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Thinking Clearly About Performance, Part 2

COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2010年第10期53卷 39-45页

作者： Millsap, Cary Method R Corporation

The article, the second of a series which began in the September 2010 issue of the journal, analyzes principles of software design. It focuses on high-performance software, and heuristics which can help identify methods of improving performance. Specific factors discussed include risk minimization, efficiency of execution, and queuing and coherency delays caused by increased system loads. The concept of a knee is explained, as a section of a curve where response times and throughput are optimally balanced. The pernicious aspects of surrogate measures and the benefits of performance instrumentation are also discussed.

关键词： computer software development computer programming computer programming management Queuing theory computer software testing computer software execution software architecture Performance Management of computer software execution computer software ergonomics Program transformation (computer programming) software failures

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Effects of time lag of utterances to communicative actions on embodied interaction with robot and CG character

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-computer INTERACTION 2008年第1期24卷 87-107页

作者： Yamamoto, Michiya Watanabe, Tomio Okayama Prefectural Univ Fac Comp Sci & Syst Engn Okayama 7191197 Japan Okayama Prefectural Univ CREST JST Okayama Japan

The timing involved in generating communicative actions and utterances in a face-to-face greeting interaction for application in robot-human and computer-generated (CG) character-human interaction support systems is analyzed by synthesis. First, an analysis of human greeting clarifies the average pause and the average time delay in the utterance to a communicative action. Then, a synthesis-based analysis is performed by using an embodied robot system. This analysis confirms that the variation in the pause and the lag in the utterance to communicative actions produce different communicative effects, for example, a lag of about 0.3 sec is desirable for a familiar greeting and a longer lag is appropriate for a polite greeting. In addition, the synthesis-based analysis performed on a CG character system confirms the timing control effects. These results demonstrate the importance of timing control in embodied interactions as well as the applicability of such interactions in advanced communications with robots and CG characters.

关键词： Human-computer interaction Artificial intelligence ergonomics Communication & technology computer software ergonomics software measurement Robot programming

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Making Ubiquitous Computing Available

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2009年第10期52卷 127-130页

作者： Waller, Vivienne Johnston, Robert B. Univ Coll Dublin CITO Dublin Ireland Univ Coll Dublin Informat Syst & Org Dublin Ireland

The article presents a discussion of ubiquitous computing. It presents a set of design principles derived from philosophical considerations, which are said to provide a guide to the successful creation of ubiquitous computing devices. The writings of Martin Heidegger are cited, particularly his observation that representations of the world can be distracting, and interrupt the flow of a person's actions. Similarly, computing devices that involve the manipulation of representative imagery are not transparent in terms of cognitive availability. Heidegger's analysis of how people are dynamically situated in the world is recommended for conceptualizing how to design technologies that are cognitively available.

关键词： Distributed computing Ubiquitous computing Design & technology computer software ergonomics Embedded computer systems Human-machine relationship Radio frequency identification systems

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Managing a Corporate Open Source software Asset

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2010年第2期53卷 155-159页

作者： Gurbani, Vijay K. Garvert, Anita Herbsleb, James D. Alcatel Lucent Lisle IL USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Software Ind Ctr Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

The article presents information on adapting the open source model of software development to a corporate environment. It is argued that such a model can be a suitable starting point for some corporate software development projects. These are described as cases where a technology is immature, features modular architecture, and is needed by multiple product groups, each of which can contribute to software development. An outline of the ways in which corporate open source (COS) needs to differ from traditional open source models in order to be effective is presented.

关键词： Open source software Business software computer software development Teams in the workplace Intellectual cooperation Corporate culture Intellectual capital Information technology Innovation management Development of application software computer software ergonomics computer-supported cooperative work

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Creativity support tools - Accelerating discovery and innovation

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2007年第12期50卷 20-+页

作者： Shneiderman, Ben Univ Maryland Inst Adv Comp Studies Dept Comp Sci Human Comp Interact Lab College Pk MD 20742 USA

The article discusses the role of software in enhancing individual creativity. Early software development focused on increasing economic productivity. A more recent and greater challenge is to produce "creativity support tools." Guiding principles for tool designers include an openness to exploration and collaboration, and a willingness to produce tools that are easy for novices to use, yet suitably ambitious for experts. Traditional benchmarking is not apt be appropriate in such relatively unstructured environments.

关键词： computer software Groupware (computer software) computer software development computer programmers World Wide Web User interfaces (computer systems) computer science Creative ability Tools -- software computer software ergonomics

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GENIUS: Generating software-ergonomic user interfaces

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-computer INTERACTION 1996年第2期8卷 115-144页

作者： Bullinger, HJ Fahnrich, KP Weisbecker, A FRAUNHOFER INST ARBEITSWIRTSCHAFT & ORG D-70176 STUTTGARTGERMANY

GENIUS (GENerator for user Interfaces Using software-ergonomic rules) comprises a method and the supporting tool environment for the generation of user interfaces from extended data models by means of software-ergonomic rules. The representation of the user interface is based on views defined for the data model. The basic dialogue structure is derived from the data model structure. This ensures the development of task-appropriate user interfaces by transferring the characteristics of the application domain and the user's tasks reflected in the data model to the dialogue structure. The automatic generation of the user interface from the defined views is carried out by a rule-based system with explicit design rules derived from existing guidelines. Output is generated for an existing user interface management system. The software-ergonomic rules in the generation process guarantee the consistent use of interaction objects and a uniformed dialogue structure. The use of the data model as the starting point for the generation of the user interface ensures the integration of software engineering and user interface design by the consistent use of data for application and user interface development. The generation with GENIUS reduces the development effort and improves the quality of the user interface.

关键词： User interfaces (computer systems) computer software ergonomics

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Human-computer interaction and social media in safety-critical systemsEditorial

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JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2018年第1期26卷 2-3页

作者： Reuter, Christian Mentler, Tilo Univ Siegen Siegen Germany Univ Lubeck Lubeck Germany

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses articles within the issue on topics including human-computer interaction, social media in safetycritical systems, and software ergonomics.

关键词： Human-computer interaction Social media computer software ergonomics

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