charts for accuracy and precision. The calculated charts enable the analyst to control easily the daily results for a determined radioimmunoassay.
In order to predict curvature of DNA fragments, we previously developed a computer program for simply calculating a vectorial sum of all individual roll, tilt and twist wedge angles between the nearest base pairs for ...
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In order to predict curvature of DNA fragments, we previously developed a computer program for simply calculating a vectorial sum of all individual roll, tilt and twist wedge angles between the nearest base pairs for a given DNA fragment [Lee et al,, (1991)], Now a new program, called Z-curve, was developed to calculate three-dimensional coordinates of the helical center of each base pair along the DNA, using helical axis deviations from B-form DNA by wedge angles. The output file of the new program was designed to become an input file for a graphics program, Insight II. Thus, we were able to obtain three-dimensional graphic presentations of DNA helical axis curvatures of any length. It visualized spatial details of the DNA curvature, where and how much it curves, and to which direction, It also allowed calculation of the three-dimensional distance between two ends of a DNA fragment, which could provide a measure of its curvature, Here, three DNA fragments, both curved and straight, were subjected to the Z-curve and Insight II programs. The results showed that their curvature details could be visualized to the level of the base pair, whether the DNA fragments contained an oligo(A) track or not. Their estimated curvatures mere consistent with the experimental results of permutation gel mobility assay.
A computer program for the HP-41 series calculator is presented which predicts the rotor shaft horsepower required for tandem-rotor helicopters to a given set of helicopter parameters and flight conditions. Three simp...
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A computer program for the HP-41 series calculator is presented which predicts the rotor shaft horsepower required for tandem-rotor helicopters to a given set of helicopter parameters and flight conditions. Three simplified analytical methods of calculating the induced power for tandem-rotor helicopters were explored during the development of the program and their effect on the total shaft horsepower required was compared to actual test data. These comparisons as well as size and complexity considerations were used in selecting the best method to be used. The program can be used in preliminary design analysis and as an educational tool where only an estimate of the actual shaft horsepower is required.
A desktop computer program has been written to implement state-of-the-art algorithms for the determination the Most Probable Number (MPN), its confidence limits, and correction for bias. The program is flexible with r...
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A desktop computer program has been written to implement state-of-the-art algorithms for the determination the Most Probable Number (MPN), its confidence limits, and correction for bias. The program is flexible with regard to the number of tubes or the number and amounts of the dilutions used. Special attention has been paid to ease of use, especially when multiple MPN calculations must be made. Input can be either from a file or from the keyboard (results are written both to the screen and to an output rile), and the program can be customized for up to nine sets of input parameters.
A computer program in BASIC language is described, which allows to calculate the masses of the sequence fragments in the positive-ion Fast Atom Bombardment spectra of peptides.
A computer program in BASIC language is described, which allows to calculate the masses of the sequence fragments in the positive-ion Fast Atom Bombardment spectra of peptides.
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