Study of several field case histories has shown that the difference between two- and three-dimensional factors of safety is most pronounced in cases that involve a translational failure. Two- and three-dimensional slo...
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Study of several field case histories has shown that the difference between two- and three-dimensional factors of safety is most pronounced in cases that involve a translational failure. Two- and three-dimensional slope stability analyses of field case histories and a parametric study of a typical slope geometry revealed that commercially available three-dimensional slope stability programs have a number of limitations with respect to (1) accounting for the shear resistance along the sides of the sliding mass;(2) modeling the stress-dependent nature of failure envelopes of the materials involved;and (3) considering the internal forces in the slide mass. These limitations can significantly affect the calculated factor of safety for a translational failure mode. A technique is presented to overcome some of these limitations and provide a better estimation of the three-dimensional factor of safety. Field case histories are presented to show the importance of using a three-dimensional analysis in back-calculating the mobilized shear strength of the materials involved in a slope failure and in the design of slopes with complicated topography, shear strength conditions, and/or pore-water pressures.
Measurements of intracellular and extracellular ion activities with ion-selective microelectrodes generally involve calibration of the electrodes in solutions of known composition and fitting of the calibration data w...
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Measurements of intracellular and extracellular ion activities with ion-selective microelectrodes generally involve calibration of the electrodes in solutions of known composition and fitting of the calibration data with a theoretical expression. The Nicolsky equation is frequently used to describe the variation of electrode potential with primary ion activity in the presence of a constant amount of interference. In this report, we review the estimation of primary ion activities in calibration solutions and discuss the practical use of the Nicolsky equation. We describe a specialized computer program, developed in this laboratory, for routine input and editing of calibration data, fitting of data with the Nicolsky equation, and calculation of experimental ion activities from the fitted curve. Earlier versions of this program have proven helpful in several investigations in this and in other laboratories.
Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An itera...
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Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An iterative method is used. Initially, there are only concrete bars. Repeated structural analyses are performed. After each structural analysis, every concrete bar exceeding tensile strength is replaced by a steel bar. For every concrete bar exceeding compressive strength, first its section area is increased. If this is not enough, a steel bar is placed at the side of it. For every steel bar exceeding tensile or compressive strength, its section area is increased. After the end of every structural analysis, if all concrete and steel bars fall within tensile and compressive strengths, the output data are written and the analysis is terminated. Otherwise, the structural analysis is repeated. As all the necessary conditions (static, elastic, linearized geometric) are satisfied and the stresses of ALL concrete and steel bars fall within the tensile and compressive strengths, the results are acceptable. Usually, the proposed method exhibits a fast convergence in 4 - 5 repeats of structural analysis of the RC Shear Wall.
The difference obtained by determining grain size distribution diagram of the blasted rock mass by sieving method and by image processing, in situations when fragments are overlapping, is presented in the paper. The t...
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The difference obtained by determining grain size distribution diagram of the blasted rock mass by sieving method and by image processing, in situations when fragments are overlapping, is presented in the paper. The technical analysis of sieving and image processing is described in general terms. The authors demonstrate that results close to sieving results have been obtained by GoldSize program and that this program can successfully be used for determining grading of the blasted rock mass.
The INCA program converts Consort 30-generated fluorescence list mode data collected from Indo-1-stained cells to absolute intracellular calcium concentrations (nM Ca2+i). The calcium data are plotted vs. time, allowi...
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The INCA program converts Consort 30-generated fluorescence list mode data collected from Indo-1-stained cells to absolute intracellular calcium concentrations (nM Ca2+i). The calcium data are plotted vs. time, allowing the user to analyze the fractions of cells responding to a given stimulus. Converted files can be restored to disk after replacing FL1 and FL2 with time and calcium, respectively, for future analysis.
The clinical and laboratory findings of 2197 cases of systemic lupuserythematosus(SLE)were reviewed and analyzed to reveal the incidence of each of theabnormal changes and evaluate its value and specificity in the dia...
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The clinical and laboratory findings of 2197 cases of systemic lupuserythematosus(SLE)were reviewed and analyzed to reveal the incidence of each of theabnormal changes and evaluate its value and specificity in the diagnosis of the *** to the conditions of our country and the experience of many authors,a new set ofdiagnostic criteria for SLE was established and systematized into a computer *** on 223 non-SLE cases and 92 cases of confirmed SLE,this new set of diagnosticcriteria had the rates of specificity and sensitivity of 91.9% and 95.7% *** is considered that the new set of diagnostic criteria of SLE is characterized by itscomparatively comprehensive contents and its conformity to the conditions at *** isespecially helpful for the early diagnosis of SLE.
The goal of this study was to present the economic feasibility of biomass as a source of energy for corn drying. The market value of grain usually precludes it from being the most economical source of energy for grain...
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The goal of this study was to present the economic feasibility of biomass as a source of energy for corn drying. The market value of grain usually precludes it from being the most economical source of energy for grain drying, especially when compared to cobs and stover. If cobs and stover have little external value to the farm, and if they can be harvested economically, both can presently compete with LP gas as a source of energy for grain drying.
A simple, unbiased insulin-varying glucose clamp program is described. The aim of the program was to utilize a continuously updated array of data to predict insulin requirements for normoglycaemia. In assessing Type 1...
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A simple, unbiased insulin-varying glucose clamp program is described. The aim of the program was to utilize a continuously updated array of data to predict insulin requirements for normoglycaemia. In assessing Type 1 diabetes the quantity of insulin required for maintenance of basal euglycaemia can be more clinically informative than other clamp methods. We present a method which uses an iterative computer program to predict changes in insulin infusion rate required for glucose clamping. After initial parameter estimation, the program uses no fixed algorithm but makes predictions according to previous blood glucose responses to infusion rates. The program has flexible data entry, graphic display, and running statistics including mean infusion data, mean glucose levels, and their respective standard deviations. Data for 26 consecutive overnight clamp studies have been analysed. The median coefficient of variation of glucose values at the end of the clamp was 4.1% (range 1.4–12.0%). The mean bias during the last 2 h was 0.20 ± 0.24 mmol l −1 . Cross-correlation showed that insulin had its maximal effect on the rate of decline of glucose after 15 min, and the nadir of glucose occurred 45 min after a change in insulin infusion rate.
LAGCARTW (Lagrange Cartesian suite for Windows) provides a simple method for simulating and understanding diffusion using computer animations of random walk particles. The model is useful for teaching and demonstratio...
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LAGCARTW (Lagrange Cartesian suite for Windows) provides a simple method for simulating and understanding diffusion using computer animations of random walk particles. The model is useful for teaching and demonstration purposes, but may also be used in an investigative mode—the suite optionally produces output files of particle positions which can be used in subsequent analysis. Current velocities (defined as a series of tidal harmonics) are defined over the model domain, and particles can be discharged from a series of outfalls, reflected or absorbed by boundaries, and allowed to decay. The program also allows a variable diffusion coefficient in the vertical plane. The input file can be altered quite easily via a separate interactive program. A series of demonstration files, used to illustrate examples of diffusion problems, are provided.
Towers and tower like structures are, literally speaking, the 'pillars' of the infrastructure for the transmission of electrical power, telecommunication and broad casting. Substantial savings in material and ...
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Towers and tower like structures are, literally speaking, the 'pillars' of the infrastructure for the transmission of electrical power, telecommunication and broad casting. Substantial savings in material and total cost can be achieved through the selection of efficient structural configuration, and rational and optimum designs without compromising on the structural safety and reliability of towers. Genetic algorithms have been shown to be very effective in engineering design and optimization including the size, configuration and topology. Hence in this paper a genetic algorithm based methodology is described for the optimum weight design of Transmission line towers. A software has been developed which, is capable of computing various loads and load combinations specified by the current IS specifications for Transmission line towers. The developed code has been tested on three large problems and the optimal designs have been compared with the results reported in literature. A 66kV transmission line tower is optimized for the loads and load combination specified by IS:802 (Part1/Sec1)-1995, by considering stress, deflection and buckling criteria specified by IS:802 (Part1/Sec2)-1992. Since the wind loads and dead loads of the structure depend upon the section (area) selected, the program will automatically update the loads and load combinations and will produce an optimal solution. It is found that genetic algorithms work irrespective of whether stress or deflection is the governing criterion.
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