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Within the next five years CT colonography will make conventional colonoscopy obsolete for colon cancer screening

MEDICAL PHYSICS 2006年第8期33卷 2679-2682页

作者： Yoshida, Hiro Svoboda, Albert C., Jr. Orton, Colin G. Massachusetts Gen Hosp Image Anal Lab Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Boston MA 02114 USA Sansum Diabet Res Inst Santa Barbara CA 93105 USA

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It is important that medical physicists be involved in the development and implementation of integrated hospital information systems

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MEDICAL PHYSICS 2006年第12期33卷 4455-4458页

作者： Nikiforidis, George C. Kagadis, George C. Univ Patras Sch Med Dept Med Phys GR-26500 Patras Greece

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Searching complex networks efficiently with minimal information

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EUROPHYSICS LETTERS 2006年第6期74卷 1102-1108页

作者： Carmi, S. Cohen, R. Dolev, D. Bar Ilan Univ Minerva Ctr Ramat Gan Israel Bar Ilan Univ Dept Phys Ramat Gan Israel Boston Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02215 USA Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Sch Engn & Comp Sci Jerusalem Israel

The ability to perform an efficient search in a complex network is of great importance in real-world systems. We suggest a method for searching for nodes when the source does not possess full information about the shortest path to the destination. By assigning new short names to nodes we are able to reduce significantly the amount of information stored at the nodes, such that the required memory needed scales only logarithmically with the network size;yet we succeed in finding the destination node through paths very close in distance to the shortest ones. The method is shown to perform particularly well on scale-free networks, exploiting its unique characteristics. This, together with other properties, makes our method extremely useful for realistic systems such as the Internet.

关键词： computer science and technology Structures and organization in complex systems Probability theory

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Special report: Biomedical imaging research opportunities workshop III. A summary of findings and recommendations

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MEDICAL PHYSICS 2006年第2期33卷 274-277页

作者： Hendee, W Med Coll Wisconsin Grad Sch Biomed Sci Milwaukee WI 53226 USA

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TU-EE-A2-02: New Field Splitting Algorithms for Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

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Medical Physics 2006年第6PART17期33卷 2206-2207页

作者： C Wang M Healy D Chen University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN

Purpose: To develop new algorithms/softwares that optimally split any intensity-modulated fields of large widths into multiple subfields under the MLC maximum leaf spread constraint such that the total beam-on time for delivering the resulting subfields is minimized. Methods and Material: Due to the maximum leaf spread (MLS) constraint of MLCs, intensity-modulated fields used in IMRT whose widths exceed a given threshold must be split into multiple subfields. This results in increased beam-on time of the treatment. We studied two versions of the field splitting problems: 1) Splitting a large field into non-overlapping subfields along paths that are orthogonal to the MLC leaf motion direction (this is a generalization of field splitting along straight lines); (2) splitting with overlapping, allowing adjacent subfields to overlap with each other. We developed two new field splitting algorithms (called FSMP and FSO) for these two problem versions, which mathematically guarantee to minimize the total beam-on time of the splitting. Our algorithms are based on graph algorithmic techniques in computer science and linear programming tools in operations research. Results: We implemented our new algorithms, and experimented with them on 58 large intensity-modulated fields for 11 clinical cases obtained from the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Medical School. We conducted comparisons with CORVUS 5.0, and with a recent field splitting algorithm (denoted by FSSL), which splits along straight lines. For every tested field, the total beam-on times of the four methods, CORVUS 5.0, FSSL, FSMP, and FSO, are always in decreasing order. Comparing with CORVUS 5.0 and FSSL, our new algorithms showed considerable improvements (on average, 21% and 12%, respectively) in the total beam-on time. Conclusion: We developed two new field splitting algorithms under the MLS constraint of MLCs to minimize the total beam-on time. Our algorithms improved the previous field spl

关键词： computer software Multileaf collimators computers in education Radiation therapy Intensity modulated radiation therapy Drug delivery computer science and technology Cancer Medical fields

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TH-C-230A-09: Implementation of MINERVA/PEREGRINE as An ATC Review Tool

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Medical Physics 2006年第6PART22期33卷 2272-2273页

作者： J Purdy J Lehmann D Wessol J Cogliati M Milvich C Frederickson D Nigg C Wemple University of California Davis Sacramento CA Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID Montana State University Bozeman MT

Purpose: To test the feasibility of a system of software (MINERVA/PEREGRINE) developed by the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for supporting quality assurance (QA) review of cooperative-group clinical trials treatment planning data within the Advanced technology QA Consortium (ATC). Method and Materials: MINERVA is an open architecture, open source code system, designed to accommodate any computation engine through a plugin structure. MINERVA supports two types of data storage - relational databases and XML files. Patient data is stored in a relational database. XML-based import/export tools have been developed to transfer patient information between QA Centers and reviewers. Tools have been implemented as plugins to allow addition of more advanced tools. The research version of the LLNL PEREGRINE Monte Carlo code has been relocated to UC Davis Medical Center. The basis has been created for an integration of PEREGRINE with ITC, and it has been integrated with MINERVA as a calculation engine. Results: MINERVA supports submission of digital treatment planning data using RTOG format. Ability to import DICOM-RT objects that satisfies the ATC DICOM conformance statement is needed. MINERVA provides display of DVHs and axial patient images with overlaid organ-at-risk/target-volume contours, as well as user-defined isodose curves. Users can edit contours, recalculate DVHs for these user-defined structures, and display point doses. Test cases for several body sites have been calculated using PEREGRINE to demonstrate feasibility. We believe that the use of Monte Carlo simulation will become a key tool for credentialing and QA review of clinical trials treatment planning and verification data in the near future. Conclusion: The MINERVA/PEREGRINE software system appears to be well suited to meet the needs regarding QA of data submitted for future ATC-supported clinical trials. Conflict of Interest: This work was supported by

关键词： Medical treatment planning computer software Databases Quality assurance computer science and technology Monte Carlo methods Data acquisition Medical imaging

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MO-B-ValB-01: Advances in MRI Equipment Design, Software, and Imaging Procedures

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Medical Physics 2006年第6PART14期33卷 2156-2157页

作者： M Steckner Hitachi Medical Systems America Inc. Twinsburg OH

The advances in MRI technology are relentless. Virtually every aspect of MR scanners is being modified and optimized. There are a myriad number of factors that drive these advances. Clinical requirements are the most obvious and important driver, but are significantly influenced by the clinical setting and/or business model. Is the scanner for a large hospital radiology department, or dedicated interventional procedures scanner, or for an orthopedic, cardiac, pediatric or breast practice or a walk-in radiological clinic? Each of these market segments places a different relative importance on the various MR system performance specifications. Consequently, the commercially available MR scanners have their own unique operating characteristics as the various MRI vendors seek to satisfy their customers' needs. This lecture will examine some of the various subsystems and discuss selected development trends, such as: 1) Utilization of novel spatial encoding mechanisms to accelerate image acquisition: parallel imaging and the coil spatial response mechanism. 2) Magnet field strength is increasing and physical magnet size is changing: shorter magnets and larger apertures. 3) Increase the effective imaging volume with advances in moving couch methods: the couch becomes another spatial encoding mechanism. 4) Demands on the reconstruction engine are constantly growing: commercial consumer electronic technology advances help provide cost effective, faster solutions. 5) Parallel receive concepts are adapted to the transmit side: transmit-SENSE. It is not commercially available, yet. 6) More than pretty pictures: numbers. The growth in quantitative MRI and CAD. While these technology advances are increasing system complexity, flexibility, sequence capabilities, image quality, throughput efficiencies etc, associated technology advances are also mitigating the package footprint and costs. Educational Objectives: 1. Recognizing the advances in MRI. 2. Understand the technology underl

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Image scanners Medical imaging Spatial dimensions Magnets Medical image reconstruction Encoding Lectures Digital image processing computer science and technology

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SU-FF-P-02: Live Webcast and Video Archiving of Physics Seminars

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Medical Physics 2006年第6PART14期33卷 2152-2152页

作者： M Woo Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Ctr Toronto ON CA

This presentation is to report and promote a webcasting and video archiving project at our cancer centre. We use a commercial system that requires special hardware to be installed in the presentation room, although a portable system is also available to videotape lectures but not for live webcast. The process begins with an email to the invited speaker, explaining the process and requesting his or her permission for the videotaping. Once the speaker agrees to it, the hospital's IS department is notified. All that is required of the IS staff is to enter the basic information on their computer, and then, at the actual time of the seminar, observe the speaker remotely on their TV monitor and adjust the video camera. The speaker image, the audio, together with the screen image of the speaker's presentation computer, will then be broadcast live on the web. To view the broadcast, intended audience will be sent a link in advance. The same link can be used to view the archived seminar afterwards. The archiving is done automatically, with no extra step for the IS staff. For the live webcast, some electronic form of remote audience participation, such as polling and sending questions by email, is available. We have decided that a speaker phone for audience to phone in would be most effective. The whole process is extremely easy to implement and also transparent to speakers, and the feedback has been highly positive. We are in the process of setting up an announcement for upcoming talks, as well as a catalog of archived talks. We encourage the Medical Physics community to participate in the project as audience. We would also like to promote this concept for other centres to set up similar facilities so that information and knowledge could be shared widely.

关键词： Medical imaging Cancer Announcements Lectures Cameras computer science and technology Medical physics

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SU-FF-T-267: Implementation of ATC Method 1 for Clinical Trials Data Review at the Quality Assurance Review Center

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Medical Physics 2006年第6PART11期33卷 2109-2109页

作者： W Bosch J Matthews K Ulin M Urie J Yorty W Straube T FitzGerald J Purdy Image Guided Therapy QA Center Saint Louis MO Quality Assurance Review Center Providence RI

Purpose: To develop the capability at the Quality Assurance Review Center (QARC) to receive and review digital radiation therapy treatment planning data (TPD) for clinical trial case review. Method and Materials: A system of software (“ATC Method 1”) developed at the Image-guided Therapy QA Center (ITC) as part of the Advanced technology QA Consortium (ATC) to receive, process, and review volumetric TPD for clinical trials was ported to a Linux workstation at QARC. The system includes an FTP server for receiving TPD (in DICOM or RTOG data exchange format) from protocol participants, utilities for importing TPD into a local file format, and the web-based Remote Review Tool (RRT) for QA of ROIs, isodoses, DVHs, and dose statistics. (Proprietary software components were used by special arrangement with CMS, Inc.) Results: Software installation and maintenance were performed remotely at QARC by ITC personnel, with weekly teleconferences to coordinate the development effort. ITC software was adapted to better support the QARC QA process. RRT enhancements include selectable DVHs, distance measurement tool, and image grayscale presets. QARC software was adapted to support RRT invocation directly from the QARC database user interface. The system is in use for six COG, CALGB, ACOSOG, and ECOG protocols; 28 cases from 15 institutions have been received and reviewed (3/1/06). Conclusion: Widespread use of new treatment modalities such as IMRT, makes use of 3D datasets essential for complete evaluation of ROI delineation and assessment of agreement of dosimetric parameters with protocol requirements. This project demonstrates that ATC Method 1, successfully used in support of RTOG trials for many years at ITC, can be implemented at other QA centers. The effort required, however, was significant and tools must be tailored to each individual QA center's computer infrastructure/QA process. Supported by NIH U24 Grant CA81647 and NCI-H Grant 5U10CA02951.

关键词： computer software Quality assurance Medical imaging Dosimetry Medical treatment planning Radiation therapy Databases computer science and technology User interfaces Advanced materials

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SU-FF-T-406: Testing of ATC Method 2 for Supporting QA of Cooperative Group Advanced technology Clinical Trials Requiring Digital Data Submission

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Medical Physics 2006年第6PART13期33卷 2139-2139页

作者： W Bosch S O'Leary J Matthews V Frouhar J Palta G Field L Pho J Purdy Washington Univ Saint Louis MO Univ Florida Gainesville FL Cross Cancer Institute Edmonton AB CA Queens University Kingston ON CA UC Davis Sacramento CA

Purpose: To test the readiness of a system of software (“ATC Method 2-v.2.3”) developed by the Resource Center for Emerging Technologies (RCET) for supporting QA of cooperative group clinical trials within the Advanced technology QA Consortium (ATC). Method and Materials: ATC Method 2-v.2.3 includes WebSys client and server for secure data upload/download/archiving of volumetric imaging and radiotherapy treatment planning data, a web-based Rapid Image Viewer (RIV) tool, and web-based tools for server administration. The software was implemented on a test server at the Image-guided Therapy QA Center (ITC), and underwent rigorous testing by ITC personnel. Tests conducted included examination of user interface behavior, as well as systematic comparison of submitted/retrieved copies of 16 representative test data sets (in DICOM and RTOG Data Exchange format) from nine different treatment planning system vendors. Results: Evaluation tests of version 2.3 of the ATC Method 2 software identified improvements in the usability of software over the previous version, and provided general suggestions for further improvement. These tests also identified specific input that led to failure of the WebSys client, usability issues in the RIV tool, database changes needed to support case identifiers in ATC trails, and corrections needed in handling certain DICOM objects. These test results have contributed to improvements in version 2.4 of this software in preparation for its use to support clinical trials. Version 2.4 is expected to be ready for testing beginning March 2006. The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group (CTG) will participate in the new round of testing. Conclusion: Since this software is intended to play a major role in QA of data submitted for future ATC-supported clinical trials, rigorous testing is essential to its ongoing development. Future testing is expected to benefit from collaborative efforts of NCIC CTG. Supported by NIH U24 Grant CA

关键词： computer software Testing procedures computer science and technology Medical imaging Medical treatment planning Data sets User interfaces Databases Cancer Radiation therapy

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