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TAKING THE PLUNGE WITH CLEM - THE design AND EVALUATION OF A LARGE-SCALE CAL system

computerS & EDUCATION 1994年第1-2期22卷 19-26页

作者： BOYLE, T GRAY, J WENDL, B DAVIES, M MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIV FAC SCI & ENGN DEPT COMP CHESTER ST MANCHESTER M1 5G LANCS ENGLAND

This paper describes the design, use and evaluation of a computer assisted learning package for first year university programming. The system, called CLEM, provides a resource rich, 'guided discovery' learning environment. It was developed by extending the CORE design approach, with a particular emphasis placed on enhanced interactivity and flexibility. CLEM was implemented using the hypertext tool, Guide, and delivered in a lab of 32 PCs running under Windows 3. It was used by over 200 students following four different course streams. The CAL system was the predominant method used by these students for learning Modula-2, the first year programming language. The students' reactions were assessed through observation, discussion and a formal questionnaire. The system was rated highly on ease of use, ease of learning and as a preferred method of learning. The main design features of the system were individually rated very highly. Performance on the programming module was compared with a baseline period prior to the introduction of the CAL system. Marked reductions in failure rate were achieved on the full time courses. The results provide strong support for the effectiveness of properly implemented computer assisted learning in higher education.

关键词： Academic Achievement computer Assisted Instruction computer Science Education computer system design Educational Environment Evaluation Methods Foreign Countries Higher Education Instructional Effectiveness Program Implementation Programming Programming Languages Questionnaires Student AttitudesUnited Kingdom (Great Britain)Interactive systems Great Britain

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I/O ISSUES IN A MULTIMEDIA system

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computer 1994年第3期27卷 69-74页

作者： REDDY, ALN WYLLIE, JC IBM Almaden Res. Center San Jose CA

In a multimedia server, disk requests can require constant data rates and guaranteed service. The authors discuss the impact of the real-time nature of I/O requests on various I/O system components as well as the impact of disk scheduling algorithms on the performance of a multimedia system. This article describes a hybrid scheduling algorithm, Scan-EDF (earliest deadline first), which combines a real-time policy such as EDF with a seek-optimizing policy such as CScan (circular Scan). It then shows how Scan EDF can support a larger number of realtime streams and simultaneously provide better response times to aperiodic requests. The authors also investigate the impact of buffer space on the maximum number of video streams that can be supported. Then they show that even more streams can be supported by using delayed deadlines and larger requests. Of the two techniques, they prefer delayed deadlines, which provide better response times to aperiodic requests. When multiple disks are connected to the system through a single bus such as SCSI (for Small computer systems Interface), SCSI bus scheduling can add extra delays to individual requests. The authors examine the impact of priority-driven arbitration of a SCSI bus on disk throughput. They then show that deadline extension helps to increase system throughput when multiple disks are connected on a single SCSI bus.

关键词： I/O issues SCSI bus contention buffer storage computer system design constant data rate continuous media deferred deadlines disk scheduling earliest deadline first file servers input-output programs least slack time first local area network multimedia computing multimedia server multimedia system multimedia systems peripheral interfaces playback applications processor scheduling real-time I/O throughput real-time demands real-time request real-time systems scheduling scheduling policies service phases small computer systems interface bus system demands

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INN - AN INTELLIGENT NEGOTIATING NEURAL-NETWORK FOR INFORMATION-systemS - A design-MODEL

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INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 1994年第5期30卷 663-685页

作者： MEGHABGHAB, GV MEGHABGHAB, DB VALDOSTA STATE UNIV INSTRUCT TECHNOL VALDOSTA GA 31698 USA

Research on the use of online catalogs reveals that information retrieval by subject is the most common form, but the least successful. Most problems are attributed to users' search terms, which are either too broad or too specific. We present an Intelligent Negotiating Neural Network (INN) design model for solving this aspect of online catalogs. The network is designed to act as an electronic information specialist capable of learning to negotiate a patron's query and translate it into a true, well formulated statement prior to accessing an online catalog. The network's architecture includes four dimensions: conceptual graphs for queries, inheritance and recognition, knowledge base, and modules. This architecture corresponds to four elements of the traditional query negotiation interview performed by information specialists. These are: query/concept;types of sources/answer-providing tools;types of literature;and time frame. Three different sessions of the user interface are presented: negotiation of a broadly stated query;negotiation of a narrowly stated query;and negotiation of a query for which concepts are nonexistent in the knowledge base.

关键词： computer system design Expert systems Illustrations Information Retrieval Library Catalogs Man Machine systems Models Online Catalogs Problems Reference Services Screen design (computers) Subject Index Terms Use Studies Users (Information)Examples Neural Networks Query Formulations Query Negotiation (Library Science)

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ADVENTURES WITH THE WORLD WIDE WEB - CREATING A HYPERTEXT LIBRARY INFORMATION-system

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DATABASE 1994年第1期17卷 59-&页

作者： POWELL, J VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV LIB POB 90001BLACKSBURGVA 24062 USA

Describes World Wide Web (WWW), a client/server system for use with electronic information. Topics discussed include HyperText Markup Language; Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS); Gopher; Uniform Resource Locator; creating a hypertext version of an electronic journal; and developing a library information system. (Contains six references.) (LRW)

关键词： Academic Libraries computer Networks computer Software computer system design Electronic Journals Higher Education Hypermedia Information Networks Information Retrieval Information systems Interlibrary Loans Library Automation Library Catalogs Online CatalogsLibrary computer systems Electronic Records World Wide Web Internet Client Server systems Wide Area Information Servers Gopher

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INFORMATION-SCIENCE OBSERVED - NEW MEDIA AND PRODUCTIVITY IN A GROUP OF UK PRACTITIONERS

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JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 1994年第4期50卷 291-315页

作者： DAVENPORT, E INDIANA UNIV SCH LIB & INFORMAT SCI BLOOMINGTON IN 47405 USA

The paper presents the results of the author's recent study of new media and productivity in a group of UK information scientists. The journal article was the primary focus of the study. Publishing was modelled in terms of stakeholder groups and analysed using a methodology from systems design, with the discipline of information science interpreted as a virtual site. The methodology used was qualitative, as the author intended to capture perceptions of social and economic practice, as well as descriptions of that practice. The outcome of the analysis is a profile of the group who were observed which is grounded in their perceptions of the publishing process, their perceptions of the research process, and their working habits.

关键词： Authors Community Attitudes computer Mediated Communication computer system design Content Analysis Electronic Publishing Foreign Countries Information Scientists Interviews Models Online Searching Periodicals Publishing Industry Qualitative Research Research Needs Writing for PublicationUnited KingdomGrounded Theory Journal Articles United Kingdom Academic Community

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The Development of computer-Aided Careers Guidance systems: Politics and Economics v. Project Management

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British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 1994年第2期22卷 273-77页

作者： Closs, S. J

Watts (1993) attributes problems encountered in developing computer-aided career guidance systems to political and economic issues rather than technical or professional ones, a conclusion based largely on experience with the UK PROSPECT system. Offers an alternative view which draws attention to the role of project management in creating some of these problems. (Author)

关键词： Administration computer Software Development computer system design Feasibility Studies Higher Education Pilot Projectscomputer Assisted Career Guidance UK PROSPECT

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computer ENVIRONMENTS FOR LEARNING GEOMETRY

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 1994年第2期10卷 173-197页

作者： CLEMENTS, DH BATTISTA, MT KENT STATE UNIV KENT OH 44242 USA

Given their graphic capabilities, computers may facilitate the construction of geometric concepts. Comparative media research, however, reveals few differences between media;alterations in curricula or teaching strategies might also explain the positive results of many studies that compare computer to noncomputer media. Yet, there remain certain computer functions that noncomputer media may not easily duplicate. This article reviews research to describe such functions of construction-oriented environments and to evaluate their unique contributions to students' learning of geometry. Implications for the design of geometric computer environments for geometry education are drawn.

关键词： computer Assisted Instruction computer system design Courseware Elementary School Mathematics Geometric Constructions Geometry Literature Reviews Mathematics InstructionTheoretical Analysis LOGO Programming Language

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The Development of computer-Aided Careers Guidance systems: A Response to Closs

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British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 1994年第2期22卷 279-83页

作者： Pierce-Price,R.P. Corscaden,J.S

Responds to Closs' (1994) article concerning the project management concerns of the UK PROSPECT system. Suggests that the problems encountered in the implementation of UK PROSPECT were not caused by project manage... 详细信息

关键词： computer Software Development computer system design Economic Factors Feasibility Studies Higher Education Pilot Projects Political Influencescomputer Assisted Career Guidance UK PROSPECT

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OPTIMAL TASK ALLOCATION IN HYPERCUBE MULTIPROCESSOR ENSEMBLES

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computerS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS 1993年第12期26卷 17-24页

作者： PRICE, CC SALAMA, M JET PROP LAB PASADENACA 91109

Criteria are established to determine the optimal policy for allocating a set of uniform tasks onto a multiprocessor hypercube ensemble. It is shown that the optimal policy depends on the ratio of computation to intertask communication required by the distributed program, and that based on this ratio, tasks should be placed either all on one processor or uniformly distributed over the largest possible hypercube.

关键词： SCHEDULING MULTIPROCESSORS computer system design TASK ALLOCATION INTERTASK COMMUNICATION

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HYPERTEXT AND LEARNING STYLES

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ELECTRONIC LIBRARY 1993年第1期11卷 13-18页

作者： ELLIS, D FORD, N WOOD, F UNIV SHEFFIELD DEPT INFORMAT STUDIESSHEFFIELD S10 2TNS YORKSHIREENGLAND

The project was designed to provide a framework for a comprehensive user evaluation of both software packages and hypertext environments. User evaluation constituted an integral part of the design and development process. The learning packages and hypertext systems were evaluated in terms of the extent to which they provide flexibility for learners to follow their preferred learning styles. Evaluation was carried out in relation to: (1) hypertext packages;(2) learning styles and learning outcomes;and (3) system design. Two sets of learning experiments were conducted. In the first, the package related to '1992' - the Single European Market - was tested with postgraduate MBA and Information Studies students, whose individual learning approaches were assessed. In the second, the package was in the field of food and wine and was tested with further education students on a catering course. Those with a holist predisposition strongly favoured the use of global features such as the map. On the other hand, serialists preferred the rapid access allowed by the index. The 'Wine and Food' experiment, with a smaller sample, produced no significant findings to reinforce the '1992' results. However, there was an interesting positive correlation (though not statistically different) between field dependence and performance on the learning test. Cognitive styles were demonstrated to be a significant component of individual behaviour within the hypertext environment. Providing a variety of tools optimised for Preferred modes of usage creates a rough equality of overall task-related performance between those with differing cognitive styles, and allows the user to evolve an appropriate strategy for effective performance. The 'lost in hyperspace' phenomenon was rarely evident and may be eliminated by improved semantic content in navigational aids. Hypertext has been confirmed as a useful medium for searching, learning and recall, but must include as many alternative modes of usage as pos

关键词： Business Cognitive Style computer Assisted Instruction computer Software Evaluation computer system design Correlation Data Analysis Databases Evaluation Methods Foreign Countries Higher Education Hypermedia Information Retrieval Interviews Pretests Posttests Questionnaires Research Needs Training User Needs (Information)University of Sheffield (England)

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