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Tantalum coatings formed on titanium by electrospark deposition with computer numerical control in a controlled gas environment

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS 2025年 130卷

作者： Koshuro, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fomina, Marina Alekseevna Fomin, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Yuri Gagarin State Tech Univ Saratov Dept Mat Sci & Biomed Engn 77 Politech skaya str Saratov 410054 Russia

Tantalum coatings were obtained on commercially pure titanium by electrospark deposition (ESD) at normal (760 Torr) and reduced (380 Torr) pressure in air or argon atmosphere. A monolayer of ESD tantalum coating with the thickness from 3.6 to 6.5 to 13.2-22.0 mu m was applied at the working current of 0.5-2.0 A and constant speed of movement of the tool electrode equal to 60 mm/min along the trajectory, which was set using a complex with computer numerical control (CNC). The width of the deposited tracks in air atmosphere varied from 0.27 to 0.49 to 0.41-0.89 mm and in argon the track width stabilized in the range of 0.73-0.85 mm at an operating current of 1.0-2.0 A. The coatings formed in air were characterized by a high oxygen content from 17.36 to 19.38 to 40.81-47.15 at.% and nitrogen from 2.07 to 2.61 to 3.73-4.17 at.%, an average splat value from 72.6 to 74.4 to 118.1-202.4 mu m, and microhardness from 5.4 to 7.7 to 12.1-12.3 GPa. The use of an argon environment allowed limiting the oxygen content in the range of 17.99-41.00 at.%, lowering the nitrogen content to 1.65-2.20 at.%, stabilization of the average splat size in the range of 89.0-121.9 mu m, and reduction in the microhardness to 5.3-9.0 GPa.

关键词： Electrospark deposition Tantalum layer Titanium controlled gas environment computer numerical control

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computer numerical control machine tool information reusability within virtual machining systems

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE 2018年第4期232卷 593-604页

作者： Vichare, Parag Zhang, Xianzhi Dhokia, Vimal Cheung, Wai M. Xiao, Wenlei Zheng, Lianyu Univ West Scotland Sch Engn & Comp Paisley PA1 2BE Renfrew Scotland Kingston Univ London Sch Mech & Automot Engn London England Univ Bath Dept Mech Engn Bath Avon England Univ Northumbria Fac Engn & Environm Dept Mech & Construct Engn Newcastle Upon Tyne Tyne & Wear England Beihang Univ Sch Mech Engn & Automat Beijing Peoples R China

Virtual machining allows simulation of the machining process by realistically representing kinematic, static and dynamic behaviour of the intended machine tools. Using this method, manufacturing-related issues can be brought to light and corrected before the product is physically manufactured. Machining systems utilised in the manufacturing processes are represented in the virtual machining environment, and there is a plethora of commercial virtual machining software used in the industry. Each software system has a different focus and approach towards virtual machining;more than one system may be needed to complete machining verification. Thus, the significant increase in the use of virtual machining systems in the industry has increased the need for information reusability. Substantial time and money has been put into the research of virtual machining systems. However, very little of this research has been deployed within industrial best practice, and its acceptance by the end user remains unclear. This article reviews current research trends in the domain of virtual machining and also discusses how much of this research has been taken on board by software vendors in order to facilitate machine tool information reusability. The authors present use cases which utilise the novel concept of machining capability profile and the emerging STEP-NC compliant process planning framework for resource allocation. The use cases clearly demonstrate the benefits of using a neutral file format for representing machining capability profiles, as opposed to remodelling and/or reconfiguring of this information multiple times for different scenarios. This article has shown through the use cases that machining capability profiles are critical for representing recourse information from a kinematic, static and dynamic perspective that commercial software vendors can subsequently use. The impact of this on mainstream manufacturing industry is potentially significant as it will enable a tru

关键词： Virtual machining digital manufacturing computer numerical control computer-aided design computer-aided manufacturing STEP-NC interoperability

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Calculation of elastic deformation error of thermoplastic polyurethane flexible couplings in computer numerical control devices

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE 2016年第9期230卷 1684-1689页

作者： Biglar, Mohammad Yusef Payganeh, Gholamhasan Shirafkan, Ali Univ Sci & Technol Fac Mech Engn Tehran Iran Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training Univ Fac Mech Engn Tehran Iran

Determining the movement errors due to mechanical parts in computer numerical control devices is an important part of studying manufacturing and production. The propelling mechanical system of a computer numerical control device consists of engine, coupling, bearing, knot and leading rail. Each of these parts has an error value which causes manufacturing error in producing industrial parts. Although using closed-loop system has helped to solve this problem, still there are systems that use open loop. In this study, using Mooney-Rivlin model for flexible couplings, we calculated the errors due to the deformation of elastomeric medium, which is made of thermoplastic polyurethane. Using the ANSYS software, we simulated the three-dimensional model of medium to obtain elastic deformation. The loading type was chosen in terms of torque and stepper revolution of engine. At fixed 500r/min, the effect of torque and engine stepper on the deformation was investigated, and the results obtained were compared with the simulations from experimental work on a computer numerical control desk with stepper 1.8 and 2.4Nm and ABBA coupling of model SRG-40C and ball screw of milled diameter 25pitch 5 class C which showed a good confirmation.

关键词： Elastic deformation thermoplastic polyurethane flexible coupling ANSYS computer numerical control

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A real-time and look-ahead interpolation algorithm with axial jerk-smooth transition scheme for computer numerical control machining of micro-line segments

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE 2019年第9期233卷 2007-2019页

作者： Li, Hao Wu, Wen-Jiang Rastegar, Jahangir Guo, An Chinese Acad Sci Shenyang Inst Comp Technol Shenyang 110168 Liaoning Peoples R China SUNY Stony Brook Dept Mech Engn Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China Shenyang Golding NC Intelligence Tech Co Ltd Shenyang Peoples R China

Because micro-line segments are the most widely used form of tool-paths for computer numerical control machining, the smoothness at the junction of two adjacent segments is still the bottleneck for the machining quality and efficiency. To reduce the time spent by the smoothing process and improve the smoothness at the junction, this article proposes a real-time and look-ahead interpolation algorithm with an axial jerk-smooth transition scheme. In one step, the algorithm finishes the transition scheme construction and velocity planning by using the trigonometric velocity planning method. This method can utilize the maximal acceleration and/or jerk capabilities of drive axis to achieve smooth axial kinematic profiles while satisfying the user-specified chord error. In addition, a real-time look-ahead method is developed to plan the global feedrate profile and adjust the transition schemes without intersections constantly. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm could realize smooth axial velocity, acceleration and jerk control and improve the smoothing process efficiency and machining accuracy.

关键词： Real-time look-ahead axial jerk-smooth transition scheme trigonometric velocity planning method computer numerical control micro-line segments

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Experimental investigation of mid-spatial frequency surface textures on fused silica after computer numerical control bonnet polishing

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2020年第5-6期108卷 1367-1380页

作者： Huang, Wei-Ren Tsai, Tsung-Yueh Lin, Yi-Jyun Kuo, Ching-Hsiang Yu, Zong-Ru Ho, Cheng-Fang Hsu, Wei-Yao Young, Hong-Tsu Natl Taiwan Univ Mech Engn Dept Taipei 106 Taiwan Contrel Technol Co Ltd Laser & Inspect R&D Div Tainan Taiwan Taiwan Instrument Res Inst Natl Appl Res Labs Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Contrel Technol Co Ltd Laser Business Grp Tainan 744 Taiwan

Automated bonnet polishing is achieved using computer numerical control (CNC) technology. However, owing to specific toolpaths, CNC bonnet polishing is generally accompanied by the mid-spatial frequency (MSF) of surface textures on polished surfaces that could produce surface ripples or waviness and degrade image quality. In this study, the MSF surface textures on fused silica are investigated by developing a CNC bonnet polishing technique using a cerium oxide-filled polyurethane pad (LP66)-a cellular polyurethane material designed to handle high flatness and surface finishing requirements for optical glass materials. To minimize the MSF, optimal combinations of various polishing parameters, including tool offset, head speed, track spacing, and surface feed rate, are studied. Experimental results demonstrate that the head speed and feed rate significantly affect the surface texture during bonnet polishing. Although the tool offset does not cause surface textures, the material removal rate is affected. A series of optimization experiments is conducted, consequently leading to the effective removal of irregular surface ripples and a reduction of MSF errors. By optimizing the polishing parameters, extremely accurate surface quality is achieved, along with a root mean square error of 1.6 nm. These results demonstrate the potential applications of LP66 in CNC bonnet polishing for highly accurate freeform optical components.

关键词： computer numerical control Bonnet polishing Optical glass Mid-spatial frequency Fused silica

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Optimization of cutting trajectory to improve manufacturing time in computer numerical control machine using ant colony algorithm

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE 2014年第7期228卷 811-816页

作者： Kiani, Kourosh Sharifi, Mostafa Shakeri, Majid Semnan Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Semnan *** Iran Amirkabir Univ Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Tehran Iran

This article presents a novel method to construct an autonomous, intelligent computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing programming system for the cutting device controller (e. g. a computer numerical control laser cutting machine tool) based on ant colony algorithm. The computer numerical control cutting device should be able to optimize trajectory autonomously between cutting objects. In order to find the best sequence of operations that achieves the shortest trajectory, ant colony is proposed. The shortest cutting trajectory can be formulated as a special case of traveling salesman problem. The integration of ant colony algorithm and traveling salesman problem can be included in commercial computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing packages to optimize the cutting trajectory.

关键词： Operation sequence ant colony algorithm computer numerical control cutting trajectory traveling salesman problem

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Development and Evaluation of Web Service-Based Interactive and Simulated Learning Environment for computer numerical control

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computer APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2010年第3期18卷 407-422页

作者： Wu, Wen-Hsiung Chen, Wei-Fan Fang, Lung-Ching Lu, Chao-Wei Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci Dept Informat Management Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Penn State Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol University Pk PA 16802 USA

Multimedia technology and Internet applications are important tools for teaching and learning in engineering education Nowadays online simulative environments are indispensable tools for teaching computer numerical control (CNC) course in mechanical engineering Nevertheless, past studies seldom designed CNC code or program error handling mechanisms, and failed to use new emergent technologies and applications This study proposed a design for a WSISLE-CNC (web service-based interactive and simulated learning environment for CNC) based on Web service technology A questionnaire survey from vocational school instructors and students revealed a high degree of enthusiasm for this proposed approach In summary, the main contributions of this study to engineering education are (1) development of several types of CNC code or program error handling mechanisms and applications, and (2) use of Web service concepts and technology to develop various kinds of CNC simulation services (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Comput Appl Eng Educ 18 407-422, 2010. View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary com, DOI 10 1002/cae 20147

关键词： learning technology virtual learning environment computer numerical control error handling mechanisms computer-assisted learning

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Reliable Deep Learning and IoT-Based Monitoring System for Secure computer numerical control Machines Against Cyber-Attacks With Experimental Verification

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 23186-23197页

作者： Tran, Minh-Quang Elsisi, Mahmoud Liu, Meng-Kun Vu, Viet Q. Mahmoud, Karar Darwish, Mohamed M. F. Abdelaziz, Almoataz Y. Lehtonen, Matti Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Ind 4 0 Implementat Ctr Ctr Cyber Phys Syst Innovat Taipei 10607 Taiwan Thai Nguyen Univ Technol Fac Int Training Dept Mech Engn Thai Nguyen 250000 Vietnam Benha Univ Fac Engn Shoubra Dept Elect Engn Cairo 11629 Egypt Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech Engn Taipei 10607 Taiwan Aalto Univ Sch Elect Engn Dept Elect Engn & Automat Espoo 02150 Finland Aswan Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Aswan 81542 Egypt Future Univ Egypt Fac Engn & Technol Cairo 11835 Egypt

This paper introduces a new intelligent integration between an IoT platform and deep learning neural network (DNN) algorithm for the online monitoring of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. The proposed infrastructure is utilized for monitoring the cutting process while maintaining the cutting stability of CNC machines in order to ensure effective cutting processes that can help to increase the quality of products. For this purpose, a force sensor is installed in the milling CNC machine center to measure the vibration conditions. Accordingly, an IoT architecture is designed to connect the sensor node and the cloud server to capture the real-time machine's status via message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol. To classify the different cutting conditions (i.e., stable cutting and unstable cuttings), an improved model of DNN is designed in order to maintain the healthy state of the CNC machine. As a result, the developed deep learning can accurately investigate if the transmitted data of the smart sensor via the internet is real cutting data or fake data caused by cyber-attacks or the inefficient reading of the sensor due to the environment temperature, humidity, and noise signals. The outstanding results are obtained from the proposed approach indicating that deep learning can outperform other traditional machine learning methods for vibration control. The Contact elements for IoT are utilized to display the cutting information on a graphical dashboard and monitor the cutting process in real-time. Experimental verifications are performed to conduct different cutting conditions of slot milling while implementing the proposed deep machine learning and IoT-based monitoring system. Diverse scenarios are presented to verify the effectiveness of the developed system, where it can disconnect immediately to secure the system automatically when detecting the cyber-attack and switch to the backup broker to continue the runtime operation.

关键词： Monitoring Deep learning Industrial Internet of Things Feature extraction computer numerical control Cloud computing Vibrations Deep learning industry 4 0 Internet of Things smart machines milling process

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Development of a hierarchical computer numerical control milling machine control unit using low-end PIC microcontrollers

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE 2013年第6期227卷 922-926页

作者： Jannif, Nayzel I. Chand, Praneel Singh, Ravinesh Univ S Pacific Sch Phys & Engn Suva Fiji

The acquisition of automated manufacturing equipment in developing nations can be expensive. Hence, this article presents the development of a computer numerical control milling machine's control unit using low-end PIC microcontrollers. The design employs a hierarchy of five low-end PIC microcontrollers connected to a PC. A single master PIC acts as a link between a PC and four slave microcontrollers via a RS232 serial port. One slave PIC is interfaced with the electronics of the spindle drive. The three remaining slave PICs are interfaced with the electronics of the x-, y- and z-axis drives. The low-cost milling machine's control unit has been constructed and tested. A circle-diamond-square test confirms the functionality of the machine and demonstrates that it does not accumulate error along a milled profile path.

关键词： computer numerical control milling hierarchical architecture PIC microcontroller

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INTELLIGENT DETECTION METHOD RESEARCH AND APPLICATION FOR LOCAL MECHANICAL FAULTS IN computer numerical control MACHINE TOOLS

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MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS AND control 2024年第4期52卷 260-271页

作者： Zhang, Shanjing Xinxiang Vocat & Tech Coll Sch Numer Control Technol Xinxiang 453000 Peoples R China

computerised numerical control machine tools are prone to rolling bearing failures under long-term high loads and complex working conditions. Thus, an intelligent detection method is proposed for local faults. Firstly, the fault characteristics of computerised numerical control machine tool bearings are analysed, an adaptive local iterative filter (ALIF) is introduced to extract and reconstruct the fault features, and then the frequency-weighted energy operator (FWEO) demodulates and analyses the reconstructed signal to extract the fault results. Considering the efficiency of fault diagnosis, composite multi-scale scatter entropy is introduced to express features, and finally, graph theory clustering is used to achieve fault-type diagnosis. In the analysis of bearing vibration signals in computerised numerical control, the proposed model improved the extraction accuracy of fault features by 32.6% compared to the time- frequency analysis combined with the FWEO model. In the local fault detection of computerised numerical control machine tools, the proposed model accurately identified four common bearing faults, with a fault classification accuracy of 98.65%, which was superior to the comparative model. At the same time, the comprehensive performance of the fault diagnosis model was compared, and the proposed model had detection accuracy rates higher than 0.950 in bearing fault detection of computerised numerical control, which was superior to the comparison model. The proposed local fault detection model for computerised numerical control machine tools has good application results in practical fault diagnosis scenarios, with higher detection accuracy and adaptability to complex working conditions. The research content will provide technical references for the application and improvement of intelligent detection technology in the field of industrial manufacturing.

关键词： computer numerical control local faults intelligent detection iterative filtering feature extraction

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