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The Contribution of Visualization to Learning computer Architecture

computer SCIENCE EDUCATION 2007年第2期17卷 117-127页

作者： Yehezkel, Cecile Ben-Ari, Mordechai Dreyfus, Tommy Weizmann Inst Sci Rehovot Israel Tel Aviv Univ Tel Aviv Israel

This paper describes a visualization environment and associated learning activities designed to improve learning of computer architecture. The environment, EasyCPU, displays a model of the components of a computer and the dynamic processes involved in program execution. We present the results of a research program that analysed the contribution of the visualization to learning. We found that EasyCPU facilitated the use of improved study methods and enabled the construction of a viable mental model of the computer.

关键词： Visualization computers Construction (Process) Information Management computer system design Learning Activities

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Keeping in touch: Talking to older people about computers and communication

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EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY 2007年第8期33卷 613-630页

作者： Dickinson, Anna Hill, Robin L. Univ Dundee Sch Comp Dundee DD1 4HN Scotland

computer-based communication has tremendous potential to support older adults. But if people are to use such systems autonomously, it is necessary to move beyond current interfaces and systems and develop devices that fit into the environment of the user. Using a Grounded Theory approach, three focus groups were held and, subsequently, 9 older adults (age 70-90) were interviewed about the ways in which they kept in touch with friends and relatives. Outcomes included dependence on the telephone as a way of communicating. There is also a specific, supporting role for e-mail, which was used with younger family members or those living abroad to enrich communication with brief, informal messages.

关键词： Older Adults Electronic Mail Telecommunications Letters (Correspondence) Social Isolation computer Attitudes computer Interfaces computer system design Family Relationship Communication Skills computer Mediated Communication Focus Groups Interviews Foreign CountriesUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom

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From Archi Torture to Architecture: Undergraduate students design and implement computers using the multimedia logic emulator

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computer SCIENCE EDUCATION 2007年第2期17卷 141-152页

作者： Stanley, Timothy Wong, Lap Prigmore, Daniel Benson, Justin Fishler, Nathan Fife, Leslie Colton, Don Brigham Young Univ Hawaii Laie HI USA

Students learn better when they both hear and do. In computer architecture courses "doing'' can be difficult in small schools without hardware laboratories hosted by computer engineering, electrical engineering, or similar departments. Software solutions exist. Our success with George Mills' Multimedia Logic (MML) is the focus of this paper. MML provides a graphical computer architecture solution with convenient I/O support and the ability to build and emulate a variety of computer designs. It has proven highly motivational to upper division computer science students designing and constructing emulated computers. Student projects resulted in excellent student understanding of the detailed inner workings of computers. Students also developed better teamwork skills and produced useful training aids for the lower division computer organization class. designs implemented include 8 bit and 16 bit von Neumann and Harvard architectures, from single cycle to 12 cycle instructions. Issues resolved during the learning process include timing, initialization, instruction set architecture, and I/O and assembler design. We discuss pedagogical issues involved in using MML to implement instructor and student computer designs. MML is compared to using a hardware-based Intel 8085 microprocessor basic systems course.

关键词： Undergraduate Students computer Software computer Science Education Student Projects computer system design Student Motivation Laboratories computers Logical Thinking

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An evolving methodology for managing multimedia courseware production

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INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION AND TEACHING INTERNATIONAL 2006年第3期43卷 303-312页

作者： Giller, Susan Barker, Philip Univ Teesside Sch Comp Middlesbrough TS1 3BA Cleveland England

It is often claimed that techniques such as 'multimedia' and the use of blended learning environments can be used to achieve powerful interactive pedagogies. Indeed, the advent of easy-to-use multimedia technologies has meant that a plethora of digital learning products is now becoming available. Despite the relative ease-of-use of these new technologies, managing large-scale multimedia courseware development projects is still very problematic. This paper discusses some of the issues involved and outlines an emerging methodology for managing such projects.

关键词： Multimedia Materials Courseware Educational Technology Comparative Analysis Program Effectiveness computer Uses in Education design Requirements Management systems computer Software Evaluation Evaluation Criteria computer system design Research Problems

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Eliciting design Patterns for E-learning systems

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computer SCIENCE EDUCATION 2006年第2期16卷 105-118页

作者： Retalis, Symeon Georgiakakis, Petros Dimitriadis, Yannis Univ Piraeus Piraeus Greece Univ Valladolid Valladolid Spain

design pattern creation, especially in the e-learning domain, is a highly complex process that has not been sufficiently studied and formalized. In this paper, we propose a systematic pattern development cycle, whose most important aspects focus on reverse engineering of existing systems in order to elicit features that are cross-validated through the use of appropriate, authentic scenarios. However, an iterative pattern process is proposed that takes advantage of multiple data sources, thus emphasizing a holistic view of the teaching-learning processes. The proposed schema of pattern mining has been extensively validated for Asynchronous Network Supported Collaborative Learning (ANSCL) systems, as well as for other types of tools in a variety of scenarios, with promising results.

关键词： Validated Programs Instructional design Courseware Electronic Learning computer system design Foreign Countries computer Networks Web Based Instruction Schematic Studies design Preferences Best Practices ModelsSpainSpain

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Categorizing Student Software designs: Methods, results, and implications

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computer SCIENCE EDUCATION 2006年第3期16卷 197-209页

作者： Eckerdal, Anna McCartney, Robert Mostrom, Jan Erik Ratcliffe, Mark Zander, Carol Uppsala Univ Uppsala Sweden Univ Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Umea Univ Umea Sweden Aberystwyth Univ Aberystwyth Dyfed Wales Univ Washington Bothell Bothell WA USA

This paper examines the problem of studying and comparing student software designs. We propose semantic categorization as a way to organize widely varying data items. We describe how this was used to organize a particular multi-national, multi-institutional dataset, and present the results of this analysis: most students are unable to effectively design software. We examine how these designs vary with different academic and demographic factors, and discuss the implications of this work on both education and education research.

关键词： Semantics computer Software Classification computer system design Student Projects Scoring Rubrics Student Evaluation Comparative Analysis Evaluation Methods Student Developed Materials Programming

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Strategies for Teaching Object-Oriented Concepts with Java

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computer SCIENCE EDUCATION 2006年第1期16卷 1-18页

作者： Sicilia, Miguel-Angel Univ Alcala Madrid Spain

A considerable amount of experiences in teaching object-oriented concepts using the Java language have been reported to date, some of which describe language pitfalls and concrete learning difficulties. In this paper, a number of additional issues that have been experienced as difficult for students to master, along with approaches intended to overcome them, are addressed. Concretely, practical issues regarding associations, interfaces, genericity and exceptions are described. These issues suggest that more emphasis is required on presenting Java programs as derivations of conceptual models, in order to guarantee that a thorough design of the object structure actually precedes implementation issues. In addition, common student misunderstandings about the uses of interfaces and exceptions point to the necessity of introducing both specific design philosophies and also a clear distinction between design-for-reuse and more specific implementation issues.

关键词： Learning Problems Learning Strategies Programming Programming Languages computer Science Education Instructional Innovation Instructional design computer system design computer Interfaces Concept Teaching Fundamental Concepts Foreign CountriesSpainSpain

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DOES INTERFACE MATTER? A STUDY OF WEB AUTHORING AND EDITING BY INEXPERIENCED WEB WRITERS

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BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY 2006年第2期69卷 205-215页

作者： Dick, Rodney F. Mt Union Coll Alliance OH 44601 USA

This study explores the complicated nature of the interface as a mediational tool for inexperienced writers as they composed hypertext documents. Because technology can become so quickly and inextricably connected to people's everyday lives, it is essential to explore the effects on these technologies before they become invisible. Because inexperienced users are more likely to struggle with the software as they learn to use it, the argument can be made that following the composing processes of such writers--neophytes who are initially learning to use, but have not yet become familiar with the software interface--would reveal more about how such easy-to-use interfaces mediate composing processes. One major hypothesis of this study was that treating the interface as transparent ("masking") can encourage the development of a narrow literacy of limited usefulness. That is, masking can encourage the development of Web-composing literacy that is isolated to a specific interface and ultimately prevents the development of "transferable" technological literacy. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)

关键词： Educational Technology Technological Literacy Technology Education Use Studies Human Factors Engineering Hypermedia Electronic Publishing Web Sites Writing for Publication Interviews computer system design computer Science Education Information Technology

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Evaluation in the design of Complex systems

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PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY 2006年第2期19卷 135-153页

作者： Ho, Li-An Schwen, Thomas M. Tamkang Univ Dept Educ Technol New Taipei Taiwan Indiana Univ Grad Sch Fac Educ Bloomington IN 47405 USA

We identify literature that argues the process of creating knowledge-based system is often imbalanced. In most knowledge-based systems, development is often technology-driven instead of requirement-driven. Therefore, we argue designers must recognize that evaluation is a critical link in the application of requirement-driven development models because it provides the information that keeps the iterative developmental process on track. In this study we took a closer look at the decision-making in the design of a complex performance system in a non-profit organization. The purpose was to gain insights into the roles and functions of evaluation during the process of building a performance support system. This study adopted an exploratory case study as its inquiry method. Findings suggested that effective communication is as important a function to evaluation as is decision-making, and that the implementation of evaluation seldom follows the textbook guidelines. That is, evaluation practice is a patchwork history of the designers' knowledge and experience. Further, neither complexity nor the informality of the evaluation protocols seems to influence the quality of decision-making.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence computer system design Program Effectiveness Performance Technology Decision Making Skills Nonprofit Organizations Evaluation Role Theory Practice Relationship Discovery Learning

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Use of Online Assessment to Enhance Teaching and Learning: the PASS-IT Project

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EUROPEAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL 2006年第2期5卷 122-130页

作者： Ashton, Helen Wood, Christine Heriot Watt Univ Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland Scottish Qualificat Author Glasgow G2 8DQ Lanark Scotland

This article describes a recent collaborative project (PASS-IT) which investigated the use of online assessment in secondary and further education in Scotland. The aim of PASS-IT was to explore the potential of formative and summative assessment in secondary education, and to build on previous research into the applicability and validity of online assessments. An overview of the project is given. Examples of online questions are provided in section 2 with a discussion of some of the issues and benefits. Section 3 outlines the main research findings of the project, which provide evidence for the validity of online assessments.

关键词： Program Effectiveness Foreign Countries Research and Development computer Managed Instruction computer Assisted Instruction Formative Evaluation Educational Cooperation Cooperative Programs Program Descriptions Secondary Education computer system design Instructional ImprovementUnited Kingdom (Scotland)Scotland

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