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An Overview of Audio Event Detection Methods from Feature Extraction to Classification

APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2017年第9-10期31卷 661-714页

作者： Babaee, Elham Anuar, Nor Badrul Wahab, Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Shamshirband, Shahaboddin Chronopoulos, Anthony T. Univ Malaya Fac Comp Sci & Informat Technol Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Ton Duc Thang Univ Dept Management Sci & Technol Dev Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Ton Duc Thang Univ Fac Informat Technol Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Univ Texas San Antonio Dept Comp Sci San Antonio TX USA Univ Patras Dept Comp Engn & Informat Rion Greece

Audio streams, such as news broadcasting, meeting rooms, and special video comprise sound from an extensive variety of sources. The detection of audio events including speech, coughing, gunshots, etc. leads to intelligent audio event detection (AED). With substantial attention geared to AED for various types of applications, such as security, speech recognition, speaker recognition, home care, and health monitoring, scientists are now more motivated to perform extensive research on AED. The deployment of AED is actually a more complicated task when going beyond exclusively highlighting audio events in terms of feature extraction and classification in order to select the best features with high detection accuracy. To date, a wide range of different detection systems based on intelligent techniques have been utilized to create machine learning-based audio event detection schemes. Nevertheless, the preview study does not encompass any state-of-the-art reviews of the proficiency and significances of such methods for resolving audio event detection matters. The major contribution of this work entails reviewing and categorizing existing AED schemes into preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification methods. The importance of the algorithms and methodologies and their proficiency and restriction are additionally analyzed in this study. This research is expanded by critically comparing audio detection methods and algorithms according to accuracy and false alarms using different types of datasets.

关键词： FEATURE extraction (Data processing) STREAMING audio SPEECH perception BROADCASTING industry computer algorithms MACHINE learning

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Wavelet packet image decomposition on MIMD architectures

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REAL-TIME IMAGING 2002年第5期8卷 399-412页

作者： Feil, M Uhl, A Salzburg Univ Res Inst Software Technol A-5020 Salzburg Austria Salzburg Univ Dept Comp Sci A-5020 Salzburg Austria

In this work, we describe and analyze algorithms for 2D wavelet packet (WP) decomposition for multicomputers and multiprocessors. In the case of multicomputers, the main goal is the generalization of former parallel WP algorithms which are constrained to a number of processor elements equal to a power of 4. For multiprocessors, we discuss several optimizations of shared-memory algorithms and finally we compare the results obtained on multicomputers and multi-processors employing the message passing (MPI) and shared-memory programming (OpenMP) paradigm, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer algorithms MULTIPROCESSORS

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A Simple Fatigue Life Prediction Algorithm Using the Modified NASGRO Equation

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2016年第1期2016卷 1-8页

作者： Zhang, Wei Wang, Qiang Li, Xiaoyang He, Jingjing Beihang Univ Sch Reliabil & Syst Engn Sci & Technol Reliabil & Environm Engn Lab Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

A simple fatigue life prediction algorithm using the modified NASGRO equation is proposed in this paper. The NASGRO equation is modified by introducing the concept of intrinsic effective threshold stress intensity factor (SIF) range (Delta K-eff)(th). One advantage of the proposed method is that the complex growth behavior analysis of small cracks can be avoided, and then the fatigue life can be calculated by directly integrating the crack growth model from the initial defect size to the critical crack size. The fatigue limit and the intrinsic effective threshold SIF range (Delta K-eff)(th) are used to calculate the initial defect size or initial flaw size. The value of (Delta K-eff)(th) is determined by extrapolating the crack propagation rate curves. Instead of using the fatigue limit determined by the fatigue strength at the specific fatigue life, the fatigue limit is selected based on the horizontal tendency of the S-N curve. The calculated fatigue lives are compared to the experimental data of two different alloys. The predicted S-N curves agree with the test data well. Besides, the prediction results are compared with that calculated using the FASTRAN code. Results indicate that the proposed life prediction algorithm is simple and efficient.

关键词： FATIGUE life (Materials science) computer algorithms PREDICTION models STRESS intensity factors (Fracture mechanics) FRACTURE mechanics STRENGTH of materials

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Multiple Data-Dependent Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2014年第1期2014卷 1-9页

作者： Liu, Yue Li, Yibing Xie, Hong Liu, Dandan Harbin Engn Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Heilongjiang Univ Sci & Technol Inst Elect & Control Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFDA) method has demonstrated its success in extracting facial features for face recognition. Compared to linear techniques, it can better describe the complex and nonlinear variations of face images. However, a single kernel is not always suitable for the applications of face recognition which contain data from multiple, heterogeneous sources, such as face images under huge variations of pose, illumination, and facial expression. To improve the performance of KFDA in face recognition, a novel algorithm named multiple data-dependent kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (MDKFDA) is proposed in this paper. The constructed multiple data-dependent kernel (MDK) is a combination of several base kernels with a data-dependent kernel constraint on their weights. By solving the optimization equation based on Fisher criterion and maximizing the margin criterion, the parameter optimization of data-dependent kernel and multiple base kernels is achieved. Experimental results on the three face databases validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： FISHER discriminant analysis HUMAN face recognition (computer science) computer algorithms MATHEMATICAL optimization KERNEL (Mathematics) NONLINEAR analysis

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Entropy-Based and Weighted Selective SIFT Clustering as an Energy Aware Framework for Supervised Visual Recognition of Man-Made Structures

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2013年第1期2013卷 1-9页

作者： El Mobacher, Ayman Mitri, Nicholas Awad, Mariette Amer Univ Beirut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Beirut 11072020 Lebanon

Using local invariant features has been proven by published literature to be powerful for image processing and pattern recognition tasks. However, in energy aware environments, these invariant features would not scale easily because of their computational requirements. Motivated to find an efficient building recognition algorithm based on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) keypoints, we present in this paper uSee, a supervised learning framework which exploits the symmetrical and repetitive structural patterns in buildings to identify subsets of relevant clusters formed by these keypoints. Once an image is captured by a smart phone, uSee preprocesses it using variations in gradient angle-and entropy-based measures before extracting the building signature and comparing its representative SIFT keypoints against a repository of building images. Experimental results on 2 different databases confirm the effectiveness of uSee in delivering, at a greatly reduced computational cost, the high matching scores for building recognition that local descriptors can achieve. With only 14.3% of image SIFT keypoints, uSee exceeded prior literature results by achieving an accuracy of 99.1% on the Zurich Building Database with no manual rotation;thus saving significantly on the computational requirements of the task at hand.

关键词： ENTROPY IMAGE processing SMARTPHONES COMPUTATIONAL complexity computer algorithms STRUCTURAL design

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Broadcasting on Networks of Workstations

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ALGORITHMICA 2010年第4期57卷 848-868页

作者： Khuller, Samir Kim, Yoo-Ah Wan, Yung-Chun Justin Univ Connecticut Dept Comp Sci & Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA Univ Maryland Dept Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA

Broadcasting and multicasting are fundamental operations. In this work we develop algorithms for performing broadcast and multicast in clusters of workstations. In this model, sending a message to a machine in the same cluster takes 1 time unit, and sending a message to a machine in a different cluster takes C(a parts per thousand yen1) time units. The clusters may have arbitrary sizes. Lowekamp and Beguelin proposed heuristics for this model, but their algorithms may produce broadcast times that are arbitrarily worse than optimal. We develop the first constant factor approximation algorithms for this model. Algorithm LCF (Largest Cluster First) for the basic model is simple, efficient and has a worst case approximation guarantee of 2. We then extend these models to more complex models where we remove the assumption that an unbounded amount of communication may happen using the global network. The algorithms for these models build on the LCF method developed for the basic problem. Finally, we develop broadcasting algorithms for the postal model where the sending node does not block for C time units when the message is in transit.

关键词： computer algorithms BROADCASTING industry MULTICASTING (computer networks) HEURISTIC algorithms algorithms computer networks

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Application of Two-Dimensional Predictive Functional Control in Injection Molding

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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 2015年第41期54卷 10088-10102页

作者： Yang, Bo Xu, Zuhua Yang, Yi Gao, Furong Zhejiang Univ Coll Control Sci & Engn Natl Lab Ind Control Technol Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Kunda Mold Shen Zhen Co Ltd Fuda Intelligent Syst Shenzhen 518129 Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Chem & Biomol Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

A batch process can be viewed as a two-dimensional (2D) system with dynamics in both time and batch directions. To tackle these 2D dynamics, many control algorithms have been proposed by combining iterative learning control (TLC) with high-performance continuous control algorithms under a 2D framework. However, these algorithms require large computational load and memory, which are often demanding for the software and hardware of the controllers in several fast batch processes. In this paper, a 2D predictive functional control algorithm that combines ILC with predictive functional control (PFC) is proposed. Owing to the compactness and effectiveness of PFC, the proposed control algorithm can reduce the required computational load and memory. Other than the general form of the control law, two concise and practical forms are provided as well. The proposed control scheme is tested through simulations and implementation in an injection molding process, which is a typical fast batch process. Results confirm the good performance of the proposed control algorithm.

关键词： Batch processing predictive functional control Injection molding International Labour Conference Controllers compactness Power factor correction computer algorithms

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On a splitting type algorithm for the numerical realization of contact problems with Coulomb friction

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computer METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 2002年第21-22期191卷 2261-2281页

作者： Haslinger, J Dostál, Z Kucera, R Charles Univ Prague Dept Met Phys CR-12116 Prague Czech Republic Tech Univ Ostrava Dept Math Appl Ostrava 70833 Czech Republic Tech Univ Ostrava Dept Math Ostrava 70833 Czech Republic

This paper presents and analyses an iterative process for the numerical realization of contact problems with Coulomb friction which is based on the method of successive approximations combined with a splitting type approach. Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of this method. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics) FRICTION computer algorithms

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Approach to optical interference fringes reduction in diode laser absorption spectroscopy

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APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS 2007年第3期87卷 523-530页

作者： Persson, L. Andersson, F. Andersson, M. Svanberg, S. Lund Univ Div Atom Phys S-22100 Lund Sweden Lund Univ Ctr Math Sci S-22100 Lund Sweden

The advantage of a new scheme for balanced detection has been investigated to reduce the influence of optical interference fringes when performing diode laser gas absorption spectroscopy employing lock-in amplifiers and pigtailed lasers. The influence of the fringes has been reduced by comparing the lock-in 2 f signal due to the gas sample with that of a reference beam. The frequency regions outside the absorption feature have been used to obtain information on the interference fringe impact on the signal of interest. We have demonstrated an efficient way to reduce the influence of such fringes by employing this technique combined with non-linear signal processing methods. The different steps of the algorithm are presented. In the experimental arrangement presented, a reduction of the optical interference fringes by about 10 times is achieved, as demonstrated in measurements on molecular oxygen around 761 nm. The new technique is compared with an analog technique for balanced detection and certain advantages of the computer algorithm are pointed out. In particular, the emerging field of gas spectroscopy in scattering solid media strongly benefits from the technique presented.

关键词： semiconductor lasers laser diodes spectroscopic techniques interference interference pattern Semiconductor lasers gas spectroscopy interference Diode Laser Light interference tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy spectroscopic techniques reference beam computer algorithms

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Control performance of active-passive composite tuned mass damper

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SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES 1998年第5期7卷 637-653页

作者： Nishimura, I Yamada, T Sakamoto, M Kobori, T Kajima Corp Kobori Res Complex Minato Ku Tokyo 107 Japan

This paper reviews an active control algorithm adopted for an active-passive composite tuned mass damper, which is a unique vibration control device equipped into an office building in Tokyo in 1993. The main purpose of this device is to subdue the response motion of tall buildings under random disturbances such as wind pressures and small earthquakes. The main topics in this paper are: (1) the principle of the acceleration feedback algorithm, (2) the expected control performance, (3) the multi-modal control algorithm, (4) the observed performance of the applications using the algorithm.

关键词： office buildings stochastic disturbance Wing loading active control Tall buildings vibration control DAMPER algorithms Tokyo acceleration feedback control performance computer algorithms

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