We consider models and computer programs for studying the dispersion (predominantly for short distances) of harmful substances emitted by thermal power stations, as well as some aspects of practical assessments of ris...
详细信息
The SEINet database of herbarium specimens was queried with two new computer programs, PROXIMITY and CORRELATION, to discover associations between 81 species of trees and shrubs of central Arizona based on the associa...
详细信息
The SEINet database of herbarium specimens was queried with two new computer programs, PROXIMITY and CORRELATION, to discover associations between 81 species of trees and shrubs of central Arizona based on the associated-species field and coordinate data. Many associations correspond to previously described biotic communities. Various approaches to using data, programming and presenting results are demonstrated and discussed. Non-plant organismal data can be included in an analysis if they include georeferenced specimens. CORRELATION especially shows promise for developing whole community concepts based on museum specimen data of all kingdoms of organisms.
AbstractA list of readily available computer programs for analysis of different types of experimental data is compiled. Some of these programs have been tested by the author for accuracy, and yet several others need t...
详细信息
AbstractA list of readily available computer programs for analysis of different types of experimental data is compiled. Some of these programs have been tested by the author for accuracy, and yet several others need to be checked by the users against existing tables and documents. The errors, to the author\'s knowledge, have been pointed out. Many of these programs may be used as subroutines in analyzing data derived from experiments in cytogenetics as well as other fields.
Statistics plays an important role in evaluating the evidential weight of forensic DNA. In this paper, general statistical principles for forensic DNA analysis are presented. We introduce the theory and methods for th...
详细信息
Statistics plays an important role in evaluating the evidential weight of forensic DNA. In this paper, general statistical principles for forensic DNA analysis are presented. We introduce the theory and methods for the statistical assessment in kinship determination and DNA mixture evaluation. In particular, analytical formulas for testing for biological relationship among three individuals and for assessing the DNA mixture evidence in the case of multiple subdivided ethnic groups are developed. Two user-friendly computer programs are demonstrated to exhibit their wide applicability in tackling with complex kinship/patemity and mixture problems. The EasyDNA program can solve a complicated paternity case in 1 min. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reliability is an important aspect of any system. On-line diagnosis, parity check coding, triple modular redundancy, and other methods have been used to improve the reliability of computing systems. In this paper anot...
详细信息
Reliability is an important aspect of any system. On-line diagnosis, parity check coding, triple modular redundancy, and other methods have been used to improve the reliability of computing systems. In this paper another aspect of reliable computing systems is explored. The problem is that of recovering error-free information when an error is detected at some stage in the processing of a program. If an error or fault is detected while a program is being processed and if it cannot be corrected immediately, it may be necessary to run the entire program again. The time spent in rerunning the program may be substantial and in some real time applications critical. Recovery time can be reduced by saving states of the program (all the information stored in registers, primary and secondary storage, etc.) at intervals, as the processing continues. If an error is detected the program is restarted from its most recently saved state. However, a price is paid in saving a state in the form of time spent storing all the relevant information in secondary storage. Hence it is expensive to save the state of the program too often. Not saving any state of the program may cause an unacceptably large recovery time. The problem that we solve is the following. Determine the optimum points at which the state of the program should be stored to recover after any malfunction.
The suggestion is made that program writing can bring about an understanding of a number of concepts in the biological sciences which, because of their arithmetic implications, are often considered to be difficult. Po...
详细信息
The suggestion is made that program writing can bring about an understanding of a number of concepts in the biological sciences which, because of their arithmetic implications, are often considered to be difficult. Population growth is used to illustrate the proposal, in which computing and the study of the topic are integrated. Although the particular context is part of the work undertaken by ecology students on a BEd degree course, this approach to learning in science may be relevant at all levels of education.
AbstractHuman memory organization has been shown to be important in the processing of natural language. Evidence is provided in this investigation which suggests that human memory organization is also important in pro...
详细信息
AbstractHuman memory organization has been shown to be important in the processing of natural language. Evidence is provided in this investigation which suggests that human memory organization is also important in processing programming languages. Subjects were divided into experimental groups which studied programs with or without documentation, and with or without hierarchically indented statements. Subjects studied and recalled five Fortran programs. The pattern of recalled statements at logic segment boundaries was compared to the recalled pattern within segments. In addition, the recalled boundary patterns of the experimental groups were compared to each other. The results indicate that algorithmic logic segments form a cognitive organizational structure in human memory for computer programs. Statement indentation and internal program documentation did not apparently enhance the organizational process or the recall of programming statements.
We studied the behavior of an aqueous ternary surfactant mixture composed of a nonionic surfactant and two anionic surfactants which differ in both surfactant hydrophobic tail length and surfactant hydrophilic head st...
详细信息
We studied the behavior of an aqueous ternary surfactant mixture composed of a nonionic surfactant and two anionic surfactants which differ in both surfactant hydrophobic tail length and surfactant hydrophilic head structure. We used an experimental design program to calculate the critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of this ternary surfactant mixture over the entire range of solution compositions. As inputs, the experimental design methodology requires the values of the ternary surfactant mixture CMCs for a limited subset of solution compositions which is determined by the experimental design program. We showed that this subset of ternary surfactant mixture CMC values can either be measured experimentally or predicted theoretically. The theoretical CMCs were predicted by a series of user-friendly computer programs which are based on molecular-thermodynamic theories describing single and mixed micelle formation. The experimental design program generated two surfaces describing the ternary surfactant mixture CMCs over the entire solution composition range-one based on the experimentally measured subset of CMC values, and the other based on the theoretically predicted CMC values for the same subset of solution compositions. We found that these two CMC surfaces agree very well, thus demonstrating the utility of the computer-assisted molecular-thermodynamic modeling as a predictive tool in surfactant mixture characterization and design.
Saudi Arabia grants nationality to an Al robot;the first "clash of robots" took place in Japan;and, Bill Gates suggests that robots start paying taxes. We believe that these developments justify new legal fi...
详细信息
Saudi Arabia grants nationality to an Al robot;the first "clash of robots" took place in Japan;and, Bill Gates suggests that robots start paying taxes. We believe that these developments justify new legal fiction interventions. Software has long now exceeded the intellectual property boundaries. It is no longer merely property;it has assumed life of its own. It does not matter that such life is imaginary today. Legal persons were brought to life through legal fiction intervention that was based on much less motivation - merely the human incentive for profit. Software is certainly connected today with profit, given that the world's most valued corporations are software companies. However, it has moved much further than that, to assume in many ways artificial life of its own. We think that it is time that the dichotomy between natural and legal persons, that has served humanity so well over the past centuries, now be trisected: A new, digital person, ought to be added to it. (C) 2018 Vagelis Papakonstantinou and Paul De Hert. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Supplemental catalog subcollection information: NASA Publication Collection; Astrophysics and Technical Documents; computer programs for calculating airline direct operating cost, indirect operating cost, and return o...
详细信息
Supplemental catalog subcollection information: NASA Publication Collection; Astrophysics and Technical Documents; computer programs for calculating airline direct operating cost, indirect operating cost, and return on investment were developed to provide
暂无评论