The risk of hypoglycemia is one of the main concerns in treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this paper we present a head-to-head comparison of a currently used insulin-only controller and a prospective bihormonal c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479917730
The risk of hypoglycemia is one of the main concerns in treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this paper we present a head-to-head comparison of a currently used insulin-only controller and a prospective bihormonal controller for blood glucose in people with T1D. The bihormonal strategy uses insulin to treat hyperglycemia as well as glucagon to ensure fast recovery from hypoglycemic episodes. Two separate model predictive controllers (MPC) based on patient-specific models handle insulin and glucagon infusion. In addition, the control algorithm consists of a Kalman filter and a meal time insulin bolus calculator. The feedback is obtained from a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). We implement a bihormonal simulation model with time-varying parameters available for 3 subjects to compare the strategies. We consider a protocol with 3 events - a correct mealtime insulin bolus, a missed bolus and a bolus overestimated by 60%. During normal operation both strategies provide similar results. The contribution of glucagon becomes evident after administration of the overestimated insulin bolus. In a 10h period following an overbolused meal, the bihormonal strategy reduces time spent in hypoglycemia in the most severe case by almost 15% (1.5h), outperforming the insulin-only control. Therefore, glucagon contributes to the safety of an Artificial Pancreas.
This paper presents a transport layer protocol for multi-path networks with blockage. Using urban SATCOM as an example, we see from data taken from a 2006 measurement campaign that these blockages are generally on the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467391023
This paper presents a transport layer protocol for multi-path networks with blockage. Using urban SATCOM as an example, we see from data taken from a 2006 measurement campaign that these blockages are generally on the order of 1-5 seconds in length and the links are blocked approximately 33% of the time. To compensate for this type of impairment, we have developed a multipath IP overlay routing algorithm, a random linear coding reliability scheme, and a maximum-queue-based (MQCC) congestion control algorithm. MQCC uses average buffer occupancy as a measure of the congestion in a network (as opposed to packet loss or round trip time (RTT)) and updates the transmission rate of each source to avoid network congestion. This allows us to design a congestion control algorithm that is independent of the channel conditions and can be made resilient to channel losses. The reliability scheme uses selective negative acknowledgments (SNACKs) to guarantee packet delivery to the destination. We show through simulation that we can approach the optimal benchmark in realistic lossy blockage channels.
The learning filter in Iterative Learning Control determines the performance in terms of convergence rate and converged error. The ideal learning filter is the inverse of the system being learned. For minimum phase sy...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479917730
The learning filter in Iterative Learning Control determines the performance in terms of convergence rate and converged error. The ideal learning filter is the inverse of the system being learned. For minimum phase system, direct system inversion can be implemented easily. However for non-minimum phase system, direct system inversion would result in an unstable filter. In the literature, there are several methods that approximate the system inversion. In time domain, zero-phase-error tracking controller (ZPETC) and zero-magnitude-error tracking controller (ZMETC) have been used frequently for non-minimum phase system. In frequency domain, Model-less Inversion-based Iterative Control (MIIC) has been used for atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging. In this paper, a data-based dynamic inversion method in the frequency domain is proposed, and the performance is compared with aforementioned inversion methods.
In this paper, lithography projection objective precision temperature control system is designed study. The system mainly consists of a PID controller, heating tanks, cooling module and circulation piping systems. To ...
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In this paper, lithography projection objective precision temperature control system is designed study. The system mainly consists of a PID controller, heating tanks, cooling module and circulation piping systems. To achieve ultra-precision temperature control, we studied the control algorithm and selected the multimode parameter fuzzy self-tuning PID control method finally. And we have built the experimental prototype to conduct the experiment that using other thermal load instead of the thermal load of the projection objective, the experimental results demonstrate that the system is stable and fast response, circulating water temperature can reach the set temperature in a short time and fluctuate within a range of ± 0.01 °C.
The electrification of heat and transport in addition to integration of intermittent renewable resources into the existing electricity network is expected to occur in near future. Such a transformation is expected to ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467380416
The electrification of heat and transport in addition to integration of intermittent renewable resources into the existing electricity network is expected to occur in near future. Such a transformation is expected to force the operation of the electricity power system at different levels to its limits and would require reinforcement of the network assets at different levels. The incorporation of active management and control within microgrids and across the low voltage distribution network is thought as a cost effective solution which would facilitate wide scale integration of the emerging distributed energy resources. However since increasing the microgrid size at a certain DER penetration level would increase the total dispatchable power it is expected to affect the effectiveness of any control algorithm that operates at that level. This paper presents the findings obtained from of an investigation into the relationship between microgrid size and the effectiveness of a deterministic control algorithm implemented at that level.
A nonlinear adaptive control algorithm is presented for a model helicopter to achieve the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances. The design process is based on the backstepping technology with t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479917730
A nonlinear adaptive control algorithm is presented for a model helicopter to achieve the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances. The design process is based on the backstepping technology with the simplified helicopter model. A command filter is utilized to avoid the complicated derivative computation of the virtual control. With the property of the hyperbolic tangent function, upper bounds of the disturbing terms composed by unmodeled dynamics, command filter errors and other external disturbances are estimated by adaptive algorithms and compensated for in control laws. It is proved that the proposed control algorithm guarantees uniform boundedness of the tracking error of the complete closed-loop system. Simulations verify the significant tracking performance of the proposed controller.
Bi-geometric transparent composite models (BGTCM) are used to model distributions of transform coefficients in HEVC (High efficiency video coding). Both Kullback-Leibler divergence and χ~2 test show that, for both or...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479983407
Bi-geometric transparent composite models (BGTCM) are used to model distributions of transform coefficients in HEVC (High efficiency video coding). Both Kullback-Leibler divergence and χ~2 test show that, for both original and quantized transform coefficients in HEVC, BGTCMs provide better modelling performance than popular Laplacian and Cauchy models. Based on BGTCMs, a rate control algorithm is proposed for HEVC. Experimental results using the HEVC reference software show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance in constant-bit-rate control than previous rate control algorithms based on Laplacian models.
This paper proposes a novel two-layer distributed control scheme for global cooperative output regulation for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems. The concerned systems are (i) heterogeneous and uncertain, (ii) w...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479978878
This paper proposes a novel two-layer distributed control scheme for global cooperative output regulation for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems. The concerned systems are (i) heterogeneous and uncertain, (ii) with unknown local control directions, and (iii) under a directed communication graph. To cope with the problem, a two-layer control structure is first configured and distributed and decentralized laws are developed for the layers respectively. Then we demonstrate that combination of the control laws may lead to an effective solution to the cooperative output regulation problem. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Many iterative learning control algorithms rely on a model of the system. Although only approximate model knowledge is required, the model quality determines the convergence and performance properties of the learning ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479917730
Many iterative learning control algorithms rely on a model of the system. Although only approximate model knowledge is required, the model quality determines the convergence and performance properties of the learning control algorithm. The aim of this paper is to remove the need for a model for a class of multivariable ILC algorithms. The main idea is to replace the model by dedicated experiments on the system. Convergence criteria are developed and the results are illustrated with a simulation on a multi-axis flatbed printer.
Rising fuel prices and environmental harmful emissions led to plethora of research for fuel and emission reduction. Using the upcoming V2V/V2I technology and the Connected Vehicle (CV) model, we address the problem of...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479980925
Rising fuel prices and environmental harmful emissions led to plethora of research for fuel and emission reduction. Using the upcoming V2V/V2I technology and the Connected Vehicle (CV) model, we address the problem of eco-driving, which examines how the latest technology can be harnessed to improve fuel-efficiency and reduce harmful emissions. In this paper, for the first time in the literature we propose microscopic eco-speed control algorithms unlike most of the existing studies in this area where the focus is on control of infrastructure side (i.e., signal timing plans). We use the concept of platoon of instrumented vehicles (IV) that are connected in a journey covering multiple intersections in a multiple vehicle setting. We propose greedy algorithms based on driving behavior and the microscopic fuel and emission models that advises a speed trajectory to minimize fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions. Detailed simulations are carried out demonstrating efficacy of the proposed algorithms for fuel and emission reductions in comparison to the naive driving behavior.
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