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Writing with collaborative hypertext: Analysis and modeling

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1997年第11期48卷 1049-1066页

作者： Chen, CM GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIV DEPT COMP STUDIESGLASGOW G4 0BALANARKSCOTLAND

This work explores a novel approach to the analysis and modeling of computer supported collaborative writing. The aim of this dynamic modeling approach is to capture the structure of user behavior as they interact with a computer system. Markov chains models are derived from the empirical data on the use of the system. These models are compared so as to highlight how the dynamic structure of collaborative writing is affected by factors such as the level of users' experience with the system and workspaces for different writing projects. A workspace is associated with a collaborative writing project in terms of both its structure and content. The study shows that the patterns of interactive behaviors of the users were clearly influenced by the system design. Users' experience and workspaces both significantly affected the structure of interactive behaviors in collaborative writing. Users intensively used the system for exploration, organization, and composition tasks in collaborative writing, whereas the use of collaboration facilities of the system was transient in nature. The descriptive-prescriptive nature of the approach has the advantage of reducing the complexity of computer supported collaborative writing down to a more manageable level at which investigators;can concentrate more directly on the essence of the dynamics. The experience from the study suggests that this approach is worth pursuing, and it may be fruitfully generalized by integrating with other process modeling techniques and the mainstream practice of software engineering.

关键词： Behavior Collaborative Writing computer Oriented Programs computer system design Cooperative Planning Hypermedia Information Technology Interaction Models Users (Information)Collaborative Research

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Automatic text structuring and categorization as a first step in summarizing legal cases

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INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 1997年第6期33卷 727-737页

作者： Moens, MF Uyttendaele, C Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium

The SALOMON system automatically summarizes Belgian criminal cases in order to improve access to the large number of existing and future court decisions. SALOMON extracts relevant text units from the case text to form a case summary. Such a case profile facilitates the rapid determination of the relevance of the case or may be employed in text search. In a first important abstracting step SALOMON performs an initial categorization of legal criminal cases and structures the case text into separate legally relevant and irrelevant components. A text grammar represented as a semantic network is used to automatically determine the category of the case and its components. In this way, we are able to extract from the case general data and to identify text portions relevant for further abstracting. It is argued that prior knowledge of the text structure and its indicative cues may support automatic abstracting. A text grammar is a promising form for representing the knowledge involved. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： Abstracting Access to Information Automation computer system design Court Litigation Criminal Law Evaluation Methods Foreign Countries Futures (of Society) Information Retrieval Relevance (Information Retrieval) Text StructureBelgiumParsing Knowledge Acquisition Belgium Semantic Networks

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Managing the web-enhanced geographic information service

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JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 1997年第6期23卷 498-504页

作者： Stephens, D Univ Virginia Lib Charlottesville VA 22903 USA

The Web offers an exciting opportunity for geographic information services in the library. It presents both increased visibility and the challenge of providing meaningful service in an untested environment.

关键词： Academic Libraries computer system design Document Delivery Information Services Library Collection Development Library Services Nonprint Media Technology Integration Visual Aids World Wide WebSpatial Characteristics of Data Geographic Information systems University of Virginia

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Instructional design issues for electronic performance support systems

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1997年第2期28卷 103-110页

作者： Milheim, W PENN STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PKPA 16802

Electronic performance support systems are becoming a significant software resource in many corporate organisations due to their potential to improve human performance while decreasing the time required for users to obtain information or instruction. While these software tools are extremely powerful, they must include highly effective individual components and a powerful, yet intuitive, human-computer interface. The present article summarises and reviews instructional design issues for these increasingly popular software tools and provides suggestions for developing an effective electronic performance support system for a given organisational setting.

关键词： computer Software computer system design Databases Educational Technology Improvement Programs Instructional design Job Performance Organizational Development Performance TechnologyPerformance Support systems

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The utility of spatial and temporal organization in digital library construction

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JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 1997年第6期23卷 475-483页

作者： Hunt, L Ethington, PJ Univ So Calif ISLA IDA Project Ctr Scholarly Technol Leavey Lib 119 Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

Full realization of the digital library concept includes the potential of infinite, integrated growth in materials, genres, and formats. The universal parameters of space (geographical location) and time can be used to augment conventional item description and provide general means to integrate disparate materials, subject matter, and non-textual formats.

关键词： Academic Libraries computer system design Higher Education Indexes Indexing Information Retrieval Information Services Information Technology Maps Nonprint MediaUniversity of Southern California Geographic Information systems Digital Technology

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A comparative study of major OPACs in selected academic libraries for developing countries - User study and subjective user evaluation

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INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION & LIBRARY REVIEW 1997年第1期29卷 67-83页

作者： Park, I KEIMYUNG UNIV DEPT LIB & INFORMAT SCITAEGU 704701SOUTH KOREA

The lack of an understanding of the characteristics, skills, and searching abilities of a specific user group in computer-based information systems hinders library and information science professionals in making the best decisions when designing, acquiring and managing information systems. The objective of this study was to provide information on the characteristics of a specific group of international college students from a developing country, in order to assist system managers in the selection of OPACs. The major conclusions of this study are: (1) academic level of study and age of the students affect the preference for the type of OPAC system selected, but the academic major of the students does not affect the preference;(2) system designers should prepare more specific instructions regarding searching methods;(3) system designers should focus on the design of the system menu, since the most common method of learning about OPAC systems was the instructions in the menu;and (4) menu-driven systems should be the first selection of OPAC systems for Korean students. Recommendations are proposed when designing, adopting, or managing a new OPAC system. Topics for further studies on the characteristics of OPAC systems and their use are also suggested. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

关键词： Academic Libraries College Students Comparative Analysis computer system design Developing Nations Higher Education Korean Library Catalogs Library Research Online Catalogs Online systems Use Studies User Needs (Information)TexasTexas

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Managing geospatial data and services

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JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 1997年第6期23卷 469-473页

作者： Lamont, M Penn State Univ Pattee Lib University Pk PA 16802 USA

Geographic information systems (GIS) are commonly misconceived as expensive and complicated map makers. Although GISs do create maps, they manipulate, organize, and display information, and aid in data documentation a... 详细信息

关键词： Access to Information computer system design Information Management Information Services Information Technology Maps Visual AidsGeographic Information systems Digital Data

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The desk area network

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1997年第3期9卷 143-152页

作者： McAuley, DR Leslie, IM UNIV CAMBRIDGE COMP LABCAMBRIDGE CB2 3QGENGLAND

The authors describe their experiences with a novel architecture, the 'Desk Area Network', for use within a computing end-system. The architecture extended several concepts used in modern high-speed networks into computer system design, with the goal of building a platform able to supply 'quality of service' in support of multimedia applications.

关键词： DESK ARCHITECTURE Building construction experience MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION High-speed networks Legal Services computer system design Quality of service

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Information filtering via hill climbing, WordNet, and index patterns

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INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 1997年第5期33卷 633-644页

作者： Mock, KJ Vemuri, VR UNIV CALIF DAVIS DEPT COMP SCIDAVISCA 95616 UNIV CALIF DAVIS DEPT APPL SCILIVERMORECA 94550

The recent growth of the Internet has left many users awash in a sea of information. This development has spawned the need for intelligent filtering systems. This paper describes work implemented in the INFOS (Intelligent News Filtering Organizational system) project that is designed to reduce the user's search burden by automatically categorizing data as relevant or irrelevant based upon user interests. These predictions are learned automatically based upon features taken from input articles and collaborative features derived from other users. The filtering is performed by a hybrid technique that combines elements of a keyword-based hill climbing method, knowledge-based conceptual representation via WordNet, and partial parsing via index patterns. The hybrid system integrating all these approaches combines the benefits of each while maintaining robustness and scalability. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： Access to Information computer Software Development computer system design Expert systems Hypermedia Indexing Information Retrieval Information Technology Keywords Online systems Relevance (Information Retrieval) User Needs (Information)Filters WordNet Database Conceptual Approach Parsing

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Artificial tutoring systems: What computers can and can't know

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 1997年第2期16卷 107-124页

作者： Frick, TW Indiana Univ Sch Educ Bloomington IN 47405 USA

After more than four decades, development of artificially intelligent tutoring systems has been constrained by two interrelated problems: knowledge representation and natural language understanding. G. S. Maccia's epistemology of intelligent natural systems implies that computer systems will need to develop qualitative intelligence before these problems can be solved. Recent research on how human nervous systems develop provides evidence for the significance of qualitative intelligence. Qualitative intelligence is required for understanding of culturally bound meanings of signs used in communication among intelligent natural systems. S. I. Greenspan provides neurological and clinical evidence that emotion and sensation are vital to the growth of mind-capabilities that computer systems do not currently possess. Therefore, we must view computers in education as media through which a multitude of teachers can convey their messages. This does not mean that the role of classroom teachers is diminished. Teachers and students can be empowered by these additional learning resources.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence computer Assisted Instruction computer system design computer Uses in Education computers Expert systems Information systems Intelligent Tutoring systems Knowledge Representation Natural Language Processing Teachers Technological Advancement

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