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A new approach to ITS-curriculum and course authoring: the authoring environment

computerS & EDUCATION 1998年第1期31卷 105-130页

作者： Nkambou, R Frasson, C Gauthier, G Univ Moncton Dept Comp Sci Moncton NB E1A 3E9 Canada Univ Montreal Dept Informat & Rech Operat Montreal PQ H3C 3J7 Canada Univ Quebec Dept Informat Montreal PQ H3C 3P8 Canada

The aim of this paper is to present an authoring environment dedicated to the development of curriculum and course material that can be handled by an Intelligent Tutoring system (ITS). The adopted curriculum model is CREAM (Curriculum Representation and Acquisition Model) which represents subject-matter content from the domain, the pedagogical and the didactic points of view. The authoring environment, called CREAM-Tools, consists of a set of tools able to create and edit all bf the elements (domain knowledge, instructional objective, didactic resources, pedagogical and didactic model) of a curriculum. This set of tools contains, among others, graphical editors, intelligent assistance and knowledge browsers. The environment also includes a course generation kit that allows a designer to generate a course by specifying a target public and a course description. This paper also presents curriculum and course development approaches (methodologies). The delivery of curriculums and courses produced from this environment is done by an object-oriented ITS. The teaching process is supported by new technologies such as World-Wide Web browsers. We also show ways in which other modules in an intelligent tutoring system can exploit the resulting curriculums and courses in the teaching-learning process. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Authoring Aids (Programming) computer Assisted Instruction computer system design Course Content Curriculum Development Educational Technology Expert systems Instructional design Intelligent Tutoring systems Material Development Tutorial Programs

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Hypermedia systems for improving knowledge, understanding and skills in engineering degree courses

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computerS & EDUCATION 1998年第1期31卷 69-88页

作者： Hill, M Bailey, JD Reed, PAS Univ Southampton Dept Mech Engn Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England Univ Southampton Dept Mat Engn Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

Two contrasting computer based learning applications have been introduced into engineering degree courses. Both are based upon the "open" hypermedia approach, and both use Microcosm to organise and link resources, and Toolbook to present much of the material. One of the applications uses a traditional, "linear", tutorial style approach, while the other presents students with-a design problem and provides them with a large and diverse amount of poorly structured information which the students have to use to generate an engineering design. Both applications were;evaluated in several ways and analysis of the responses leads to the conclusion that carefully written computer based applications can be effective not only for teaching basic knowledge at this level, but can also be used as a means of allowing students to develop skills in complex areas such as generating solutions to open-ended mechanical engineering design problems. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer Assisted Instruction computer system design Educational Technology Engineering Education Higher Education Hypermedia Instructional Material Evaluation Multimedia Materials Skill Development Teaching Methods Undergraduate Study

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Robustness of well-designed retrieval performance measures under optimal user behavior

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1998年第4期49卷 356-363页

作者： Conlon, JR Conlon, SJ Univ Mississippi Dept Management & Mkt Div Management Informat Syst University MS 38677 USA Univ Mississippi Dept Econ & Finance University MS 38677 USA

This article considers a simple model of an information retrieval (IR)technology, and uses this model to examine performance measures for in systems. In particular, we show that, if a user is employing an in system optimally, then reasonable performance measures will tend to be relatively robust, or insensitive, to small variations in assumptions about the user's behavior. A simple empirical illustration of this approach is reported, though more work will be needed to determine exactly how robust performance measures will be in practical applications.

关键词： computer system design Information Retrieval Information Seeking Information systems Information Technology Online Searching Performance Factors Users (Information)Performance Monitoring

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Microwave Workshop for Windows

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computerS & EDUCATION 1998年第1-2期30卷 125-129页

作者： White, C Univ Portsmouth Div Phys Portsmouth PO1 2DT Hants England

"Microwave Workshop for Windows" is a suite of three programs which have been designed to perform the dual function of teaching aid and providing a circuit design utility within the field of microwave engineering. The three programs have been written in Visual Basic and reside in a Windows group entitled "Microwave Workshop". The first program, "Smith Chart", isa computer representation of a graphical design tool, and, traditionally, has been an area of cognitive difficulty for students. The second program, entitled "Microwave Laboratory", is an accurate visual and analytical representation of a microwave test bench. The third program, "Swept Frequency" is a more advanced version of the "Microwave Workshop". The package has been available on the Science Faculty computer network for 3 years and is now established among the science student community and is considered an essential element in the assortment of support learning resources. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Authoring Aids (Programming) computer Graphics computer system design computer Uses in Education Engineering Higher Education Instructional Materials Telecommunications Visual Aids WorkshopsMicrosoft Windows

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Pragmatic user model implementation in an intelligent help system

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1998年第2期29卷 113-123页

作者： Fernandez-Manjon, B Fernandez-Valmayor, A Fernandez-Chamizo, C Univ Complutense Madrid Escuela Super Informat E-28040 Madrid Spain

We present an intelligent help system for the Unix operating system called Aran, Aran is a passive, knowledge-based help system whose main goal is to help users deal with problems related to Unix operation, Aran gives the user access to different kinds of information, and it is designed to help the user accomplish a given task, while, at the same time, expanding the user's knowledge of the operating system, In order to accomplish its job Aran is endowed with an explicit representation of both domain specific knowledge and a pragmatic user model (UM) that takes into account the individual's characteristics. In Aran, user modelling is dynamic and based on stereotypes. The UM is implemented with the same representation environment, Loom, used in the rest of the knowledge base (KB) modules, This environment is based on a description logics formalism that facilitates the construction and maintenance of all the modules.

关键词： computer Interfaces computer system design Expert systems Indexing Individual Characteristics Knowledge Representation Models Pragmatics Stereotypes User Needs (Information) Users (Information)Help systems User Characteristics Domain Knowledge UNIX Operating system

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An evaluation of a multi-sensory speaking-computer based system (Starcross-IDL) designed to teach the literacy skills of reading and spelling

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1998年第3期29卷 211-224页

作者： Scrase, R Sidney Sussex Coll Cambridge England

The "Indirect Learning" (IDL) system is a speaking-computer based multisensory system for teaching literacy skills, The IDL system has several unique features: these are the facility to independently adjust the colour of the monitor screen and the text colour, the masking of incorrect typed responses, the incorporation of a touch-typing course into a remedial programme, the echoing back of children's spoken responses by the computer, and the integration of all these features into over one thousand carefully graduated exercises, This evaluation describes the system and measures how effectively the system remediated the reading and spelling in a sample of 150 children and adults, The effectiveness of the IDL system for different individuals varied between the extremes of having no significant effect and improving reading age at a rate of 6 months for one month of the programme, and spelling age by 6.6 months/month so that normal reading and spelling abilities were quickly attained, The average rates of improvement for the group in reading and spelling were 2.15 and 2.17 months/month respectively. These results demonstrate that this learning system is effective, especially when it is considered that this sample had previous rates of reading gain of on average 0.58 months/month, and 0.49 months/month for spelling, This shows an average improvement in the rate of learning to read and spell by a factor of about 4 times, The resilience of the system is demonstrated by the fact that the sample group were supervised by different tutors in different teaching centres, and that the sample group had different needs, The variation of responses within the sample group to the IDL programme were found to be correlated to factors that are known to contribute to poor reading skills, eg, having poor phonological skills and/or Meares-Irlen Syndrome (Wilkins, 1996), the age of the subject, and the quantity of exercises completed.

关键词： Adults Children computer Assisted Instruction computer system design Educational Technology Information systems Instructional Effectiveness Literacy Multisensory Learning Reading Instruction Spelling InstructionPhonological Skills

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"Who is who": the roles in an intelligent system for foreign language terminology learning

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1998年第1期29卷 47-57页

作者： Dimitrova, V Dicheva, D Univ Sofia Fac Math & Informat Sofia 1164 Bulgaria

ITELS is an intelligent system for foreign language terminology learning. It is aimed not only at assisting language learning focused on specific terminology but also at enhancing learner's conceptual knowledge in the subject area, The system could be tuned to aid learning in different terminological areas and supports three styles of tutoring: system-initiated, collaborative, and learner-initiated, Three agents take part in the instructional process supported by ITELS: the human teacher, the system, and the learner, Each of them is an active agent characterised by a set of specific roles with respect to the system functioning, In this paper we describe ITELS with emphasis on the roles of these agents.

关键词： computer Assisted Instruction computer system design Expert systems Intelligent Tutoring systems Second Language Learning Student Role Teacher Role Teaching Methods Vocabulary

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Meeting the needs of teachers and students within the CESAR training system

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1998年第1期29卷 35-45页

作者： Diaz, P Aedo, I Torra, N Miranda, P Martin, M Univ Carlos III Madrid Dept Comp Sci Lab DEI E-28911 Leganes Spain

computers seem to be an unquestionably useful tool to support the learning process, although positive students' and teachers' attitude towards the system is required to guarantee a successful introduction of new technologies in traditional classrooms, Training or exercises provide the students with the challenge of using their knowledge to solve concrete problems, so that they incite students to participate actively, Training can be adapted to different learning styles in order to strengthen student involvement. Moreover, tools to adapt the didactic material to several educational methods must be provided, in such a way that teachers consider the system a helpful tool rather than a substitute, Taking into account the foregoing, this paper describes a training system to create and use exercises in a hypermedia learning environment for hearing-impaired children called CESAR.

关键词： computer Assisted Instruction computer system design Disabilities Hearing Impairments Hypermedia Instructional Materials Material Development Multimedia Materials Special Needs Students

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Trust and Accountability: Preserving Human Values in Interactibnal Experience

Trust and Accountability: Preserving Human Values in Interac...

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1998 ACM Conference on Human Factors and Computing systems, CHI 1998

作者： Friedman, Batya Grudin, Jonathan Mathematics and Computer Science Colby College WatervilleME04901 United States Information and Computer Science University of California Irvine IrvineCA92717 United States

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Organizational influences on the university electronic library

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INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 1997年第3期33卷 377-392页

作者： Davies, C International Institute for Electronic Library Research Division of Learning Development De Montfort University Hammerwood Gate Kents Hill Milton Keynes MK7 6HP U.K.

This paper reviews the literature on full-text electronic library (and digital library) research and development, to discuss the organizational factors which can impact on electronic library development. Such factors, it is argued, affect not only the overall success of an electronic library project within a higher education institution, but also and more specifically the usability of the final system for its staff and student end-users. Usability is taken to involve more than merely the surface user interface of a system. Relevant statements and findings in the literature are set within the context of an organizational framework, which emphasizes the influences of each stakeholder group on the end-users' experience of the system. It is concluded that system design may be improved by further research into the real behaviour of students and academics, coupled with a broader view of the organizational context in which development takes place. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： Academic Libraries computer system design Document Delivery Electronic Libraries Full Text Databases Higher Education Library Development Library Instruction Literature Reviews Organizational Climate Strategic Planning Users (Information)User Training

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