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A digital library for education: the PEN-DOR project

ELECTRONIC LIBRARY 1999年第2期17卷 75-82页

作者： Fullerton, K Greenberg, J McClure, M Rasmussen, E Stewart, D Univ Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

Recent initiatives in digital library research have suggested new models for the creation and organisation of digital information and its dissemination to virtual communities. PEN-DOR (the Pennsylvania Education Network Digital Object Repository) is a digital library designed to provide access to the collective experience of teachers, students and administrators in public schools in building lesson plans and using curriculum materials. Using the WWW as a platform, PEN-DOR incorporates current research in digital libraries to provide K-12 educators with access to multimedia resources and tools to create new lesson plans and presentations, and to modify existing ones. design problems addressed by the project include the design of a distributed, object-oriented database architecture, the description and cataloguing of multimedia objects, and issues related to usability and training for a geographically scattered user community. Two critical aspects of the organisation of this digital library are the development of a method for the persistent identification of resources, and the design of a record structure based on recent developments in metadata. Resource identification has been achieved by adopting a system-wide approach with an upgrade path to the emerging URN standards. In designing a record structure, the PEN-DOR project has elected to use the GEM (Gateway to Educational Materials) metadata standard developed as part of the GEM union catalogue project Content for the database is solicited from project partners, government agencies and educational resources Web sites, as well as from participating teachers. Once incorporated in the repository, materials can be organised in frameworks that form the basis for lessons, tutorials and presentations. As frameworks are developed, used, critiqued and modified, they will form a community memory of past experience. Supported by the state's Link-to-Learn programme, the system will function as a resource for educators througho

关键词： computer system design Curriculum Development Electronic Libraries Elementary Secondary Education Lesson Plans Multimedia Materials Standards World Wide Web

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designing for differences: cultural issues in the design of WWW-based course-support sites

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1999年第3期30卷 201-215页

作者： Collis, B Univ Twente Fac Educ Sci & Technol NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands Univ Twente Ctr Telemat & Informat Technol NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands TeleTOP Project NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands

Culture is a critical influence on the acceptance, use of, and impact of learning resources. WWW-based course-support sites are becoming an increasingly familiar type of learning resource in higher education, How might different aspects of culture be predicted to affect the institution's, instructor's, and student's reactions to WWW-based course-support sites! Hour can such sites be designed to adapt to different expectations and learner preferences, especially those related to culture! This article analyses various of these cultural aspects, and argues that WWW-based course-support sites should be designed to be adaptable to different types of cultural differences through the application of a set of ten design guidelines. An example illustrating the design guidelines, the TeleTOP Method from the University of Twente, is described and evaluated relative to the design guidelines. Important considerations related to feasibility as well as to conceptual and strategic choices are included in the scope of the guidelines;the instructor's cultural ecology requires particular attention. But WWW sites and guidelines in themselves are not enough for cultural flexibility;sensitivity and appropriate responsiveness remain human activities.

关键词： computer Assisted Instruction computer system design computer Uses in Education Courseware Culture Foreign Countries Guidelines Higher Education Multicultural Education World Wide WebUniversity of Twente (Netherlands) Web Sites

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Virtual collaborations in the Spanish class: From e-mail to Web design and CD-ROM development

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 1999年第1期20卷 59-70页

作者： Hellebrandt, J Santa Clara Univ Dept Modern Languages & Literatures Santa Clara CA 95053 USA

Modern technologies can provide language students with authentic content and contextualized, collaborative learning situations. This article illustrates how e-mail exchanges, Web exercises, and CD-ROM development between students in the United States and organizations in Ecuador can promote contextualized and authentic practice of Spanish language and culture as well as the design of mutually beneficial practical applications.

关键词： computer Mediated Communication computer Software Development computer system design computer Uses in Education Electronic Mail Foreign Countries International Communication Optical Data Disks Second Language Instruction Second Language Learning Spanish World Wide WebEcuador United StatesCollaborative Learning Cultural Studies Ecuador United States

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Museum informatics and collaborative technologies: The emerging socio-technological dimension of information science in museum environments

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1999年第12期50卷 1083-1091页

作者： Marty, PF Univ Illinois Spurlock Museum Urbana IL 61801 USA

The museum offers a starting point from which to examine the fundamental nature of collaborative work and interdisciplinary scholarship. This article examines the socio-technological impact of introducing advanced information technology into the Spurlock Museum, a museum of world history and culture at the University of Illinois. It addresses the implementation of such methodologies as computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) and computer-mediated communication (CMC) in the museum environment. Discussions are illustrated with examples and scenarios drawn from the Spurlock Museum and emphasize the intimate relationship between the museum's social structure and information systems. Viewed in a holistic fashion, such studies of collaborative activities within the museum will help shape the future of museum informatics, an emerging sub-discipline of the field of social informatics.

关键词： computer Mediated Communication computer system design Cooperative Programs Higher Education Information systems Information Technology Museums Technology IntegrationTechnology Implementation University of Illinois

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Targeting motivation - Adapting flow theory to instructional design

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 1999年第2期21卷 151-163页

作者： Chan, TS Ahern, TC Marist Coll Dept Comp Sci & Info Syst Poughkeepsie NY 12601 USA Texas Tech Univ Lubbock TX 79409 USA

Flow theory identifies several structural variables that can be manipulated by an instructional designer. Modifying these variables may cause an increase in the likelihood that a learner will be motivated to continue with the lesson. While some researchers suggest activity contents, such as challenge and goal and induce flow experience [1], others hypothesize flow is enhanced by vividness and interactivity of the presentation [2]. This study investigates the effect of activity content, its presentation, and the interactions between the two on flow experience (intrinsic motivation) in instructional activity. The results suggested that the activity content has major influences on motivation, but presentation is a double-edge sword. Hypermedia presentation adds appeals to instructions that motivate students if they are used appropriately. When the content relevance is complicated, complex presentations can be distracting. Consequently, hypermedia elements should be used sparingly at the beginning of a lesson when challenges are high and students are unfamiliar with the material. As the lesson progresses it could be used gradually as the content challenges are reduced.

关键词： computer system design Courseware Hypermedia Instructional design Instructional Development Instructional Materials Interaction Learning Activities Material Development Student Motivation

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design and delivery of integrated learning systems: Their impact on student achievement and attitudes

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 1999年第4期21卷 475-486页

作者： Brush, TA Armstrong, J Barbrow, D Ulintz, L Arizona State Univ Tempe AZ 85287 USA

The purpose of this research was to determine if providing teachers with a wider variety of computer-based resources to integrate with the instructional activities for their students would have a positive effect on student achievement and attitudes. In this study, two variations of Integrated Learning system (ILS) software were available to teachers and students. One type of software ("foundations") was designed to provide students with an individualized learning environment whereby students could complete computer-based reading activities at their own pace, receive feedback from the computer, and move on to the next set of activities. The other type of software ("explorations") was designed as a more open-ended environment, where teachers selected specific activities for students (or groups of students) to complete. Results of the study indicate that the students of teachers who used either the explorations software or a combination of the foundations and explorations software in their instructional activities performed significantly better on standardized achievement measures than students of teachers who used the foundations software. In addition, students who used the explorations software had more positive attitudes toward reading than students who used the foundations software.

关键词： Academic Achievement computer Assisted Instruction computer system design Courseware Elementary Education Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Integrated Learning systems Learning Activities Questionnaires Student Attitudes Technology Integration

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An attempt to design synchronous collaborative learning environments for peer dyads on the World Wide Web

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 1999年第2期21卷 221-253页

作者： Lee, FL Liang, S Chan, TW Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Curriculum & Instruct Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Natl Cent Univ Taipei Taiwan

This article describes the design, implementation, and preliminary evaluation of three synchronous distributed learning prototype systems. Each of these systems supports a particular style of interaction, referred to as a socio-activity learning model, between members of student dyads (pairs). The first two systems, Go-Working system and Working Along system, are realizations of two basic models of collaborative, one-on-one, synchronous, and networked learning, while the third one, the Hybrid system, is a combined model of the two. This work intends to identify a set of domain independent tools necessary for these models and collect information for future development through some preliminary evaluation of some experimental trials of these systems. All these systems were implemented on WWW using the computer language Java.

关键词： Cognitive Style computer Assisted Instruction computer Oriented Programs computer system design Cooperative Learning Educational Environment Instructional design Instructional Development Instructional Effectiveness Interaction World Wide Web

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A case history in applying task analysis in the design of a multimedia cooperative document production system

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1998年第9期49卷 817-831页

作者： Denley, I Whitefield, A UCL Ergon & HCI Unit London WC1H 0AP England Logica PLC London NW1 2PL England

This article describes the design of a prototype multiauthor multimedia document production (MAMMDP) system. In particular, the article concentrates on how the system's tasks were analyzed and represented during the early stages of the design. The aim of the article is to relate our ideas and experiences from the analysis and design work, in the hope that some of them may prove useful to others concerned with MAMMDP. We believe that both the processes and the products of our analysis and design work can be informative about the development of MAMMDP systems.

关键词： computer Software Development computer system design Cooperative Planning Cooperative Programs Diagrams Electronic Publishing Evaluation Methods Information Technology Material Development Multimedia Materials Task AnalysisPrototypes

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A user-centered cooperative information system for medical imaging diagnosis

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1998年第9期49卷 810-816页

作者： Gomez, EJ Quiles, JA Sanz, MF del Pozo, F Univ Politecn Madrid Grp Bioingn & Telemed ETSI Telecomunicac E-28040 Madrid Spain

computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) is one of the most promising technologies aimed to assist medical users located in different clinical sites to access distributed medical imaging information. This article presents a cooperative information system intended for remote medical imaging diagnosis. The main general CSCW problems addressed here are as follows: 1) At a conceptual level: The definition of a procedure for the design of user-centered cooperative systems;and 2) at a technological level: The improvement of user feedback and the optimization of the communication bandwidth in highly interactive CSCW applications for remote access to medical image databases. These technological goals are achieved by developing two main components: A CSCW distributed architecture for synchronous cooperative work and a DICOM medical image database management system. A cooperative system in the field of cardiac angiography images has allowed us to test and validate the user-centered design procedures and the CSCW architectures implemented. Finally, a discussion of experience of the user-centered design and of the implementation of cooperative information systems is also presented.

关键词： Access to Information computer Mediated Communication computer system design Cooperative Programs Databases Feedback Information Sources Information systems Medicine Online systemsMedical Imaging

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Collaboration and conflict in the development of a computerized dispatch facility

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1998年第12期49卷 1090-1100页

作者： Clement, A Halonen, C Univ Toronto Fac Informat Studies Toronto ON M5S 3G6 Canada

Recent research on the social and cultural aspects of systems development work has focused on the work of professional software and systems designers. A complementary approach is to look at the work of end users as systems developers, whose informal systems design work is frequently ignored or undervalued in organizations and by IS researchers. This case study, of an application to facilitate dispatch work in a large organization, describes a history of collaboration and conflict between IS professionals and end users as systems designers. Application development was initiated by end users, the initial programming was carried out by IS professionals in collaboration with end users, and the subsequent implementation and enhancement of the application was shared, and passed back and forth between end users and the organization's IS department over a period of several years. We take a Social Construction of Technology approach to describing this history, examining the mixture of cooperation and conflict between the Dispatch and IS departments in terms of the differing interpretations of the application by the social groups involved in its history, A constructivist approach to studying systems design allows us to recognize the unique expertise end users bring to systems development work, and provides a useful means for describing the political aspects of systems design and implementation over an extended time period.

关键词： Case Studies computer system design Conflict Cooperation Information systems Organizational Climate Users (Information)Organizational Analysis Social Constructivism

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