In future burning-plasma tokamaks like ITER, one of the main problems will be controlling the plasma density and temperature during long pulses in order to regulate the fusion power density. Such problem, known as bur...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781509045839
In future burning-plasma tokamaks like ITER, one of the main problems will be controlling the plasma density and temperature during long pulses in order to regulate the fusion power density. Such problem, known as burn control, requires the development of control algorithms in which modulation of the deuterium (D) and tritium (T) fueling rates may play an important role as an actuator. However, unmeasurable variations of the D-T concentration are expected in the fueling lines during such long-pulse operation. Therefore, there will be a need for robust burn controllers that can regulate the plasma density and temperature in spite of the presence of uncertainties in the D-T concentration in the fueling lines. In this work, a nonlinear controller is presented which is able to regulate the burn condition even in the presence of the aforementioned uncertainties. The controller performance is tested in simulations for a burning-plasma ITER-like scenario.
The Smart Grid paradigm is influenced primarily by the need to integrate renewable energy from wind and solar resources. Two main tools that have been proposed to carry out integration are (i) decision and control tha...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781457721588
The Smart Grid paradigm is influenced primarily by the need to integrate renewable energy from wind and solar resources. Two main tools that have been proposed to carry out integration are (i) decision and control that makes use of all available information via a cyber-physical infrastructure that includes communication, and computation, (ii) Demand Response (DR), the concept of controlling loads using smart meters and devices as well as economic signals. Given that the pertinent information is available at multiple time-scales and from multiple sources, decision and control algorithms need to necessarily have a distributed, hierarchical structure. In this paper, we propose a distributed cyber-physical control architecture to match energy supply to energy load at the sub-transmission and distribution levels. A hierarchical model of the overall cyber-physical energy system is introduced, and includes the dynamics of the grid at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. With a goal of ensuring frequency regulation using optimal allocation of resources including renewable energy resources (RER), a distributed control methodology is presented and numerically evaluated in the presence of intermittency in the RERs.
This paper introduces a simulation and evaluation of guidance, navigation, and control algorithms applied to an autonomous hovercraft. A line-of-sight guidance law is adopted in conjunction with a neural network based...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781479909964
This paper introduces a simulation and evaluation of guidance, navigation, and control algorithms applied to an autonomous hovercraft. A line-of-sight guidance law is adopted in conjunction with a neural network based adaptive dynamic inversion control scheme for the underactuated hovercraft following a prescribed path. The simulation result demonstrates that the guidance and control scheme can be effective in waypoint following of the underactuated hovercraft, especially, when external disturbances exist. It is also shown that the error signals are bounded using Lyapunov's direct method.
In this paper we describe an effort recently completed at UT Dallas to develop a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics code to test and develop control algorithms aimed at maximizing power production and load mit...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781479917730
In this paper we describe an effort recently completed at UT Dallas to develop a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics code to test and develop control algorithms aimed at maximizing power production and load mitigation. Preliminary results of three aligned turbines operating at different tip speed ratios (TSRs) are discussed to show the wealth of details available from the present code. The finer solution of the flow physics allows to gain a better understanding of how control algorithms should be designed and implemented in practical configurations. The paper includes a detailed analysis of the power and loads for optimal TSRs obtained by applying dynamic programming to a low-fidelity analytical model.
This paper investigates the possibility of providing aggregated regulation services with small loads, such as water heaters or air conditioners. A direct-load control algorithm is presented to aggregate the water heat...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781457710001
This paper investigates the possibility of providing aggregated regulation services with small loads, such as water heaters or air conditioners. A direct-load control algorithm is presented to aggregate the water heater load for the purpose of regulation. A dual-element electric water heater model is developed, which accounts for both thermal dynamics and users' water consumption. A realistic regulation signal was used to evaluate the number of water heaters needed and the operational characteristics of a water heater when providing 2-MW regulation service. Modeling results suggest that approximately 33,000 water heaters are needed to provide a 2-MW regulation service 24 hours a day. However, if water heaters only provide regulation from 6:00 to 24:00, approximately 20,000 will be needed. Because the control algorithm has considered the thermal setting of the water heater, customer comfort is maintained. Therefore, the aggregated regulation service provided by water heater loads can become a major source of revenue for load-serving entities when the smart grid enables the direct load control.
Reducing the carbon footprint of data centers is becoming a primary goal of large IT companies. Due to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, it is quite challenging...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781479913510
Reducing the carbon footprint of data centers is becoming a primary goal of large IT companies. Due to the intermittency and unpredictability of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, it is quite challenging to utilize them in data centers. In this paper, we explore the opportunities offered by delay-tolerant workloads and thermal storage to facilitate the renewable energy integration in data centers and meanwhile, reduce the cost of using brown energy (i.e., energy from the utility grid). A stochastic optimization problem is formulated to tackle the stochastic renewable generation and workload arrival processes. Then, an online control algorithm based on the Lyapunov optimization approach is proposed to solve it. Simulation results based on the real-world traces show the effectiveness of the algorithm in practice.
Cameras are often controlled by algorithms adapting the image capturing process parameters (like exposure or gain) to the present scene. In most cases these algorithms have to be parametrized by a parameter set in ord...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781467365970
Cameras are often controlled by algorithms adapting the image capturing process parameters (like exposure or gain) to the present scene. In most cases these algorithms have to be parametrized by a parameter set in order to define the behavior of the control. The issue of selecting the best parameter set for a specific application or environment arises. The parameter selection is not a simple task since the internal structure of the control algorithm is often not sufficiently known by the user. Only the inputs (parameter sets) can be specified and the outputs (images) can be analyzed. This paper presents a generic workflow for the determination of a parameter set which achieves good image quality for a chosen application with specific light conditions. The developed workflow is able to deal with any control algorithm and any chosen application. In general, the four main steps of the developed workflow are: 1. Build a database of images with their related parameter sets, 2. Evaluate which image criteria are best to assess the image quality for the particular application, 3. Choose an optimization method, 4. Optimize the parameter sets. The presented workflow is developed and examined based on the example of real-world automotive scenarios. At the end of the paper experimental results confirm that the optimized camera parameters achieve a meaningful and useful optimization result regarding the images captured by the camera.
This paper introduces a novel Web-based laboratory for the design and real-time implementation of networked control experiments. By adopting a three-tier architecture, i.e. Webbrowsers, server clusters and test rigs, ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781627481199
This paper introduces a novel Web-based laboratory for the design and real-time implementation of networked control experiments. By adopting a three-tier architecture, i.e. Webbrowsers, server clusters and test rigs, the laboratory connects experiment device located globally and provides control experiment options such as local control structure, Intranet-based control and Internetbased control structure. Users can design networked control algorithms in a diagram-based way and validate their algorithms using test rigs easily on the laboratory with a simple Web browser. Networked control blockset is developed to facilitate the configuration of network and the design of controller in the lab. Web-based simulation and practical experiments of networked predictive control scheme are performed to illustrate the functionality of the Web-based lab and the effectiveness of networked predictive control method.
The Multiphase Latent Variable Model Predictive control (MLV-MPC) is developed based on the Principal component analysis (PCA) model. The proposed control methodology is capable of trajectory tracking as well as distu...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781424445233
The Multiphase Latent Variable Model Predictive control (MLV-MPC) is developed based on the Principal component analysis (PCA) model. The proposed control methodology is capable of trajectory tracking as well as disturbance rejection. The model that is used in the course of MPC is a multiphase PCA model that is constructed based on the available data from the measurements on the process. Different data arrangements are studied and their effects on the performance of the control algorithm are evaluated.
暂无评论