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Adaptive model for recommendation of news

EPL 2009年第3期88卷

作者： Medo, Matus Zhang, Yi-Cheng Zhou, Tao Univ Fribourg Dept Phys CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Modern Phys Hefei 230026 Peoples R China

Most news recommender systems try to identify users' interests and news' attributes and use them to obtain recommendations. Here we propose an adaptive model which combines similarities in users' rating patterns with epidemic-like spreading of news on an evolving network. We study the model by computer agent-based simulations, measure its performance and discuss its robustness against bias and malicious behavior. Subject to the approval fraction of news recommended, the proposed model outperforms the widely adopted recommendation of news according to their absolute or relative popularity. This model provides a general social mechanism for recommender systems and may find its applications also in other types of recommendation. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2009

关键词： Social and economic systems Networks and genealogical trees computer science and technology

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SU‐FF‐T‐74: Preplanning of Suture Coordinates for Episcleral Plaque Therapy

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Medical Physics 2009年第6PART9期36卷 2536-2536页

作者： M Astrahan Univ Southern California Los Angeles CA

Purpose: Episcleral plaques are attached to the eye by sutures which affix eyelets to the sclera. Historically, plaque position was determined by transilluminating the eye to cast a shadow of the tumor onto the sclera, outlining this shadow, and subsequently deciding where to suture the eyelets. 3D modeling enables scleral coordinates for each eyelet to be determined prior to surgery. Methods: The retinal diagram is a polar map of the retinal surface in which the posterior pole is located at the center of the map surrounded by radial spokes representing meridians and concentric rings of lattitude which terminate at the limbus which is the border of the cornea and sclera. Eyelet coordinates on an equivalent scleral diagram can be expressed using a meridian, a chord distance from the limbus along that meridian, and the chord distance between the eyelets. It is common to express diagram meridians as clock hours so coordinates for a plaque with two eyelets might be something like: eyelet ♯1 along the 12:40 o'clock meridian, 9.1 mm from the limbus, eyelet ♯2 along the 2:10 meridian 9.4 mm from the limbus, and 9.2 mm between the eyelets. Results: Over 300 patients have been treated at USC using calculated suture coordinates. Only in a handful of cases involving anterior tumors for which fundus photography was impossible was it necessary to empirically adjust coordinates. Admittedly subjective observation suggests that plaque placement to within about 8 degrees circumferentially and 0.5 mm radially of the planned position is routinely achievable. Examples will be presented. Conclusion: When the tumor location can be accurately determined from fundus photography, the placement of a plaque and its suture eyelets can be accurately preplanned. Conflict of Interest: Software which implements this technology is licensed by BEBIG GmbH for distribution under the name Plaque Simulator.

关键词： Cancer Photography Therapeutics computer science and technology Clocks

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MO‐C‐BRB‐01: Present and Future Role of computers in Medicine

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Medical Physics 2009年第6PART20期36卷 2690-2690页

作者： I Foster University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory Chicago IL

Computational methods will transform both biological science and clinical practice over the next decades. Dramatic increases in the quantities of experimental, clinical, and other data, and in our ability to federate data from many sources, are enabling powerful computational approaches such as the mining and integration of data from huge databases in search of novel patterns and correlations. Rapid advances in both computer power and numerical methods enable the use of computational modeling and simulation to study previously inaccessible phenomena at the molecular, cellular, anatomical, and population levels. This marriage of modern biological and medical research with the computational sciences is destined to capture new levels of biological complexity that will motivate new theory, unearth novel biological concepts, and ultimately, drive new diagnostic strategies and treatment *** keynote is given by Ian Foster, who is known as the “father of grid computing”. He is currently The Arthur Holly Compton Distinguished Service Professor of computer science, Director of the Computation Institute, and Argonne Distinguished Fellow at The University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory. Foster has received the Lovelace Medal of the British computer Society, the Gordon Bell Prize for high-performance supercomputing, and is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of science.

关键词： computer science and technology Medical diagnosis computer simulation computers in education Databases Integral transforms Computational methods Biomedical modeling Mining computer modeling

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TU‐E‐211A‐03: Medical Imaging Physics: Career Opportunities and Considerations

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Medical Physics 2009年第6PART23期36卷 2741-2741页

作者： G Barnes Univ Alabama Birmingham Birmingham AL

Medical imaging is big business — a multibillion dollar business, both for the manufacturers of medical imaging equipment and for health care providers. It plays an important role in diagnosis and in therapy. For these and other reasons medical imaging physics offers a number of highly satisfying career paths — clinical support in small to moderate sized medical centers, consulting clinical support, academic radiology positions, and positions in industry. For the past 30+ years, the career path an individual takes depends primarily on individual interest and capabilities and to a lesser extent on job availability. This session focuses on the responsibilities of the medical imaging physicist in these different career paths. Presented are examples of different career paths. Discussed are the responsibilities that medical physicists typically have, minimum educational and experience requirements, and desirable skills and credentials. This Meet the Expert Session will be moderated by Gary T. Barnes, Ph.D. Dr. Barnes has worked for more than thirty‐five years in medical imaging. His experience encompasses routine clinical support, radiology resident teaching, mentoring of young medical physicists, research, and prototype medical imaging equipment development. He is a Fellow of the AAPM, ACR and AIMBE, and is currently Professor Emeritus, Department of Radiology, UAB Medical Center, President of RAD Physics, Inc., a medical physics consulting company he founded in 1978, and President of X‐Ray Imaging Innovations, a technology development company he founded in 1998. For the fifteen years prior to his retirement from UAB and becoming Professor Emeritus, he was the Director of the Physics and Engineering Division of the Department of Radiology. The Division included medical physics faculty, medical imaging equipment service engineers, QC technologists and technicians, computer programmers, and other informatics specialists. At the time of his retirement the Division had twen

关键词： Medical imaging Careers Medical physics computer science and technology Business Medical physicists Medical diagnosis Engineers Physicists Biomedical engineering

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SU‐FF‐I‐91: A Fast and Robust Dynamic Tracking Method of the Moving Deformable Targets in the Fluoroscopy Image Sequence for Image Guided Radiotherapy

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Medical Physics 2009年第6PART4期36卷 2455-2455页

作者： L Yang S Jabbour J Zhou B Haffty D Foran N Yue University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Piscataway NJ The Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ The Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ The Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Piscataway NJ The Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ

Purpose: To develop a robust dynamic tracking technology on the continuously acquired fluoroscopy for precise positioning of a moving deformable target volume in the 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Method and Materials: A novel one-step forward prediction based collaborative trackers are utilized to achieve both temporal consistency and failure recovery in dynamic tracking of the fluoroscopy image sequence. The robustness to complex background and weak edges is obtained from the learned discriminative detector and boundary classifiers. The temporal consistency is preserved by the template tracker. Instead of building specific models for different organs or different imaging modalities, all the major steps in this algorithm are based on learning. Results: This technology was tested and evaluated on clinically acquired fluoroscopy of patients who were under radiation therapy treatments. The tested data sets consisted of three complete sequences of the fluoroscopy lung image on which the target volumes not only moved but also changed in shape and size. As demonstrated in the supporting materials, the method can successfully track both the tumors located in the thorax and upper abdomen, even though they exhibited significant respiratory induced motions and deformation. Moreover, the tracking speed is comparable to the refreshing rate of fluoroscopy with non- observable lagging time. Conclusion: The one-step forward prediction based collaborative tracking technology has been successfully applied on the continuously acquired fluoroscopic images to track the movement and shape change of the deformable target. With the current computer technologies, this process can be automated with minimum to none human intervention. This technology has significant potentials in the gated radiotherapy and can be used to control the beam-on timing and gating window. This study is supported by Varian medical system.

关键词： Fluoroscopy Medical imaging Radiation therapy computer science and technology Radiation treatment Image sensors Anatomy Data sets Lungs Sequence analysis

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Advanced Imaging in Biology and Medicine: technology, Software Environments, Applications

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Medical Physics 2009年第7期36卷 3378-3378页

作者： Rao F. H. Khan

Advanced Imaging in Biology and Medicine: technology, Software Environments, Applications Sensen Christoph W. and Hallgrímsson Benedikt Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 2009. $249.00. ISBN: 978354068... 详细信息

关键词： Computed tomography Visual imaging Genomic techniques Ultrasonography computer simulation Magnetic resonance imaging biology computing biomedical MRI biomedical ultrasonics computerised tomography finite element analysis genomics medical image processing nondestructive testing optical tomography virtual reality Medical imaging computer software Ultrasonography Researchers computer science and technology Genomics Magnetic resonance imaging Computed tomography Digital image processing Graduates

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TOWARDS POSSIBLE NON-EXTENSIVE THERMODYNAMICS OF ALGORITHMIC PROCESSING - STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF INSERTION SORT ALGORITHM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C 2008年第9期19卷 1443-1458页

作者： Strzalka, Dominik Grabowski, Franciszek Rzeszow Univ Technol Dept Distributed Syst PL-35959 Rzeszow Poland

Tsallis entropy introduced in 1988 is considered to have obtained new possibilities to construct generalized thermodynamical basis for statistical physics expanding classical Boltzmann-Gibbs thermodynamics for nonequilibrium states. During the last two decades this q-generalized theory has been successfully applied to considerable amount of physically interesting complex phenomena. The authors would like to present a new view on the problem of algorithms computational complexity analysis by the example of the possible thermodynamical basis of the sorting process and its dynamical behavior. A classical approach to the analysis of the amount of resources needed for algorithmic computation is based on the assumption that the contact between the algorithm and the input data stream is a simple system, because only the worst-case time complexity is considered to minimize the dependency on specific instances. Meanwhile the article shows that this process can be governed by long-range dependencies with thermodynamical basis expressed by the specific shapes of probability distributions. The classical approach does not allow to describe all properties of processes (especially the dynamical behavior of algorithms) that can appear during the computer algorithmic processing even if one takes into account the average case analysis in computational complexity. The importance of this problem is still neglected especially if one realizes two important things. The first one: nowadays computer systems work also in an interactive mode and for better understanding of its possible behavior one needs a proper thermodynamical basis. The second one: computers from mathematical point of view are Turing machines but in reality they have physical implementations that need energy for processing and the problem of entropy production appears. That is why the thermodynamical analysis of the possible behavior of the simple insertion sort algorithm will be given here.

关键词： Non-extensive entropy statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics computer science and technology

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SU-GG-T-385: QuASA2R — a Digital Data Quality Assurance Submission, Archive, Analysis, and Review System for Advanced technology Clinical Trials in Radiation Therapy

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Medical Physics 2008年第6PART15期35卷 2813-2814页

作者： W Bosch J Matthews J Deasy J Michalski W Straube J Purdy Washington University Saint Louis MO UC Davis Medical Center Sacramento CA

Purpose: The QuASA 2 R clinical trials quality assurance (QA) system, developed by the Image-guided Therapy QA Center (ITC), provides multiple cooperative groups one of the most advanced medical informatics infrastructures currently in use for radiation therapy clinical trials QA. The recently renewed ATC grant has provided funds for further refinement/development of this system. A status update of QuASA 2 R for protocol case data QA, submission, archive, analysis, and review is presented. Method and Materials: Development of QuASA 2 R is guided by the considerable experience and success of ITC computer scientists and QA personnel in supporting advanced technology clinical trials, recognition of QA tool needs for future protocols involving emerging technologies (e.g. IGRT, ART), and compatibility with caBIG infrastructure. ITC has embraced a flexible, modular architecture with emphasis on well-defined interfaces, which allows integration of commercial “off-the-shelf” and open-source software and focuses custom software development/enhancements on features not otherwise available. This approach enables step-wise implementation and upgrading of system components while providing continuous support of ongoing protocols. Results: A major update of QuASA 2 R is underway involving replacement of current treatment-planning-system-based imaging/treatment planning/verification database with specialized DICOM archive software supporting a tiered storage structure. The DICOM archive supports diagnostic imaging, DICOM RT objects, and meta-data related to diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes assessment for protocol patients. Updates to QA utilities that aid ITC staff in performing Digital Data Integrity QA (DDIQA) continue to be implemented. The open-source CERR software system has been integrated into QuASA 2 R for format conversion, QA review, and secondary data analysis. Conclusion: The QuASA 2 R system has demonstrated a continuing robustness, having archived over 6000 datasets

关键词： Archives computer software Medical imaging Emerging informatics technologies computer science and technology Data analysis Quality assurance Radiation therapy Medical image quality Image analysis

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Potts glass on random graphs

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EPL 2008年第5期81卷

作者： Krzakala, F. Zdeborova, L. ESPCI CNRS PCT UMR 7083 F-75231 Paris France Univ Paris 11 CNRS LPTMS UMR8626 F-91405 Orsay France

We solve the q-state Potts model with anti-ferromagnetic interactions on large random lattices of finite coordination. Due to the frustration induced by the large loops and to the local tree-like structure of the lattice this model behaves as a mean-field spin glass. We use the cavity method to compute the temperature-coordination phase diagram and to determine the location of the dynamic and static glass transitions, and of the Gardner instability. We show that for q >= 4 the model possesses a phenomenology similar to the one observed in structural glasses. We also illustrate the links between the positive- and the zero-temperature cavity approaches, and discuss the consequences for the coloring of random graphs. In particular, we argue that in the colorable region the one-step replica symmetry-breaking solution is stable towards more steps of replica symmetry breaking. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2008.

关键词： Spin-glass and other random models computer science and technology

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WE-B-352-01: Current DICOM Topics: 3D Objects and Compression

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Medical Physics 2008年第6PART23期35卷 2931-2931页

作者： D Peck M Flynn Henry Ford Health System Detroit MI

The development of the DICOM Standard is accomplished through Working Groups of the DICOM Standards Committee. The Working Groups perform the majority of work on the extension of and corrections to the DICOM Standard. The ACR Committee on DICOM Standards, under the Commission on Medical Physics, has been established to provide a summary of the current activities and future directions of the DICOM Standards Committee. In this presentation two recently active areas are reviewed with an emphasis on how the emerging new standards impact diagnostic radiology. 1. The new Surface Segmentation Storage SOP Class *** Supplement, developed by a joint effort of Working Group 17 (3D) and Working Group 24 (Surgery), addresses the generic structure of 3D segmentation results. The standard provides a method to store segmented surface information in a manner that permits rendering of shaded models using common computer graphic approaches. Industry support for the SOP class will change the manner is which analyzed cross sectional data is stored for review by radiologists, oncologists, surgeons, etc. In addition the enhancement of the Presentation State for these new 3D objects is being initiated by working Group 11 (Display Function Standard) and Working Group 24 (Surgery) has initiated work on a Supplement to improve surgical plans for implants using these new 3D objects. 2. Compression: JPEG 2000 and MPEG2 Transfer syntaxes. JPEG 2000 compression was added as transfer syntax by Working Group 4 (Compression) in 2001 but has had only modest impact on image quality relative to the previous baseline JPEG methods. Of more significance is the extension in 2004 to JPEG 2000 part 2 multi-component transfer syntaxes which apply to multi-spectral and 3D image data. The extension of the standard to permit the pixel data module to reference a JPIP URL to access image data from a web server (supplement 1006, 2004) is particularly notable in light of the increasing use of web client

关键词： Medical imaging Visible light Data analysis Graphical methods computer modeling Radiologists computer simulation Medical physics Data visualization computer science and technology

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