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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 2000年第2期22卷 171-186页

作者： Lee, FL Heyworth, RM Chinese Univ Hong Kong Fac Educ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

Homework, traditionally done with pencil and paper, can be an effective means of helping students to consolidate what they have learned. When students have problems, some fortunate ones may have immediate assistance from their parents, siblings, or others who act as human tutors. However, most of them have to wait until the next day before they can ask for their teachers' help, so while they are doing their homework, they must resort to other means of overcoming any difficulty which, if unresolved, may become sources of later errors [1] It would be desirable if a personal tutor could be made available to help each student when they encounter homework problems.

关键词： Assignments computer Oriented Programs computer system design computer Uses in Education Educational Technology Expert systems Homework Instructional Effectiveness Intelligent Tutoring systems

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The value of interdisciplinarity: A study based on the design of Internet search engines

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1999年第4期50卷 358-365页

作者： Herring, SD Univ Alabama M Louis Salmon Lib Huntsville AL 35899 USA

Continued development of the Internet requires the development of efficient, easy-to-use search engines. Ideally, such development should call upon knowledge and skills from a variety of disciplines, including computer science, information science, psychology, and ergonomics. The current study is intended to determine whether search engine design shows a pattern of interdisciplinarity, Two disciplines were selected as the focus for the study: computer science, and library/information science. A citation analysis was conducted to measure levels of interdisciplinary research and publishing in internet search engine design and development. The results show a higher level of interdisciplinarity among library and information scientists than among computer scientists or among any of those categorized as "other." This is reflected both in the types of journals in which the authors publish, and in the references they cite to support their work. However, almost no authors published articles or cited references in fields such as cognitive science, ergonomics, or psychology. The results of this study are analyzed in terms of the writings of Patrick Wilson, Bruno Latour, Pierre Bourdieu, Fritz Ringer, and Thomas Pinelli, focusing on cognitive authority within a profession, interaction between disciplines, and information-gathering habits of professionals. Suggestions for further research are given.

关键词： Citation Analysis computer Science computer system design Electronic Publishing Information Science Interdisciplinary Approach Internet Library Science Online Searching World Wide WebSearch Engines

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A study on word-based and integral-bit Chinese text compression algorithms

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1999年第3期50卷 218-228页

作者： Cheng, KS Young, GH Wong, KF Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Comp Kowloon Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Fac Engn Dept Syst Engn & Engn Management Shatin New Territories Peoples R China

Experimental results show that a word-based arithmetic coding scheme can achieve a higher compression performance for Chinese text. However, an arithmetic coding scheme is a fractional-bit compression algorithm which is known to be time consuming, In this article, we change the direction to study how to cascade the word segmentation model with a faster alternative, the integral-bit compression algorithm. It is shown that the cascaded algorithm is more suitable for practical usage, Among several word-based integral-bit compression algorithms, WLZSSHUF achieves the best compression results. Not only can it achieve a comparable compression ratio with a PPM compressor, COMP-2, it demonstrates a faster compression and decompression speed. In the last part of this article, the relation between the accuracy of the word segmentation model (match ratio) and the performance of the compression algorithm (compression ratio) are analyzed. By varying the match ratio, it was discovered that the growth rate of the compression ratio is content-dependent and close to linear. The results of our study will help the practitioners of information retrieval to design word-based compression algorithms for Chinese. This is particularly useful to multilingual digital libraries in which a massive volume of data is often involved.

关键词： Chinese computer system design Electronic Text Information Processing Information systems Language ProcessingText Compression Text Condensation

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Abstracting of legal cases: The potential of clustering based on the selection of representative objects

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1999年第2期50卷 151-161页

作者： Moens, MF Uyttendaele, C Dumortier, J Catholic Univ Louvain Interdisciplinary Ctr Law & IT ICRI B-3000 Louvain Belgium

The SALOMON project automatically summarizes Belgian criminal cases in order to improve access to the large number of existing and future court decisions, SALOMON extracts text units from the case text to form a case summary. Such a case summary facilitates the rapid determination of the relevance of the case or may be employed in text search, An important part of the research concerns the development of techniques for automatic recognition of representative text paragraphs (or sentences) in texts of unrestricted domains, These techniques are employed to eliminate redundant material in the case texts, and to identify informative text paragraphs which are relevant to include in the case summary. An evaluation of a test set of 700 criminal cases demonstrates that the algorithms have an application potential for automatic indexing, abstracting, and text linking.

关键词： Abstracting Access to Information Automatic Indexing Automation computer system design Court Litigation Criminal Law Criminals Foreign Countries Indexing Information systemsBelgiumBelgium

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Interaction in information retrieval: Trends over time

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1999年第12期50卷 1067-1082页

作者： Savage-Knepshield, PA Belkin, NJ Rutgers State Univ Dept Psychol New Brunswick NJ 08093 USA AT&T Bell Labs Lucent Technol Holmdel NJ 07748 USA Rutgers State Univ Sch Commun Informat & Lib Studies New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA

This review examines a sample of interactive information retrieval (IR) systems within the framework of a design challenge set forth by John Bennett in 1971. Bennett directed his challenge to a group of information scientists who attended The User interface for Interactive Search of Bibliographic Data Bases Workshop. During the workshop, participants exchanged their insights and experiences on various aspects of user interface requirements for interactive IR systems and discussed system design features that could result in the design of more effective user interfaces for information retrieval. The main goals of this review are to characterize interactive IR design trends over time, examine the extent to which IR systems have responded to Bennett's design challenge, and to suggest potential future research directions and challenges.

关键词： computer system design History Information Retrieval Information Seeking Information systems Interaction Man Machine systems Research Trend Analysis Users (Information)

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Use of metadata vocabularies in data retrieval

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1999年第13期50卷 1218-1223页

作者： Cortez, EM Univ Wisconsin Sch Lib & Informat Studies Madison WI 53703 USA

Researchers have developed a prototype of a system that uses metadata to guide the user in selecting document databases of interest. A standardized vocabulary is used to index the document sets and is also used to locate databases. Once a database is located, then free-form searches are aided by the metadata vocabulary to locate specific documents. This system, the Research, Education, Economic Information system (REEIS), is being developed for the USDA to provide a way to locate programs, projects, and research that focus on food, agriculture, natural resources, and rural development.

关键词： Access to Information computer system design Data Collection Electronic Text Information Retrieval Information Sources Information systems Metadata Online systems VocabularyDepartment of Agriculture

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Increasing link marker effectiveness for WWW and other hypermedia interfaces: An examination of end-user preferences

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1999年第5期50卷 386-398页

作者： Carlson, JR Kacmar, CJ Univ Utah Sch Accounting & Informat Syst David Eccles Sch Business Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Florida State Univ Dept Informat & Management Sci Tallahassee FL 32306 USA

Hypermedia information systems, especially World Wide Web (WWW) browsers, enhance accessibility of information through networked data management services and direct manipulation user interface features. A major characteristic of these systems is the presentation of entities that signify pathways to additional information. These objects, called link markers, distinguish and designate objects (both textual and graphical) as link endpoints within the information network. It is proposed that the design, layout, and use of link markers within an interface can enhance or impede user performance. This article presents an analysis of link marker designs based on two studies. Recommendations are that, in general, link markers that employ color and bound objects are the most effective in communicating the existence and extent of links and are most preferred by users. However, user expertise and node content are found to play a significant role. In addition, users rate link markers that follow the design prescriptions put forward here as more effective. Finally, recommendations for hypermedia designers are discussed.

关键词： Color computer Interfaces computer system design design Preferences Hypermedia Information systems Screen design (computers) User Needs (Information) User Satisfaction (Information) World Wide WebLinks (Indexing)

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"Graphical" Jogthrough: expert based methodology for user interface evaluation, applied in the case of an educational simulation interface

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computerS & EDUCATION 1999年第4期32卷 285-299页

作者： Demetriadis, S Karoulis, A Pombortsis, A Aristotelian Univ Salonika Dept Comp Sci GR-54006 Salonika Greece

"Walkthrough" and "Jogthrough" techniques are well known;expert based methodologies for the evaluation of user interface design. In this paper we describe the use of "Graphical" Jogthrough method for evaluating the interface design of the Network Simulator, an educational simulation program that enables users to virtually build a computer network, install hardware and software components, make the necessary settings and test the functionality of the network. Graphical Jogthrough is a further modification of a typical Jogthrough method, where evaluators' ratings produce evidence in the form of a graph, presenting estimated proportion of users who effectively use the interface versus the time they had to work with it in order to succeed effectiveness. We comment on the question: "What are the possible benefits and limitations of the Graphical Jogthrough method when applied in the case of educational software interface design?" We present the results of the evaluation session, and concluding from our experience we argue that the method could offer designers quantitative and qualitative data for formulating a useful (though rough in some aspects) estimation about the novice-becoming-expert pace that end users might follow when working with the evaluated interface. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer Graphics computer Interfaces computer Networks computer Oriented Programs computer Simulation computer Software Evaluation computer system design design Requirements Educational Technology Evaluation Methods Screen design (computers) User Needs (Information)

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An experiment on node size in a hypermedia system

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1999年第6期50卷 530-536页

作者： Kim, SH Eastman, CM Univ S Carolina Dept Comp Sci Columbia SC 29208 USA

The node size that should be used in a hypermedia system is an important design issue. Three interpretations of node size are identified: storage (physical size), window sire (presentation size), and length (logical sire). An experiment in which presentation size and text length are varied in a HyperCard application is described. The experiment involves student subjects performing a fact: retrieval task from a reference handbook. No interaction is found between these two independent variables. Performance is significantly better for the Longer texts, but no significant difference is found for the two different window sizes.

关键词： computer Software Development computer system design design Preferences Electronic Text Hypermedia Information Retrieval Information systems Multimedia Materials Screen design (computers)HyperCard

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Conceptual design and deployment of a metadata framework for educational resources on the Internet

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1999年第13期50卷 1182-1192页

作者： Sutton, SA Syracuse Univ Sch Informat Studies Syracuse NY 13210 USA Inst Informat Syracuse NY 13210 USA

The metadata framework described in this article stems from a growing concern of the U.S. Department of Education and its National Library of Education that teachers, students, and parents are encountering increasing difficulty in accessing educational resources on the Internet even as those resources are becoming more abundant. This concern is joined by the realization that as the internet matures as a publishing environment, the successful management of resource repositories will hinge to a great extent on the intelligent use of metadata. We first explicate the conceptual foundations for the Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM) framework including the adoption of the Dublin Core Element Set as its base referent, and the extension of that set to meet the needs of the domain. We then discuss the complex of decisions that must be made regarding selection of the units of description and the structuring of an information space. The article concludes with a discussion of metadata generation, the association of metadata to the objects described, and a general description of the GEM system architecture.

关键词： Access to Information computer system design Educational Resources Information Services Information Sources Information systems Instructional Materials Internet Metadata Online systemsDublin Core Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM)

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