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Control of airflow in ventilation systems using embedded systems on microcontrollers

MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS 2019年第11期25卷 4067-4076页

作者： Gama, Felipe O. S. Martins, Jose K. E. da C. de Miranda, Tiago F. Tome, Willy M. de F. Silva, Sergio N. Fernandes, Marcelo A. C. Fed Univ Rio Grande Norte UFRN Dept Comp Engn & Automat BR-59078970 Natal RN Brazil

This paper describes the development of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for regulation of the airflow in a ventilation system. The flow was adjusted by controlling the speed of the fan installed in the system. The PID control algorithm was developed for an embedded system in an Atmega 2560 microcontroller contained in an Arduino Mega development kit, where the airflow rate was detected by a Hall-effect sensor that generated a pulsed signal at a frequency proportional to the speed of the fan. Simulation results were used to parameterize the control algorithm, minimizing the benchtop development time. Full details of the procedure are presented in order to assist future PID proposals involving embedded systems in microcontrollers.

关键词： Ventilation Systems fan-in Embedded systems Proportional derivative control Microcontrollers computer algorithms

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A Yaw Stability Control Algorithm for Four-Wheel Independently Actuated Electric Ground Vehicles considering Control Boundaries

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2015年第1期2015卷 1-10页

作者： Lin, Cheng Xu, Zhifeng Zhang, Ru Beijing Inst Technol Natl Engn Lab Elect Vehicle Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Pan Asia Tech Automot Ctr Shanghai 201201 Peoples R China

A hierarchical control algorithm of direct yaw moment control for four-wheel independently actuated (FWIA) electric ground vehicles is presented. Sliding mode control is adopted to yield the desired yaw moment in the higher layer of the algorithm due to the possible modeling inaccuracies and parametric uncertainties. The conditional integrator approach is employed to overcome the chattering issue, which enables a smooth transition to a proportional + integral-like controller, with antiwindup, when the system is entering the boundary layer. The lower level of the algorithm is given to allocate the desired yaw moment to four wheels by means of slip ratio distribution and control for a better grasp of control boundaries. Simulation results, obtained with a vehicle dynamics simulator, Carsim, and the Matlab/Simulink, show the effectiveness of the control algorithm.

关键词： computer algorithms ELECTRIC vehicles FOUR-wheel drive vehicles SLIDING mode control UNCERTAINTY PARAMETER estimation

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Support vector machine based semi-active control of structures: a new control strategy

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STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS 2011年第6期20卷 711-720页

作者： Li, Chunxiang Liu, Qing Shanghai Univ Dept Civil Engn Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China

The present paper presents the support vector machine (SVM)-based semi-active control algorithm used for designing general dampers for multistorey structures under earthquakes. First, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller for the numerical model of a multistorey structure formulated using the dynamic dense method is obtained by using the classic LQR control theory. Then, a SVM model is designed and trained to emulate the performance of the LQR controller. Likewise, this SVM model comprises the observers and controllers of the control system. Finally, in accordance with the features of general semi-active dampers, a SVM-based semi-active control strategy is put forward. More specifically, an online auto-feedback semi-active control strategy is developed and then realized by resorting to SVM. In order to numerically verify the control effectiveness of the present control strategy, the time history analysis has been implemented to a structure with general dampers designed by the SVM-based semi-active control algorithm. In numerical simulations, four seismic waves including the El Centro, Hachinohe and Kobe waves, as well as the Shanghai artificial wave, whose peak ground accelerations are all scaled to 0.1 g, are taken into consideration. Comparative results demonstrate that general semi-active dampers designed using the SVM-based semi-active control algorithm is capable of providing higher level of response reduction. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Support Vector Network control systems seismic waves time history control strategy control effect DAMPER Controllers semi-active control computer algorithms linear quadratic regulators

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A compact FPGA-based processor for the Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-256

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computerS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2014年第1期40卷 194-202页

作者： Garcia, Rommel Algredo-Badillo, Ignacio Morales-Sandoval, Miguel Feregrino-Uribe, Claudia Cumplido, Rene Univ Istmo Tehuantepec Oaxaca Mexico CINVESTAV Tamaulipas Lab Tecnol Informac Tamaulipas Mexico Coordinac Ciencias Computac Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Elctron Mexico City DF Mexico

This work reports an efficient and compact FPGA processor for the SHA-256 algorithm. The novel processor architecture is based on a custom datapath that exploits the reusing of modules, having as main component a 4-input Arithmetic-Logic Unit not previously reported. This ALU is designed as a result of studying the type of operations in the SHA algorithm, their execution sequence and the associated dataflow. The processor hardware architecture was modeled in VHDL and implemented in FPGAs. The results obtained from the implementation in a Virtex5 device demonstrate that the proposed design uses fewer resources achieving higher performance and efficiency, outperforming previous approaches in the literature focused on compact designs, saving around 60% FPGA slices with an increased throughput (Mbps) and efficiency (Mbps/Slice). The proposed SHA processor is well suited for applications like Wi-Fi, TMP (Trusted Mobile Platform), and MTM (Mobile Trusted Module), where the data transfer speed is around 50 Mbps. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： FIELD programmable gate arrays MICROPROCESSORS DATA security HASHING (computer science) computer algorithms computer systems

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Power-efficient real-time solution for adaptive vision algorithms

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IET computerS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 2015年第1期9卷 16-26页

作者： Tabkhi, Hamed Sabbagh, Majid Schirner, Gunar Northeastern Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02115 USA

This study focuses on embedded realisation of adaptive vision algorithms, and illustrates the challenges using mixture of Gaussian (MoG) background subtraction. MoG is a frequently used adaptive vision kernel, for example, for surveillance applications. It involves massive computation and communication demands, which renders a software approach infeasible considering a 1 W power budget. To address these challenges, the authors employ a systematic system-level design approach and first analyse the demands at high-level, explore opportunities for bandwidth reduction, and derive a customised system-level specification. Based on the system-level exploration, this study then proposes a communication-centric architecture template that simplifies implementing embedded adaptive vision algorithms. To achieve high efficiency, they propose to separate steaming and algorithm-intrinsic traffic. This allows customising the traffic handling based on role of the data, as well as simplifying interconnecting multiple heterogeneous nodes. The authors demonstrate the benefits of traffic separation and the communication-centric architecture template based on MoG. They realise MoG on the Zynq-7000 SoC processing 1080p 30 Hz stream in real-time. The MoG processing kernel consists of 77 pipeline stages operating at 148.5 MHz. The authors' solution is more than 600 x faster than an ARM Cortex-A9 with 666 MHz. It only consumes 151 mW of on-chip power operating in real-time.

关键词： computer algorithms REAL-time computing GAUSSIAN mixture models (Statistics) ADAPTIVE computing systems HETEROGENEOUS computing KERNEL (Mathematics) BANDWIDTHS

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Computation planning in multiprocessor real time automated control systems with an additional resource

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AUTOMATION AND REMOTE CONTROL 2015年第3期76卷 487-492页

作者： Furugyan, M. G. Russian Acad Sci Dorodnicyn Comp Ctr Moscow Russia

We consider the problem of composing an admissible schedule with interruptions for a multiprocessor real time ACS in case when directive intervals are given, processors may have arbitrary performances, and the durations of jobs depend linearly on the amount of additional resource assigned to them. We develop algorithms based on a reduction of the original problem to a minimal cost flow problem and to a linear programming problem.

关键词： AUTOMATIC control MULTIPROCESSORS -- Performance REAL-time control COST control LINEAR programming computer algorithms

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Dynamic Rig for Validation of Control algorithms at High Angles of Attack

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JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT 2017年第5期54卷 1760-1771页

作者： Ignatyev, Dmitry I. Sidoryuk, Maria E. Kolinko, Konstantin A. Khrabrov, Alexander N. TsAGI Flight Dynam & Control Syst Dept 1 Zhukovsky St Moskovskaya Oblast 140180 Russia TsAGI Unsteady Aerodynam Div Dynam & Control Syst Dept 1 Zhukovsky St Moskovskaya Oblast 140180 Russia

The dynamics of a modern aircraft at high angles of attack is complicated, with hazardous phenomena such as wing rock, stall, and spin. The paper presents a technique for cost-effective and safe studying of conventional and critical flight regimes and control validation using an autonomous scaled aircraft model mounted in a three-degree-of-freedom gimbal in a wind tunnel. The similarity of the dynamics at high angles of attack of the wind-tunnel model and the free-flying model is demonstrated. To suppress the wing rock and to prevent the stall, two control laws are designed using linear matrix inequalities and model reference adaptive control techniques. The controllers are tested in a semifree flight of the autonomous scaled model in the wind tunnel. Wing rock suppression and stall and spin prevention are demonstrated.

关键词： HIGH ANGLES High angle of attack Wind Aircraft models scale models dynamics wing rock model reference adaptive control computer algorithms ANGLE OF ATTACK

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Derivation of test set for detecting multiple missing-gate faults in reversible circuits

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computerS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2013年第2期39卷 225-236页

作者： Kole, Dipak K. Rahaman, Hafizur Das, Debesh K. Bhattacharya, Bhargab B. St Thomas Coll Engn & Technol CSE Dept Kolkata India Bengal Engn & Sci Univ Dept Informat Technol Sibpur India Jadavpur Univ Dept Comp Sc & Engg Kolkata India Indian Stat Inst ACM Unit Kolkata India

Logic synthesis of reversible circuits has become an important problem because of its relevance to the emerging area of quantum computation. Special types of quantum gates such as k-CNOT may be deployed to implement a reversible circuit. Although the classical stuck-at fault model is widely used for modeling defects in conventional CMOS circuits, new approaches, namely single missing-gate fault (SMGF), repeated-gate fault (RGF), partial missing-gate fault (PMGF), and multiple missing-gate fault (MMGF), have been found to be more befitting for modeling defects in quantum k-CNOT gates. This article presents an algorithm to derive a test set (TS) for detection of multiple missing-gate faults in a reversible circuit implemented with k-CNOT gates. It is shown that TS is sufficient to detect all single missing-gate faults (SMGFs) and all detectable repeated gate faults (RGFs). Experimental results on test set for some benchmark circuits are reported, which compare favorably with earlier findings. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： ELECTRIC circuits LOGIC circuits QUANTUM theory ELECTRIC fault location computer algorithms COMPARATIVE studies computer systems

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Graph-Based Word Alignment for Clinical Language Evaluation

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COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS 2015年第4期41卷 549-578页

作者： Prud'hommeaux, Emily Roark, Brian Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY USA Google Inc Portland OR 97204 USA

Among the more recent applications for natural language processing algorithms has been the analysis of spoken language data for diagnostic and remedial purposes, fueled by the demand for simple, objective, and unobtrusive screening tools for neurological disorders such as dementia. The automated analysis of narrative retellings in particular shows potential as a component of such a screening tool since the ability to produce accurate and meaningful narratives is noticeably impaired in individuals with dementia and its frequent precursor, mild cognitive impairment, as well as other neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this article, we present a method for extracting narrative recall scores automatically and highly accurately from a word-level alignment between a retelling and the source narrative. We propose improvements to existing machine translation-based systems for word alignment, including a novel method of word alignment relying on random walks on a graph that achieves alignment accuracy superior to that of standard expectation maximization-based techniques for word alignment in a fraction of the time required for expectation maximization. In addition, the narrative recall score features extracted from these high-quality word alignments yield diagnostic classification accuracy comparable to that achieved using manually assigned scores and significantly higher than that achieved with summary-level text similarity metrics used in other areas of NLP. These methods can be trivially adapted to spontaneous language samples elicited with non-linguistic stimuli, thereby demonstrating the flexibility and generalizability of these methods.

关键词： Natural language processing (computer science) computer algorithms Oral communication Nervous system -- Diseases Mild cognitive impairment Translations

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Power quality improvement of single phase weak grid interfaced hybrid solar PV and wind system using double fundamental signal extracter-based control

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2019年第17期13卷 3988-3998页

作者： Gupta, Tripurari Nath Murshid, Shadab Singh, Bhim Indian Inst Technol Delhi Dept Elect Engn New Delhi 110016 India

In this study, a double fundamental signal extracter using third-order signal integrator-based control technique is used for the improvement of power quality of single phase grid interfaced with hybrid wind energy generation system (WEGS) and solar photovoltaic (PV) array under weak grid conditions. The control algorithm is proposed for the extraction of dual fundamental components of load current and to extract fundamental grid voltage for synchronisation to the grid. The main objective of the system is to establish secure, reliable and safe integration while mitigating several power quality issues such as total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current, DC current injection. The system operates in distribution static compensator mode in the absence of renewable energy sources and also, maintains the grid current THD as per the limit of the IEEE-519 standard. For optimal power extraction from WEGS as well as the solar PV array, perturb and observe algorithm is used. The prototype developed in the laboratory is tested under different operating conditions such as variable wind speed, grid voltage sag/swell, variable solar insolation, and varying load conditions.

关键词： Power quality load current gate voltage Total harmonic distortion single phase power extraction Solar PV Renewable energy computer algorithms Grid computing photovoltaic array Quality Improvement Control technology variable amplitude loading doffing system

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