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Production of methyl levulinate from cellulose: selectivity and mechanism study

GREEN CHEMISTRY 2015年第7期17卷 4037-4044页

作者： Ding, Daqian Xi, Jinxu Wang, Jianjian Liu, Xiaohui Lu, Guanzhong Wang, Yanqin E China Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Adv Mat Res Inst Ind Catalysis Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China

The alcoholysis of cellulose into methyl levulinate (ML) in methanol media was investigated in the presence of several kinds of acid catalyst. One of the synthesized solid niobium-based phosphate catalysts was found to be highly efficient for the generation of ML, reaching an ML yield as high as 56%, higher than the LA yield (52%) in aqueous solution with the same reaction conditions as those used in our previous study (Green Chem., 2014, 16, 3846-3853). More interestingly, in water, very strong Lewis acid promoted the formation of LA;but in methanol, Bronsted acid enhanced the formation of ML. In-depth investigation showed that the mechanism and type of intermediates of cellulose alcoholysis in methanol were different from those in water and a high Bronsted/Lewis acid ratio (known as B/L acid ratio) of solid catalysts is needed to prevent the generation of by-products, namely, methyl lactate and 1,1,2-trimethoxyethane. This new-proposed reaction mechanism affected by the B/L acid ratio was very helpful for the design of efficient catalysts.

关键词： computer programming languages Cellulose SOLID CATALYST Methanol lanthanum Reaction Mechanisms Depth of exploration Lewis acids acids Catalysts methyl lactate Alcoholysis

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A novel approach to decision support and optimization of group job handling for multimodal processes in manufacturing and services

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015年第3期28卷 2115-2120页

作者： Sitek, P. Wikarek, J. Department of Control and Management Systems Kielce University of Technology Poland

This study deals with decision support system and optimization of parallel handling of groups of jobs. All jobs in a group should be delivered at the same time after processing. The authors present a novel hybrid approach, which includes the modelling of the problem in the integrated environment, composed of MP (Mathematical programming) and CLP (Constraint Logic programming). In addition to the iterative algorithm for solving the hybrid model under dynamic emergence of new orders, the paper proposes the transformation and linearization of the model in CLP/MP environment. Opportunity to ask questions and receive quick answers, taking into account any constraints, conditions and dynamics, constitutes an invaluable support to the manager. The paper proposes new CLP-based functionalities and an illustrative example with the model for service providers (a restaurant). © 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision support systems Artificial intelligence computer circuits computer programming languages Iterative methods Logic programming Manufacture Mathematical programming Optimization Constraint Logic programming Decision supports Dynamic emergence Group processing Integrated environment Iterative algorithm Multi modal Service provider

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When Matter Becomes Media How Our New Tools Are Reinventing Physicality

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 2016年第5期86卷 100-107页

作者： Bitonti, Francis A.

According to designer Francis A Bitonti , the full potential of technologies such as 3D printing has barely begun to be discovered. Through three of his studio's projects, he demonstrates benefits such as the infinite variations in product form that are achievable via the use of algorithms, as well as the carbon‐reduction prospects of locally printed customised products. He sees a future where, rather than dictating fashions, brands will become platforms for co‐creation.

关键词： Francis Bitonti Studio Mutatio shoes for United Nude Yoda Information Age Stratasys computer programming languages Cloud Collection Industrial Revolution

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A Device for Noninvasive Measurement of Repetition Frequency of Single-Motor-Unit Action Potential

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Biomedical Engineering 2015年第3期49卷 160-163页

作者： Ostanin, S.A. Shayduk, A.M. Altai State University Barnaul Russia Altai State Medical University Barnaul Russia

A device for noninvasive measurement of the repetition frequency of single-motor-unit action potential is described. The device was built using virtual instruments in LabVIEW software. The mathematical foundations of ... 详细信息

关键词： computer programming languages

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StratusML: A Layered Cloud Modeling Framework

StratusML: A Layered Cloud Modeling Framework

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2015 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering

作者： Hamdaqa, Mohammad Tahvildari, Ladan Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Software Technol Appl Res STAR Grp Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781479982189

The main quest for cloud stakeholders is to find an optimal deployment architecture for cloud applications that maximizes availability, minimizes cost, and addresses portability and scalability. Unfortunately, the lack of a unified definition and adequate modeling language and methodologies that address the cloud domain specific characteristics makes architecting efficient cloud applications a daunting task. This paper introduces StratusML: a technology agnostic integrated modeling framework for cloud applications. StratusML provides an intuitive user interface that allows the cloud stakeholders (i.e., providers, developers, administrators, and financial decision makers) to define their application services, configure them, specify the applications' behaviour at runtime through a set of adaptation rules, and estimate cost under diverse cloud platforms and configurations. Moreover, through a set of model transformation templates, StratusML maintains consistency between the various artifacts of cloud applications. This paper presents StratusML and illustrates its usefulness and practical applicability from different stakeholder perspectives. A demo video, usage scenario and other relevant information can be found at the StratusML webpage [1].

关键词： Cloud Applications Cloud Modeling Framework Domain Specific Modeling Language StratusML Template-based Model Transformation CLOUDS Clouds computer programming languages Program Behavior decision makers Portability Management Personnel

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Separation of Concerns and Concern Granularity in Source Code 13

Separation of Concerns and Concern Granularity in Source Cod...

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IEEE 13th International Scientific Conference on Informatics

作者： Juhar, Jan Vokorokos, Liberios Tech Univ Kosice Dept Comp & Informat Kosice Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467398688

Software systems deal with many concerns that are defined by the user or by the system requirements. These concerns are often implemented in multiple places throughout the source code, despite any decomposition technique that may be used. There are approaches and tools that try to separate concerns present in the system, usually using methods as the smallest unit of concern granularity. In this work we present an overview of such existing tools. Furthermore, we have conducted a case study to learn what level of granularity is considered useful for identifying concerns in the source code. The case study involved programmers identifying concerns within familiar codebases that covered multiple programming languages. The study shows the statement-level granularity is being generally used, while finer-grained concern resolution may not be of a great value.

关键词： computer programming languages

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Intuitionistic Ancestral Logic as a Dependently Typed Abstract programming Language 1

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22nd International Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC)

作者： Cohen, Liron Constable, Robert L. Tel Aviv Univ IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel Cornell Univ Ithaca NY USA

ISBN: (数字)9783662477090

ISBN: (纸本)9783662477090;9783662477083

It is well-known that concepts and methods of logic (more specifically constructive logic) occupy a central place in computer science. While it is quite common to identify 'logic' with 'first-order logic' (FOL), a careful examination of the various applications of logic in computer science reveals that FOL is insufficient for most of them, and that its most crucial shortcoming is its inability to provide inductive definitions in general, and the notion of the transitive closure in particular. The minimal logic that can serve for this goal is ancestral logic (AL). In this paper we define a constructive version of AL, pure intuitionistic ancestral logic (iAL), extending pure intuitionistic first-order logic (iFOL). This logic is a dependently typed abstract programming language with computational functionality beyond iFOL, given by its realizer for the transitive closure operator TC, which corresponds to recursive programs. We derive this operator from the natural type theoretic definition of TC using intersection type. We show that provable formulas in iAL are uniformly realizable, thus iAL is sound with respect to constructive type theory. We further outline how iAL can serve as a natural framework for reasoning about programs.

关键词： computer programming languages

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An Open Framework for Semantic Code Queries on Heterogeneous Repositories

An Open Framework for Semantic Code Queries on Heterogeneous...

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International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering

作者： Zhang, Tian Pan, Minxue Zhao, Jizhou Yu, Yijun Li, Xuandong Nanjing Univ State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Collaborat Innovat Ctr Novel Software Technol & I Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Open Univ Dept Comp & Commun Ctr Res Comp Milton Keynes Bucks England

ISBN: (纸本)9781467376129

To help developers understand and reuse programs, semantic queries on the source code itself is attractive. Although programs in heterogeneous languages are being controlled for collaborative software development, most queries supported by various source code repositories are based either on the metadata of the repositories, or on indexed identifiers and method signatures. Few provide full support to search for semantic structures that are common across different programming languages. To facilitate the understanding and reuses, in this paper, we propose a novel source code query framework that (1) supports the semantic code queries across different programming languages with a new query language;(2) transforms source code to a unified abstract syntax format and handles heterogeneity at the abstract level;(3) stores source code on a cloud-based NoSQL storage in MangoDB. The efficiency of the framework has been evaluated and confirmed by experiments.

关键词： computer programming languages

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An Empirical Study on the Patterns of Eye Movement during Summarization Tasks

An Empirical Study on the Patterns of Eye Movement during Su...

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ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)

作者： Rodeghero, Paige McMillan, Collin Univ Notre Dame Dept Comp Sci & Engn Notre Dame IN 46556 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467378994

Eye movement patterns are the order in which keywords or sections of keywords are read. These patterns are an important component of how programmers read source code. One strategy for determining how programmers perform summarization tasks is through eye tracking studies. These studies examine where people focus their attention while viewing text or images. In this study, we expand on eye tracking analysis to determine the eye movement patterns of programmers. We begin the study with a qualitative exploration of the eye movement patterns used by 10 professional programmers from an earlier study. We then use what we learned qualitatively to perform a quantitative analysis of those patterns. We found that all ten of the programmers followed nearly identical eye movement patterns. These patterns were analogous to eye movement patterns of reading natural language.

关键词： object tracking programming eye movement pattern eye tracking analysis programmers quantitative analysis source code summarization tasks Companies computer languages Gaze tracking Natural languages Tracking computer personnel computer programming languages natural languages Eye movement pattern Eye Movements Source code Gaze tracking QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Companies programming tracking tracking objects

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POWER: A Cloud-Based Mobile Augmentation Approach for Web-and Cross-Platform Applications 4

POWER: A Cloud-Based Mobile Augmentation Approach for Web-an...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)

作者： Reiter, Andreas Zefferer, Thomas Graz Univ Technol Inst Appl Informat Proc & Commun IAIK Inffeldgasse 16a A-8010 Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467395014

Despite their continuously growing popularity, mobile end-user devices still suffer from limited computing resources. This complicates the use of complex mobile applications that require resource-intensive computations. Recently, several frameworks have been developed that enable mobile applications to follow the cloud-based mobile augmentation (CMA) approach. This approach defines a strategy to dynamically outsource resource-intensive tasks to external resources. None of the existing frameworks focuses on cross-platform applicability and interoperability issues. We propose an innovative approach, which provides a high level of flexibility in order to meet requirements of different mobile use cases and application scenarios. The POWER framework is applicable on all major mobile platforms and supports various types of external resources. Furthermore, we prove the feasibility of the proposed framework on current mobile end- user devices by means of a concrete implementation. Evaluation results yield significant performance boosts for resource-intensive tasks on mobile end-user devices. With the POWER framework we pave the way for complex mobile applications.

关键词： cloud computing mobile computing open systems POWER framework Web-platform applications cloud-based mobile augmentation approach complex mobile applications cross-platform applications interoperability mobile end-user devices resource-intensive computations resource-intensive tasks outsourcing computer languages Concrete Interoperability Mobile communication Mobile computing Mobile handsets Operating systems Mobile Computing Interoperability computer programming languages Mobile phones Operating systems mobile communication open systems Cloud Computing Concrete Mobile Applications Mobile End users

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