DNA shuffling is a powerful tool to develop libraries of variants for protein engineering. Here, we present a protocol to use our freely available and easy-to-use computer program, Shuffle Optimizer. Shuffle Optimizer...
详细信息
DNA shuffling is a powerful tool to develop libraries of variants for protein engineering. Here, we present a protocol to use our freely available and easy-to-use computer program, Shuffle Optimizer. Shuffle Optimizer is written in the Python computer language and increases the nucleotide homology between two pieces of DNA desired to be shuffled together without changing the amino acid sequence. In addition we also include sections on optimal primer design for DNA shuffling and library construction, a small-volume ultrasonicator method to create sheared DNA, and finally a method to reassemble the sheared fragments and recover and clone the library. The Shuffle Optimizer program and these protocols will be useful to anyone desiring to perform any of the nucleotide homology-dependent shuffling methods. less
Power transformers are very vital and costliest apparatus in electrical power network. A long lead time for delivery and huge cost warrants for optimize usages of Power transformer. Transformer loading, a function of ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781538618882
Power transformers are very vital and costliest apparatus in electrical power network. A long lead time for delivery and huge cost warrants for optimize usages of Power transformer. Transformer loading, a function of current through its winding, leads to ohmic losses in transformer winding and enclosure. ohmic losses responsible for producing heat inside the transformer. Heat, temperature has an adverse effect on life of transformer insulation. Oil impregnated paper (OIP) insulation is the sole choice as insulating medium in power transformer. Life of the transformer which is life of OIP is a time -temperature function. Substation engineers are often interested in keeping track of consumed life and remnant life of transformer. Overloading of the transformer beyond nameplate rating involves risk and leads to accelerated rating. Before taking on any call on overloading, substation engineer needs to evaluate the impact on transformer reliability and impact on life. At any moment allowable overload (with additional loss of life) will depend on prevailing load and ambient conditions. Understanding thermodynamic towards temperature rise, mapping of temperature at various zone like top oil, winding and winding hot-spot becomes essential. Based on these;Loading (current) - Time - temperature characteristics can be forecasted. In this review paper, calculations of average winding, hot-spot temperature, acceleration factor for ageing, cumulative ageing will be covered and will produce time-load characteristics for long-time and short-time overloading. The calculation models shall cover all type of cooling modes in power transformers. As an outcome of the presented algorithm, a computer program shall be developed to compute top-oil and hottest-spot temperatures as a function of time and load, the allowable limit for overload that can be impressed on a transformer to meet specified limitations with loss of life. Based on calculations models, computer program can forecast loadin
This paper has original view, give a decomposition of a large even number(3), the sufficient and necessary conditions are discussed, prove it has at least one result, and prove that argument is tenable, and the progra...
详细信息
This paper has original view, give a decomposition of a large even number(3), the sufficient and necessary conditions are discussed, prove it has at least one result, and prove that argument is tenable, and the program is given, the results of the computer are analyzed in this paper.
作者：
Nunes, Jose M.Univ Geneva
Lab Genet & Biometry LGB CH-1227 Carouge Switzerland Univ Porto
ICBAS Inst Ciencias Biomed Abel Salazar P-4100 Oporto Portugal
Analyses of large projects involving human leukocyte antigen data often face the difficulty of having data sets gathered using distinct techniques and resolution levels. Furthermore, it is not infrequent that missing ...
详细信息
Analyses of large projects involving human leukocyte antigen data often face the difficulty of having data sets gathered using distinct techniques and resolution levels. Furthermore, it is not infrequent that missing and ambiguous data arise at one or several loci. This article describes a set of computer programs that can be used to work efficiently with these kinds of data. The tasks of concern include format conversions, data recoding and replacement, and Expectation-Maximization (gene-counting) based frequency estimation for sets with ambiguous cases either under the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium frequencies or when some deviation exists (measured by a one degree of freedom inbreeding coefficient). This set of utilities is built on the top of a data format formally defined. The formal definition of the format allows to express all kinds of observable ambiguities, to define a simpler form for writing and manipulating data set files and to make substantial modifications of the actual symbols chosen to describe the data.
Distribution networks are an essential part of all water supply systemsDistribution system costs within any water supply scheme may be equal to or greater than 60% of the entire cost of the projectThe reliability of s...
详细信息
Distribution networks are an essential part of all water supply systemsDistribution system costs within any water supply scheme may be equal to or greater than 60% of the entire cost of the projectThe reliability of supply is much greater in the case of looped networksThe pipe networks have concentrated outflows or uniform outflow along the length of each pipeIn some pipes with variable discharge of a looped distribution network, water velocity could be reversed between its extremitiesThus, it is a water stall point denominated neutral point in which the discharge is nullIn this paper a mathematical model for the determination of water stall point location in the pipes with distributed consumption is developedThis model has been implemented in a computer program for PC microsystemsNumerical example will be presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model.
The modern approaches to the study of physical and mechanical properties of materials are described in this article. A brief description of the express method health assessment tool that has been developed in the fram...
详细信息
The modern approaches to the study of physical and mechanical properties of materials are described in this article. A brief description of the express method health assessment tool that has been developed in the framework of this approach.
In this paper,with the actual data of a lecture contest,prevailing method's defects to remove a maximum score and a minimum score,average of the rest to determine the ranking of the contestants are *** of three me...
详细信息
In this paper,with the actual data of a lecture contest,prevailing method's defects to remove a maximum score and a minimum score,average of the rest to determine the ranking of the contestants are *** of three methods of evaluation that prevailing method,calculating raters' weight once and Iterative calculation their weight,we design a quantitative method to reduce the judges' weight who have larger deviation,increase their weights who have smaller one,so that the final result is more *** addition,the computer programs of the three evaluation methods are also developed to facilitate the practical application.
This paper is an effort to establish a lower bound on the economic value of the Columbia and Snake Rivers to the State of Washington, so as to assess the economic consequences of diversion of waters of these rivers to...
详细信息
暂无评论