A large fraction of energy consumed by the HVAC (heating ventilation and air-conditioning) system in a commercial building is consumed at the AHUs (air handling units) that condition a mixture of outside and return ai...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467357159
A large fraction of energy consumed by the HVAC (heating ventilation and air-conditioning) system in a commercial building is consumed at the AHUs (air handling units) that condition a mixture of outside and return air to specific temperature and humidity levels. Traditionally, the return air ratio and temperature of the air leaving the cooling coils in the AHU (conditioned air temperature) are maintained at pre-determined set points instead of being based on real-time measurements of occupancy, zone humidity, and outside weather. In this paper, we investigate the potential of energy savings as a function of the complexity of control algorithm. The inputs that can be commanded by the controllers are: air flow rate, return air ratio, conditioned air temperature, and the temperature of air leaving the heating coils in the AHU. Simulation results show that the controllers that use the measurements of occupancy, zone humidity, and outside weather result in significant savings over conventional controllers that do not use such measurements, without sacrificing thermal comfort or indoor air quality (IAQ). Surprisingly, a simple feedback control scheme is found to perform almost as well as a much more complex MPC (model predictive control) controller.
Relay Nodes (RNs) introduction is one of the main features of LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) with the aim of enhancing network coverage and capacity at cell-edge. However, a proper admission control scheme is required to increa...
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Relay Nodes (RNs) introduction is one of the main features of LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) with the aim of enhancing network coverage and capacity at cell-edge. However, a proper admission control scheme is required to increase the total number of admitted users in the system. This work proposes the implementation and evaluation of three types of admission control schemes taking into account the optimal resource partitioning between RNs and DeNB. The first scheme bases the admission and rejection of users on the resources' availability. The second scheme adds an admission control algorithm based on users' priorities. Finally, the third scheme introduces a dynamic buffer in order to utilize the free resources during the empty arrival periods and to further improve the performance. Performance analysis of the proposed admission control algorithms for different download bit rates and file size is performed through simulations. The optimal buffer configuration that minimizes the probability of unhappy users is determined.
A novel algorithm is presented based on linear equation solution space theory to calculate the classic three-phase to three-phase matrix converter PWM duty cycles. It algebraically reveals an intrinsic two useful degr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479902255
A novel algorithm is presented based on linear equation solution space theory to calculate the classic three-phase to three-phase matrix converter PWM duty cycles. It algebraically reveals an intrinsic two useful degrees of freedom in modulating the duty cycles;also discloses a general method of how to deal with distortion in the input voltage or output current whose form and harmonics quantity are not obvious. Derivation of the algorithm, its control techniques and potential are given;comparisons to the Venturini algorithm and the space vector modulation method are given, simulation and experimental results confirm the algorithm.
A gradated cardioresponsive Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) control algorithm was developed in order to improve cardiac reverse remodeling in patients who suffer from late to end-stage heart failure. This algori...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467349284
A gradated cardioresponsive Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) control algorithm was developed in order to improve cardiac reverse remodeling in patients who suffer from late to end-stage heart failure. This algorithm was created to improve physician control of the LVAD as well as improve awareness of the patient's condition. The control algorithm was validated using a mock circulatory system and simulated LVAD.
To achieve the highest possible grade for server or computer power supplies in terms of efficiency, various solutions for high line input already exist on the market. In this work a new topology is investigated closel...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479903375
To achieve the highest possible grade for server or computer power supplies in terms of efficiency, various solutions for high line input already exist on the market. In this work a new topology is investigated closely in simulation, showing that the titanium grade may also be achievable at low line input and how the control can be done by utilizing low voltage MOSFETs. Currently the control algorithm is already implemented in real hardware and the prototype for one module is under developement.
In the paper mobile manipulator using skid steering platform, has been considered. Such system is underactuated. This paper presents the concept of artificial force applied in robust control an discussion of obtained ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467355094
In the paper mobile manipulator using skid steering platform, has been considered. Such system is underactuated. This paper presents the concept of artificial force applied in robust control an discussion of obtained results. Artificial force concept assumes full rank of input matrix, describing relationships between controlled variables and number of actuators. Despite of assumption that the additional actuator signal is identically equal to zero, the invertibility of the input matrix is achieved. This signal is used to generate reference signal, needed in control algorithm. Mathematical proof of proper action of such a control law has been presented using Lyapunov-like function. Usefulness of this concept, under the assumption of parametric uncertainty of the terrain as well as in order to track inadmissible trajectories, has been verified in numerous simulations.
Nowadays Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) is being successfully used in static power converters. The algorithm requires defining a functional in order to optimize it and thus find the best switch ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479902255
Nowadays Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) is being successfully used in static power converters. The algorithm requires defining a functional in order to optimize it and thus find the best switch combination. So far the functional optimizes either the steady state or the transient operation. In fact, for steady state operation, the minimization of the switching frequency as well as high quality waveforms are the basic objectives. Contrary, during transient conditions the settling time minimization is usually used as a basic objective. This work presents an algorithm that is able to detect if the system is either under steady state or transient operating mode and applies the appropriate control algorithm. Hence, both operating modes are controlled under optimum conditions. Simulated results show the performance of the proposed control scheme.
This paper proposes an optimal control algorithm for a polynomial system with a quadratic criterion over infinite horizon. The designed regulator gives a closed form solution to the infinite horizon optimal control pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479901777
This paper proposes an optimal control algorithm for a polynomial system with a quadratic criterion over infinite horizon. The designed regulator gives a closed form solution to the infinite horizon optimal control problem for a polynomial system with a quadratic criterion. The obtained solution consists in a feedback control law obtained by solving a Riccati algebraic equation dependent on the state. Numerical simulations in the example show advantages of the developed algorithm.
Mobile robots with independently steerable wheels possess many high maneuverability features of omnidirectional robots while benefiting from better performance and capability of moving on rough terrains. However, moti...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467363563
Mobile robots with independently steerable wheels possess many high maneuverability features of omnidirectional robots while benefiting from better performance and capability of moving on rough terrains. However, motion control of such robots is a challenging task due to presence of singular configurations and unboundedly large steering velocities in the neighborhood of those singularities. Many proposed approaches rely on numerical solutions that keep the robot out of bulky regions around the singular points and hence lose some of the robot maneuverability. Based on a class of traditional path followers we design a new globally stable path following controller that exploits the high maneuverability of the platform. This design allows us to derive a set of closed-form analytical functions that describe the robot base velocity as a function of the wheels driving and steering velocities while abide to the robot non-holonomic constraints. Those functions are then utilized to find the maximum instantaneous velocity of the body that keeps the wheels velocities under the pre-specified bounds no matter how much the robot gets close or far from its singular configurations. The control algorithms developed in this paper have been evaluated on iMoro, a four wheel independently steered mobile manipulator designed and developed at IHA/TUT. Experimental data is also shown that show efficacy of the method.
This paper discusses using the battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate wind power intermittency, so that wind power can be dispatchable on an hourly basis like fossil fuel power plants. In particular, model p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479901777
This paper discusses using the battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate wind power intermittency, so that wind power can be dispatchable on an hourly basis like fossil fuel power plants. In particular, model predictive control (MPC) is used to control the charge and discharge of BESS to compensate for wind power forecast errors and minimize operation costs to the wind farm owner. A ramp rate penalty on wind power scheduling is included in the optimization to make the optimal control trajectory smoother, while the performance is kept intact. Numerical simulations with a one-year long wind power dataset show that MPC controller is much more effective in reducing the operation cost to the wind farm owner than the heuristic control algorithm or conventional reserves, in that BESS with a much smaller capacity will be suffice to achieve the same cost reduction.
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