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Africanus I. Scalable, distributed and efficient radio data processing with Dask-MS and Codex Africanus

ASTRONOMY AND COMPUTING 2025年 52卷

作者： Perkins, S. J. Kenyon, J. S. Andati, L. A. L. Bester, H. L. Smirnov, O. M. Hugo, B. V. South African Radio Astron Observ SARAO Cape Town South Africa Rhodes Univ Ctr Radio Astron Tech & Technol RATT Dept Phys & Elect Makhanda EC South Africa Natl Inst Astrophys INAF IRA Inst Radioastron Bologna Italy

The physical configuration of new radio interferometers such as MeerKAT, SKA, ngVLA and DSA-2000 informs the development of software in two important areas. Firstly, tractably processing the sheer quantity of data produced by new instruments necessitates subdivision and processing on multiple nodes. Secondly, the sensitivity inherent in modern instruments due to improved engineering practices and greater data quantities necessitates the development of new techniques to capitalize on the enhanced sensitivity of modern interferometers. This produces a critical tension in radio astronomy software development: a fully optimized pipeline is desirable for producing science products in a tractable amount of time, but the design requirements for such a pipeline are unlikely to be understood upfront in the context of artefacts unveiled by greater instrument sensitivity. Therefore, new techniques must continuously be developed to address these artefacts and integrated into a full pipeline. As Knuth reminds us, "Premature optimization is the root of all evil". This necessitates a fundamental trade-off between a trifecta of (1) performant code (2) flexibility and (3) ease-of-development. At one end of the spectrum, rigid design requirements are unlikely to capture the full scope of the problem, while throw-away research code is unsuitable for production use. This work proposes a framework for the development of radio astronomy techniques within the above trifecta. In doing so, we favour flexibility and ease-of-development over performance, but this does not necessarily mean that the software developed within this framework is slow. Practically this translates to using data formats and software from the Open Source Community. For example, by using NuMPy arrays and/or PANDAS dataframes, a plethora of algorithms immediately become available to the scientific developer. Focusing on performance, the breakdown of Moore's Law in the 2010s and the resultant growth of both multi-core an

关键词： Standards Techniques Interferometric computer systems organization Pipeline computing Software and its engineering Data flow architectures Cloud computing Interoperability Scheduling Distributed systems organizing principles Multithreading

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Demo2Test: Transfer Testing of Agent in Competitive Environment with Failure Demonstrations

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND METHODOLOGY 2025年第2期34卷 1-28页

作者： Chen, Jianming Wang, Yawen Wang, Junjie Xie, Xiaofei Wang, Dandan Wang, Qing Xu, Fanjiang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software Beijing Peoples R China Singapore Management Univ Singapore Singapore

The competitive game between agents exists in many critical applications, such as military unmanned aerial vehicles. It is urgent to test these agents to reduce the significant losses caused by their failures. Existing studies mainly are to construct a testing agent that competes with the target agent to induce its failures. These approaches usually focus on a single task, requiring much more time for multi-task testing. However, if the previously tested tasks (source tasks) and the task to be tested (target task) share similar agents or task objectives, the transferable knowledge in source tasks can potentially increase the effectiveness of testing in the target task. We propose Demo2Test for conducting transfer testing of agents in the competitive environment, i.e., leveraging the demonstrations of failure scenarios from the source task to boost the testing effectiveness in the target task. It trains a testing agent with demonstrations and incorporates the action perturbation at key states to balance the number of revealed failures and their diversity. We conduct experiments in the simulated robotics competitive environments of MuJoCo. The results indicate that Demo2Test outperforms the best-performing baseline with improvements ranging from 22.38% to 87.98%, and 12.69% to 60.98%, in terms of the number and diversity of discovered failure scenarios, respectively.

关键词： computer systems organization Reliability Software and its engineering Software testing and debugging Computing methodologies Adversarial learning

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Exploring Function Granularity for Serverless Machine Learning Application with GPU Sharing

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF COMPUTING systems 2025年第1期9卷 1-28页

作者： Hui, Xinning Xu, Yuanchao Shen, Xipeng North Carolina State Univ Raleigh NC 27695 USA Univ Calif Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA

Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in machine learning (ML) inferences on serverless computing due to its auto-scaling and cost-effective properties. However, one critical aspect, function granularity, has been largely overlooked, limiting the potential of serverless ML. This paper explores the impact of function granularity on serverless ML, revealing its important effects on the SLO hit rates and resource costs of serverless applications. It further proposes adaptive granularity as an approach to addressing the phenomenon that no single granularity fits all applications and situations. It explores three predictive models and presents programming tools and runtime extensions to facilitate the integration of adaptive granularity into existing serverless platforms. Experiments show adaptive granularity produces up to a 29.2% improvement in SLO hit rates and up to a 24.6% reduction in resource costs over the state-of-the-art serverless ML which uses fixed granularity.

关键词： computer systems organization Cloud Computing Computing methodologies Planning and scheduling

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MagKey: Empowering Wearables with Ballistocardiography-based Key Generation through Magnetic Field Vibration Sensing

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON INTERACTIVE MOBILE WEARABLE AND UBIQUITOUS TECHNOLOGIES-IMWUT 2025年第1期9卷 1-28页

作者： Huang, Junying Guo, Xiuzhen Gu, Chaojie Miao, Yuchen He, Shibo Shu, Yuanchao Chen, Jiming Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Peoples R China

JIMING Zhejiang University, Symmetric key generation based on biometrics has emerged as a promising solution for wearables pairing. Among various biometrics, heartbeats offer significant potential owing to their inherent randomness and spontaneity. Ballistocardiography (BCG), in particular, stands out for its accessibility and inclusivity, as it measures the body's recoil forces in response to cardiac blood ejection into the vasculature. However, traditional approaches to BCG suffer from challenges in sensing on wearables and limited key generation rates. To this end, this paper presents MagKey, a system that enables wearables with BCG-based key generation. MagKey overcomes the difficulties in effective BCG sensing by translating skin vibration caused by recoil forces into magnetic field vibration (MFV). Moreover, MagKey demonstrates that the peak-to-peak trend (PPT) of MFV signals can reliably extract keys, and thus improve the key generation rate. To mitigate the impact of noise and motion artifacts on key generation, MagKey employs analog filters and a peak screening method for signal processing. We implement MagKey on a one-layer flexible printed circuit (FPC) and a two-layer printed circuit board (PCB). Extensive experiments show the usability and effectiveness of MagKey. Furthermore, our security analyses illustrate the scheme's resilience against potential attacks.

关键词： Human-centered computing Ubiquitous and mobile computing systems and tools Security and privacy Authentication computer systems organization Embedded and cyber-physical systems

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Unsupervised Training Framework for 3D Point Cloud Object Detection Model 25

Unsupervised Training Framework for 3D Point Cloud Object De...

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Proceedings of the 40th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing

作者： Min-Jyun Wu Hsiang-Jui Lin Shih-Hao Hung Chi-Sheng Shih Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan High Performance and Scientific Computing (HPSC) Center National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Center of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706295

Point cloud data frames are critical, if not indispensable, for precise robot navigation and localization, but training the object detection models for them remains challenging. Many models require labeled 3D objects to train the model. However, the sparse and occluded 3D point cloud data make it difficult, if not impossible, to automate the labeling process. This work proposes a training framework to generate 3D labels on point clouds to tackle the aforementioned challenges. The proposed method takes advantage of the consecutive presence of the same object on different frames to automate the labeling process. The experimental results show that the unsupervised framework trains a robust model for 3D object detection. On the roadside data, the model archives 90.27% AP for scooters and 91.33% AP for cars. On nuScenes dataset, the framework demonstrates the detection precision doubles on IoU 0.25 and IoU 0.5 when the recalls remain similar, compared to the model trained by the MODEST framework.

关键词： computer systems organization

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Fast worm containment using feedback control

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING 2007年第2期4卷 119-136页

作者： Dantu, Ram Cangussu, Joao W. Patwardhan, Sudeep Univ N Texas Dept Comp Sci Denton TX 76203 USA Univ Texas Dept Comp Sci Richardson TX 75083 USA Sipera Syst Richardson TX 75081 USA

In a computer network, network security is accomplished using elements such as firewalls, hosts, servers, routers, intrusion detection systems, and honey pots. These network elements need to know the nature or anomaly of the worm a priori to detect the attack. Modern viruses such as Code Red, Sapphire, and Nimda spread quickly. Therefore, it is impractical if not impossible for human mediated responses to these fast-spreading viruses. Several epidemic studies show that automatic tracking of resource usage and control provides an effective method to contain the damage. In this paper, we propose a novel security architecture based on the control system theory. In particular, we describe a state-space feedback control model that detects and control the spread of these viruses or worms by measuring the velocity of the number of new connections an infected host makes. The mechanism's objective is to slow down a worm's spreading velocity by controlling ( delaying) the number of new connections made by an infected host. A proportional and integral ( PI) controller is used for a continuous control of the feedback loop. The approach proposed here has been verified in a laboratory setup, and we were able to contain the infection so that it affected less than 5 percent of the hosts. We have also implemented a protocol for exchanging control-specific information between the network elements. The results from the simulation and experimental setup combined with the sensitivity analysis demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the approach.

关键词： computer systems organization communication/networking and information technology general network-level security and protection computer systems organization special-purpose and application-based systems process control systems

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Once Upon a Pocket: Programmable Calculators from the Late 1970s and Early 1980s and the Social Networks Around Them

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IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING 2012年第3期34卷 55-66页

作者： Ristanovic, Dejan Protic, Jelica Univ Belgrade Sch Elect Engn Belgrade 11001 Serbia

Programmable pocket calculators of the mid-1970s opened up a new segment of the personal computing devices market. Calculator users established clubs, magazines, and conferences, and their interaction with manufacturers shaped the products' further development. This article explores one of the understudied roots of personal computing, through the evolution of the user communities formed around the TI-59 and HP-41C calculators.

关键词： Calculators Software Development History Microcomputers Calculators Random Access Memory Programming Hewlett Packard Calculators Software Libraries Microcomputers Registers Random Access Memory Programming Personal computers History Of Computing computer System Implementation computer systems organization Electronics Programmable Calculators TI 59 HP 41 C Texas Instruments

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Adding a New Dimension to HTTP Adaptive Streaming Through Multiple-Source Capabilities

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IEEE MULTIMEDIA 2018年第3期25卷 65-78页

作者： Bruneau-Queyreix, Joachim Lacaud, Mathias Negru, Daniel Batalla, Jordi Mongay Borcoci, Eugen Univ Bordeaux Bordeaux France Viotech Commun Versailles France Univ Bordeaux ENSEIRB MATEMCA Bordeaux France Warsaw Univ Technol Warsaw Poland Univ Politehn Bucuresti Elect Telecommun & Informat Technol Fac Bucharest Romania

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) have become the de-facto solutions to deliver video over the Internet that increase end-user's Quality of Experience (QoE). We propose to extend HAS with MS-Stream, a pragmatic solution for multiple-source streaming over HTTP that simultaneously utilizes several servers to obtain higher QoE in distributed infrastructures.

关键词： Hypermedia Internet Quality Of Experience Transport Protocols Video Servers Video Streaming Multiple Source Capabilities MS Stream Multiple Source Streaming Distributed Infrastructures Servers Quality Of Experience Internet HTTP Adaptive Streaming Servers Bit Rate Streaming Media Protocols Throughput Multimedia Communication computer systems organization Communication Networking And Information Technology Distributed systems Client Server Information Technology And systems Information Interfaces And Representation HCI Multimedia Information systems Image Video Retrieval

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FPGA Designs with Optimized Logarithmic Arithmetic

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON computerS 2010年第7期59卷 1000-1006页

作者： Fu, Haohuan Mencer, Oskar Luk, Wayne Stanford Univ Dept Geophys Stanford CA 94305 USA Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Comp London SW7 2AZ England

Using a general polynomial approximation approach, we present an arithmetic library generator for the logarithmic number system (LNS). The generator produces optimized LNS arithmetic libraries that improve significantly over previous LNS designs on area and latency. We also provide area cost estimation and bit-accurate simulation tools that facilitate comparison between LNS and floating-point designs.

关键词： Reconfigurable hardware special-purpose and application-based systems computer systems organization computer arithmetic general numerical analysis mathematics of computing

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Processor design in 3D die-stacking technologies

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IEEE MICRO 2007年第3期27卷 31-48页

作者： Loh, Gabriel H. Xie, Yuan Black, Bryan Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA Penn State Univ University Pk PA 16802 USA Intel Labs Austin TX USA

Three-dimensional die-stacking integration stacks multiple layers of processed silicon with a very high-density, low-latency layer-to-layer interconnect. after presenting a brief background on 3d die-stacking technology, this article gives multiple case studies on different approaches for implementing single-core and multicore 3d processors and discusses how to design future microprocessors given this emerging technology.

关键词： Processor Architectures computer systems organization 3 D Integration

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