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computer algorithms FOR RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE DURING THE GALVANNEAL PROCESS

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE 1994年第3期25卷 459-462页

作者： ZENTNER, LK DEWITT, DP WHITE, DA GASKELL, DR PURDUE UNIV SCH MAT ENGN W LAFAYETTE IN 47907 USA PURDUE UNIV SCH MECH ENGN W LAFAYETTE IN 47907 USA INLAND STEEL CORP E CHICAGO IN 46312 USA

A set of computer algorithms has been developed to facilitate the measurement of temperature by radiometry during the galvannealing of steel strip. During the galvanneal process, the emissivity of the surface of the strip increases rapidly from a value of approximately 0.2 for the highly specular surface of the liquid zinc coating to a value as high as 0.8 for the surface of the diffuse intermetallic layer that is formed. Reliable noncontact measurement of temperature during galvannealing requires an approach that can accommodate and compensate for this large and rapid change in emissivity. The galvanneal process was simulated in 63 laboratory tests during which the temperature was measured by a thermocouple, and spectral radiance was measured using a dual-wavelength radiation thermometer (DWRT). The emissivity of the surface was obtained from these data. The tests were conducted at galvannealing temperatures of 753, 793, and 833 K and simulated line speeds of 60, 80, and 100 m/min. The laboratory data were used to develop a linear dual-wavelength emissivity compensation algorithm to infer the temperature of the strip to within +/-20 K. The iron content of the galvannealed layers varied in the range 5 to 13 pct, and measurements of surface roughness gave arithmetic roughness values in the range 1 to 3 mum.

关键词： Zinc coatings RADIOMETRY Ribbon Device Component noncontact measurement computer algorithms Strip steel Surfaces Thermocouple Temperature Roughness measurement hot dip galvanizing Emissivity fast-switching

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Strategic adaptation of humans playing computer algorithms in a repeated constant-sum game

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AUTONOMOUS AGENTS AND MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS 2013年第1期27卷 131-160页

作者： Spiliopoulos, Leonidas Univ New S Wales Sch Econ Australian Sch Business Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

This paper examines strategic adaptation in participants' behavior conditional on the type of their opponent. Participants played a constant-sum game for 100 rounds against each of three pattern-detecting computer algorithms designed to exploit regularities in human behavior such as imperfections in randomizing and the use of simple heuristics. Significant evidence is presented that human participants not only change their marginal probabilities of choosing actions, but also their conditional probabilities dependent on the recent history of play. A cognitive model incorporating pattern recognition is proposed that capture the shifts in strategic behavior of the participants better than the standard non-pattern detecting model employed in the literature, the Experience Weighted Attraction model (and by extension its nested models, reinforcement learning and fictitious play belief learning).

关键词： Learning Pattern detection computer algorithms Constant sum games Experience weighted attraction Repeated games

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A program for fractal and multifractal analysis of two-dimensional binary images: computer algorithms versus mathematical theory

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GEODERMA 2006年第3-4期134卷 284-294页

作者： Perrier, Edith Tarquis, Ana M. Dathe, Annette GEODES Unite Rech UR079 Ctr IRD Ile France F-93143 Bondy France UCT Dept Math & Appl Math ZA-7701 Cape Town South Africa ETS Ingn Agron Dept Appl Math Agr Engn Madrid 28040 Spain Cornell Univ Dept Biol & Environm Engn Ithaca NY 14853 USA

In this paper we present a tool to carry out the multifractal analysis of binary, two-dimensional images through the calculation of the Renyi D(q) dimensions and associated statistical regressions. The estimation of a (mono)fractal dimension corresponds to the special case where the moment order is q=0. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer algorithms MATHEMATICAL models algorithms MATHEMATICAL analysis

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Online self-calibration for mobile vision based on laser imaging and computer algorithms

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OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING 2011年第6期49卷 680-692页

作者： Munoz Rodriguez, J. Apolinar Ctr Invest Opt AC Leon 37150 Gto Mexico

A self-calibration technique for mobile three-dimensional vision is presented. This technique determines the vision parameters during the vision task based on computer algorithms and image processing. The three-dimensional vision is performed by a Bezier network based on laser line projection. This network provides the data to perform the online self-calibration when the vision system is modified. Here, the changes of the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters are determined. The structure of the network is performed by the line shifting provided by the surface depth. From this structure, the data for the initial calibration and online self-calibration are deduced. In this manner, the calibrated references and physical measurements are avoided to perform the online self-calibration. Therefore, calibration limitations caused by online modifications are overcome to perform the mobile vision. Thus, the proposed self-calibration improves the accuracy and performance of the mobile vision. It is because online data of calibrated references are not passed to the vision system. This procedure represents a contribution in the field of the online recalibration, which is performed based on calibrated references. To elucidate this contribution, an evaluation is performed based on the self-calibration methods, which are reported in the recent years. Also, the time processing is described. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Online self-calibration Mobile vision computer algorithms

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Do regression-based computer algorithms for determining the ventilatory threshold agree?

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JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES 2008年第9期26卷 967-976页

作者： Ekkekakis, Panteleimon Lind, Erik Hall, Eric E. Petruzzello, Steven J. Iowa State Univ Dept Kinesiol Ames IA 50011 USA Elon Univ Dept Hlth & Human Performance Elon NC USA Univ Illinois Dept Kinesiol & Commun Hlth Urbana IL 61801 USA

The determination of the ventilatory threshold has been a persistent problem in research and clinical practice. Several computerized methods have been developed to overcome the subjectivity of visual methods but it remains unclear whether different computerized methods yield similar results. The purpose of this study was to compare nine regression-based computerized methods for the determination of the ventilatory threshold. Two samples of young and healthy volunteers (n=30 each) participated in incremental treadmill protocols to volitional fatigue. The ventilatory data were averaged in 20-s segments and analysed with a computer program. Significant variance among methods was found in both samples (Sample 1: F=11.50;Sample 2: F=11.70, P < 0.001 for both). The estimates of the ventilatory threshold ranged from 2.47 litres . min(-1) (71% (V) over dotO(2max)) to 3.13 litres . min(-1) (90% (V) over dotO(2max)) in Sample 1 and from 2.37 litresmin-1 (67% (V) over dotO(2max)) to 3.03 litres . min(-1) (83%(V) over dotO(2max)) in Sample 2. The substantial differences between methods challenge the practice of relying on any single computerized method. A standardized protocol, likely based on a combination of methods, might be necessary to increase the methodological consistency in both research and clinical practice.

关键词： gas exchange threshold anaerobic threshold computer algorithms limits of agreement

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DEVELOPMENT OF computer algorithms FOR RADIATION TREATMENT PLANNING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS 1989年第6期16卷 1367-1376页

作者： CUNNINGHAM, JR Physics Division Ontario Cancer Institute Toronto Canada.

As a result of an analysis of data relating tissue response to radiation absorbed dose the ICRU has recommended a target for accuracy of .+-. 5 for dose delivery in radiation therapy. This is a difficult overall objective to achieve because of the many steps that make up a course of radiotherapy. The calculation of absorbed dose is only one of the steps and so to achieve an overall accuracy of better than .+-. 5% the accuracy in dose calculation must be better yet. The physics behind the problem is sufficiently complicated so that no exact method of calculation has been found and consequently approximate solutions must be used. The development of computer algorithms for this task involves the search for better and better approximate solutions. To achieve the desired target of accuracy a fairly sophisticated calculation procedure must be used. Only when this is done can we hope to further improve our knowledge of the way in which tissues respond to radiation treatments.

关键词： computer algorithms Dose calculation Treatment planning Tissue response Calculation methods Accuracy in radiotherapy

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Empowering Digital Innovation by Diverse Leadership in ICT – A Roadmap to a Better Value System in computer algorithms

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Humanistic Management Journal 2022年第1期7卷 117-134页

作者： Weber-Lewerenz, Bianca Vasiliu-Feltes, Ingrid Bianca Weber-Lewerenz Engineering Aichtal Germany University of Miami Coral Gables FL United States

Diverse leadership in information and communication technology (ICT) can be defined as an approach to empower digital innovation. Digital innovation is a key driver of digital and business transformation. This process demands human transformation to complement business transformation in order to achieve long term sustainability. Changing the culture, fostering an inclusive mindset and guaranteeing diversity are challenging yet foundational elements in building a legacy and require inclusive digital ethics leadership. Our society needs to undergo disruptive and transformative changes in order to adapt to exponential technological advances in the educational, professional, cultural and governance fields. The digital era holds great potential for increased inclusion, reduction or even closure of the „Gender Leadership Gap “in all industries, especially in the Construction and IT industry, Research and Development sectors, as well as in Academia where women are still underrepresented. This article analyzes how diverse leadership in ICT is a moral imperative for our society, emphasizes the need to recalibrate and reshape our approach and highlights the benefits of leveraging women’s potential in the social, digital and business transformation arenas. This article aims to fill an ‘ethical vacuum’ brought to light by the emerging technologies` revolution, focuses on both ethical and data governance aspects in digital innovation and offers approaches to answer how diverse leadership can contribute towards avoiding gender bias, optimizing inclusion and further improve crucial digital ethics aspects in data-driven technologies - such as algorithmic bias, fairness, transparency in AI. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Artificial intelligence computer algorithms Data governance Digitization Diverse leadership Emerging technology Ethics Gender Bias

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Improved diagnosis through digital mammography with the assistance of computer algorithms

Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie

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Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie 2001年第2期123卷 117-122页

作者： Diekmann, F. Grebe, S. Bick, U. Paepke, S. Hamm, B. Institut für Radiologie Charité Campus Mitte D-10117 Berlin Schumannstr. 20/21 Germany

Objective: The aim of this survey was to determine improved diagnostics through digital mammography with assistance of computer algorithms and new investigation techniques. Material and methods: In general, the presented procedures are practicable with all digital mammography procedures. In our clinic the largest clinical experience exists with the only FDA certified full field mammography device Senographe 2000D (GE Medical Systems). Results: First results from initial studies are shown, which are to evaluate the new procedures. The so-called post processing with visualization of microcalcifications, computer-assisted diagnosis, tomosynthesis, energy subtraction, contrast media in mammography and teleradiology are considered in particular. Conclusion: Digital mammography represents a promising procedure, opening new possibilities for improved diagnostic in mammography.

关键词： computer algorithms computer-assisted diagnosis Digital mammography

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Automated generators of examples and problems for studying computer algorithms A study on students' decisions

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INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND SMART EDUCATION 2019年第3期16卷 204-218页

作者： Lui, Andrew Kwok-Fai Poon, Maria Hiu Man Wong, Raymond Man Hong Open Univ Hong Kong Sch Sci & Technol Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate students' decisions in example-based instruction within a novel self-regulated learning context. The novelty was the use of automated generators of worked examples and problem-solving exercises instead of a few handcrafted ones. According to the cognitive load theory, when students are in control of their learning, they demonstrate different preferences in selecting worked examples or problem solving exercises for maximizing their learning. An unlimited supply of examples and exercises, however, offers unprecedented degree of flexibility that should alter the decisions of students in scheduling the instruction. Design/methodology/approach ASolver, an online learning environment augmented with such generators for studying computer algorithms in an operating systems course, was developed as the experimental platform. Students' decisions related to choosing worked examples or problem-solving exercises were logged and analyzed. Findings Results show that students had a tendency to attempt many exercises and examples, especially when performance measurement events were impending. Strong students had greater appetite for both exercises and examples than weak students, and they were found to be more adventurous and less bothered by scaffolding. On the other hand, weak students were found to be more timid or unmotivated. They need support in the form of procedural scaffolding to guide the learning. Originality/value This study was one of the first to introduce automated example generators for studying an operating systems course and investigate students' behaviors in such learning environments.

关键词： Worked examples Problem solving computer algorithms Operating systems Learning Cognitive load theory Self-regulated learning computer science education

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EVALUATION OF THE S-PHASE DISTRIBUTION OF FLOW CYTOMETRIC DNA HISTOGRAMS BY AUTORADIOGRAPHY AND computer algorithms

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CYTOMETRY 1980年第2期1卷 109-117页

作者： SHECK, LE MUIRHEAD, KA HORAN, PK UNIV ROCHESTER MED CTRDEPT PATHOLDIV ANALYT CYTOLROCHESTERNY 14642

Cell sorting and tritiated thymidine autoradiography were used to define the distribution of S phase cells in flow cytometric DNA histograms obtained from exponential mouse lymphoma cells (L5178Y). The numbers of labeled S phase cells, autoradiorgraphically determined from cells sorted at 2-channel intervals in the G 1 /early S and late S/G 2 M regions of the histogram, were compared with the numbers of computed S phase cells in comparable 2-channel intervals as predicted by several computer algorithms used to extract cell cycle phase distributions from DNA histograms. Polynomial and multirectangle algorithms gave computed estimates of total %S in close agreement with the tritiated thymidine labeling index for the cell population, while multi-Gaussian algorithms underestimated %S. Interval autoradiographic and algorithm studies confirmed these results in that no significant differences were found between the autoradiographic S phase distribution and S phase distributions calculated by the polynomial and multirectangle models. However, S phase cells were significantly underestimated in G 1 /early S by a constrained multi-Gaussian model and in both G 1 /early S and late S/G 2 by an unconstrained multi-Gaussian model. For the particular cell line (L5178Y), staining protocol (mithramycin following ethanol fixation) and instrumentation (Coulter TPS-2 cell sorter) used in this study, close agreement between computed %S and tritiated thymidine labeling index was found to be a reliable indicator of an algorithm's success in resolving S phase cells in the G 1 /S and S/G 2 transition regions of the DNA histograms.

关键词： DNA histogram analysis computer algorithms 3H-TdR autoradiography cell sorting S phase histogram distribution

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