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The shape of the corpus callosum is different in bipolar disorder

ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA 2024年 37卷 e36-e36页

作者： Namli, Mustafa Nuray Baykara, Sema Gul, Ozlem Baykara, Murat Bakirkoy Res & Training Hosp Psychiat & Neurol Dis Dept Psychiat Istanbul Turkiye Erenkoy Psychiat & Neurol Training & Res Hosp Dept Psychiat Istanbul Turkiye Istinye Univ Dept Psychiat Istanbul Turkiye Haydarpasa Numune Training & Res Hosp Dept Radiol Istanbul Turkiye

Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent chronic disorder characterised by fluctuations in mood and energy disposition. Diseases could lead to degenerative alterations in brain structures such as corpus callosum (CC). Studies demonstrated that abnormalities in CC are associated with BD symptoms. The present study aims to analyse the CC of the patients with statistical shape analysis (SSA) and compare the findings with healthy controls. Methods: Forty-one BD patients and 41 healthy individuals in similar age groups, which included 23 female and 18 male subjects, participated in the study. CC was marked with landmarks on the mid-sagittal images of each individual. The mean ' Procrustes ' point was calculated, and shape deformations were analysed with thin-plate spline analysis. Results: Significant differences were observed in the shape of CC between the two groups, where maximum CC deformation was observed in posterior region marks in BD patients. There was no significant difference between the CC area of the BD patients and controls. Conclusions: CC analysis conducted with SSA revealed significant differences between patients and healthy controls. The study findings emphasised the abnormal distribution of white matter in CC and the variable subregional nature of CC in BD patients. This study may enable the development of more targeted and effective treatment strategies by taking into account biological factors and understanding the differences in the brain regions of individuals with BD.

关键词： Corpus callosum bipolar disorder magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging computer-assisted image processing

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Comparative morphology of the pituitary gland in Australian flying foxes (Megachiroptera:Genus Pteropus)

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ANATOMICAL RECORD 1996年第1期244卷 70-77页

作者： OBrien, GM Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Queensland Queensland 4072 Australia

Background: Investigations of reproductive endocrinology of flying foxes (genus Pteropus) have been hampered by inadequate information on the normal morphology of the megachiropteran pituitary. Methods: The novel technique of graphical three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction, supported by more traditional anatomical techniques, have now been used to examine the shapes of, the interrelations between, the lobes of the pituitary of the little red flying fox, Pteropus scapulatus. Statistical analysis of data from three species tested whether there were changes in pituitary size with annual cycles in function, particularly with key stages of reproduction. Results: In the three species of Australian flying foxes examined, the hypophyseal cleft is closed;the pars intermedia extends over the rostral, ventral, and lateral surfaces of the neural lobe, The pars distalis is broad rostrally and extends over two-thirds of the lateral and ventral pars intermedia. The hypophyseal recess is broad at the median eminence, then narrows and extends through the infundibulum to, but not into, the neural lobe, In adult animals the pituitary weight was 10.0 +/- 0.3 mg (mean +/- s.e.) in P. scapulatus, 14.7 +/- 0.5 mg in Pteropus poliocephalus (greyheaded flying foxes), and 18.7 +/- 1.5 mg in Pteropus alecto (black flying foxes). Pituitary weight was not significantly affected by reproductive stage. Conclusions: Thus histologically, the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis are similar to those of other mammals. Comparative differences in pituitary size reflected differences in species body size rather than cyclical reproduction. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： comparative anatomy reproduction periodicity seasons bat chiroptera hypophysis organ weight computer-assisted image processing

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Automatic evaluation of arterial diameter variation from vascular echographic images

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ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2001年第12期27卷 1621-1629页

作者： Beux, F Carmassi, S Salvetti, MV Ghiadoni, L Huang, Y Taddei, S Salvetti, A Univ Pisa Dept Internal Med I-56100 Pisa Italy Scuola Normale Super Pisa Pisa Italy Ctr TEA Consorzio Pisa Ric Pisa Italy Univ Pisa Dipartimento Ingn Aeorsp Pisa Italy

An automatic procedure for accurate arterial diameter evaluation from B-mode images obtained by diagnostic ultrasound systems is presented. It is used for measuring brachial artery dilation following reactive hyperemia induced by forearm ischemia, which is an appropriate parameter to study endothelial function in humans. B-mode images obtained from the diagnostic ultrasound system are acquired on a personal computer as grey intensity fields (pixels). A completely automatic algorithm is then applied and the artery walls are identified by two discrete sets of points. Artery diameter is evaluated by parabolic least-square approximation. The accuracy and extensive range of applicability of the diameter evaluation procedure were demonstrated both by preliminary analytic test cases and in vivo analyses. Reproducibility of the diameter estimate was assessed by in vivo measurements. The proposed procedure permits fast and accurate analysis of large amounts of data, because it requires no action by the operator. It thus represents a valuable tool for assessment of endotheliumdependent vasodilation, especially in large, multicentric clinical trials. (E-mail: ***@***) (C) 2002 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine Biology.

关键词： endothelium-dependent response B-mode images ultrasound arterial distension computer-assisted image processing

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Novel Three-Dimensional Bladder Reconstruction Model from B-Mode Ultrasound image to Improve the Accuracy of Bladder Volume Measurement

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SENSORS 2021年第14期21卷 4893页

作者： Chang, Meng-Lin Li, Hsiao-Chi Liu, Chang-Keng Chiang, Han-Sun Hsu, Chien-Chang Fu Jen Catholic Univ Fu Jen Catholic Univ Hosp Dept Urol New Taipei 24352 Taiwan Fu Jen Catholic Univ Sch Med Coll Med New Taipei 242062 Taiwan Fu Jen Catholic Univ Grad Inst Appl Sci & Engn New Taipei 242062 Taiwan Fu Jen Catholic Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn New Taipei 242062 Taiwan Fu Jen Catholic Univ Grad Inst Comp Sci & Informat Engn New Taipei 242062 Taiwan Cardinal Tien Hosp Div Urol Dept Surg New Taipei 23148 Taiwan

Traditional bladder volume measurement from B-mode (two-dimensional) ultrasound has been found to produce inaccurate results, and thus in this work we aim to improve the accuracy of measurement from B-mode ultrasound. A total of 75 electronic medical records including ultrasonic images were reviewed retrospectively from 64 patients. We put forward a novel bladder volume measurement method, in which a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model was established from conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonic images to estimate the bladder volume. The differences and relationships were analyzed among the actual volume, the traditional estimated volume, and the new reconstruction model estimated volume. We also compared the data in different volume groups from small volume to high volume. The mean actual volume is 531.8 mL and the standard deviation is 268.7 mL;the mean percentage error of traditional estimation is -28%. In our new bladder measurement method, the mean percentage error is -10.18% (N = 2), -4.72% (N = 3), -0.33% (N = 4), and 2.58% (N = 5). There is no significant difference between the actual volume and our new bladder measurement method (N = 4) in all data or the divided four groups. The estimated volumes from the traditional method or our new method are highly correlated with the actual volume. Our data show that the three-dimensional bladder reconstruction model provides an accurate measurement from conventional B-mode ultrasonic images compared with the traditional method. The accuracy is seen across different groups of volume, and thus we can conclude that this is a reliable and economical volume measurement model that can be applied in general software or in apps on mobile devices.

关键词： imaging algorithms bladder post-void residual urine (PVR) computer-assisted image processing ultrasound

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Autophagy is redundant for the host defense against systemic Candida albicans infections

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014年第5期33卷 711-722页

作者： Smeekens, S. P. Malireddi, R. K. Plantinga, T. S. Buffen, K. Oosting, M. Joosten, L. A. B. Kullberg, B. J. Perfect, J. R. Scott, W. K. van de Veerdonk, F. L. Xavier, R. J. van de Vosse, E. Kanneganti, T. -D. Johnson, M. D. Netea, M. G. Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr Dept Med NL-6525 GA Nijmegen Netherlands Nijmegen Inst Infect Inflammat & Immun N4i NL-6525 GA Nijmegen Netherlands St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Immunol Memphis TN 38105 USA Duke Univ Med Ctr Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth Durham NC 27710 USA Campbell Univ Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci Durham NC 27710 USA Univ Miami Miller Sch Med Dr John T Macdonald Fdn Dept Human Genet Miami FL 33136 USA Univ Miami Miller Sch Med John P Hussman Inst Human Genom Miami FL 33136 USA MIT Broad Inst Cambridge MA 02142 USA Harvard Univ Cambridge MA 02142 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Ctr Computat & Integrat Biol Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Gastrointestinal Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Massachusetts Gen Hosp Ctr Study Inflammatory Bowel Dis Boston MA 02114 USA Leiden Univ Med Ctr Dept Infect Dis NL-2333 ZA Leiden Netherlands

Autophagy has been demonstrated to play an important role in the immunity against intracellular pathogens, but very little is known about its role in the host defense against fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans. Therefore, the role of autophagy for the host defense against C. albicans was assessed by complementary approaches using mice defective in autophagy, as well as immunological and genetic studies in humans. Although C. albicans induced LC3-II formation in macrophages, myeloid cell-specific ATG7(-/-) mice with defects in autophagy did not display an increased susceptibility to disseminated candidiasis. In in vitro experiments in human blood mononuclear cells, blocking autophagy modulated cytokine production induced by lipopolysaccharide, but not by C. albicans. Furthermore, autophagy modulation in human monocytes did not influence the phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans. Finally, 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 13 autophagy genes were not associated with susceptibility to candidemia or clinical outcome of disease in a large cohort of patients, and there was no correlation between these genetic variants and cytokine production in either candidemia patients or healthy controls. Based on these complementary in vitro and in vivo studies, it can be concluded that autophagy is redundant for the host response against systemic infections with C. albicans.

关键词： Amygdala Cerebral cortex computer-assisted image processing Hippocampus Magnetic resonance imaging Neuroanatomy Reproducibility of results Thalamus Amygdala Thalamus host defense Autophagy Hippocampus candidemia cytokine production Neuroanatomy Cerebral Cortex computer-assisted image processing Reproducibility of Results Systemic candidiasis

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Increased pulmonary artery diameter is associated with reduced FEV1 in former World Trade Center workers

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CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2019年第10期13卷 614-623页

作者： de la Hoz, Rafael E. Jeon, Yunho Reeves, Anthony P. Estepar, Raul San Jose Liu, Xiaoyu Doucette, John T. Celedon, Juan C. Nolan, Anna Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Environm Med & Publ Hlth New York NY 10029 USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Med New York NY 10029 USA Cornell Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Ithaca NY USA Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Radiol 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Populat Hlth Sci & Policy New York NY 10029 USA Univ Pittsburgh Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh Div Pediat Pulm Med Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA NYU Sch Med Dept Med New York NY USA

Rationale Occupational exposures at the WTC site after September 11, 2001 have been associated with several presumably inflammatory lower airway diseases. Pulmonary arterial enlargement, as suggested by an increased ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the diameter of the aorta (PAAr) has been reported as a computed tomographic (CT) scan marker of adverse respiratory health outcomes, including WTC-related disease. In this study, we sought to utilize a novel quantitative CT (QCT) measurement of PAAr to test the hypothesis that an increased ratio is associated with FEV1 below each subject's statistically determined lower limit of normal (FEV1 < LLN). Methods In a group of 1,180 WTC workers and volunteers, we examined whether FEV1 < LLN was associated with an increased QCT-measured PAAr, adjusting for previously identified important covariates. Results Unadjusted analyses showed a statistically significant association of FEV1 < LLN with PAAr (35.3% vs 24.7%, P = 0.0001), as well as with height, body mass index, early arrival at the WTC disaster site, shorter WTC exposure duration, post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL) score, wall area percent and evidence of bronchodilator response. The multivariate logistic regression model confirmed the association of FEV1 < LLN with PAAr (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.21, 2.20, P = 0.0015) and all the unadjusted associations, except for PCL score. Conclusions In WTC workers, FEV1 < LLN is associated with elevated PAAr which, although likely multifactorial, may be related to distal vasculopathy, as has been hypothesized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

关键词： 2001 computer-assisted image processing multidetector computed tomography occupational medicine pulmonary artery smoke inhalation injury spirometry World Trade Center attack

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Fully automated contour detection of the ascending aorta in cardiac 2D phase-contrast MRI

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 2018年 47卷 77-82页

作者： Codari, Marina Scarabello, Marco Secchi, Francesco Sforza, Chiarella Baselli, Giuseppe Sardanelli, Francesco IRCCS Policlin San Donato Unit Radiol Via Morandi 30 I-20097 Milan Italy Univ Milan Postgrad Sch Radiodiagnost Via Festa Perdono 7 I-20122 Milan Italy Univ Milan Dept Biomed Sci Hlth Via Mangiagalli 31 I-20133 Milan Italy Politecn Milan Dept Elect Informat & Bioengn Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32 I-20133 Milan Italy Univ Milan Dept Biomed Sci Hlth Via Morandi 30 I-20097 Milan Italy

Purpose: In this study we proposed a fully automated method for localizing and segmenting the ascending aortic lumen with phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). Material and methods: Twenty-five phase-contrast series were randomly selected out of a large population dataset of patients whose cardiac MRI examination, performed from September 2008 to October 2013, was unremarkable. The local Ethical Committee approved this retrospective study. The ascending aorta was automatically identified on each phase of the cardiac cycle using a priori knowledge of aortic geometry. The frame that maximized the area, eccentricity, and solidity parameters was chosen for unsupervised initialization. Aortic segmentation was performed on each frame using active contouring without edges techniques. The entire algorithm was developed using Matlab R2016b. To validate the proposed method, the manual segmentation performed by a highly experienced operator was used. Dice similarity coefficient, Bland-Altman analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used as performance metrics. Results: Comparing automated and manual segmentation of the aortic lumen on 714 images, Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of -6.68 mm(2), a coefficient of repeatability of 91.22 mm(2), a mean area measurement of 581.40 mm(2), and a reproducibility of 85%. Automated and manual segmentation were highly correlated (R = 0.98). The Dice similarity coefficient versus the manual reference standard was 94.6 +/- 2.1% (mean +/- standard deviation). Conclusion: A fully automated and robust method for identification and segmentation of ascending aorta on PC-MRI was developed. Its application on patients with a variety of pathologic conditions is advisable.

关键词： Aorta Magnetic resonance imaging computer-assisted image processing

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THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF KI-67 ANTIGEN IN NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA OF WALDEYER RING AND THE NASAL CAVITY

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CANCER 1992年第9期70卷 2342-2349页

作者： YAMANAKA, N HARABUCHI, Y KATAURA, A Department of Otolaryngology Sapporo Medical College Sapporo Japan

Background. A monoclonal antibody, Ki-67, recognizes an antigen expressed in all phases of the cell cycle, except G0, and can be used as a simple histologic marker of cell proliferation. To assess the prognostic value of the growth fraction in non-Hodgkin lymphoma of Waldeyer ring (W-NHL) and the nasal cavity (N-NHL), the authors applied Ki-67 immunostaining combined with image analysis on such lymphomas. Methods. The authors studied 29 patients (18 with W-NHL and 11 with N-NHL), applying Ki-67 to frozen sections. The number of Ki-67-positive cells in a unit area (0.044 mm2), as an indicator of proliferative activity, and the mean area per Ki-67-positive cell (mum2), as an indicator of DNA content, were measured by the image processing system. Results. High-grade lymphomas showed a significantly larger number of Ki-67-positive cells than intermediate-grade lymphomas (102.5 +/- 21.6 in high-grade and 46.8 +/- 8.92 in intermediate-grade lymphomas, P = 0.03), even when analyzed separately by immunopheinotypes. A large mean area per Ki-67-positive cell was associated significantly with a T-cell phenotype (36.3 +/- 7.69 mum2 in T-cell lymphomas and 19.4 +/- 2.33 mum2 in B-cell lymphomas, P = 0.034) and an unfavorable clinical outcome. High proliferative activity, defined as nuclear Ki-67 expression in 2000 or more B-cell lymphoma cells and 1000 or more T-cell lymphoma cells in a 1-mm2 area, was found to be a strong predictor of poor survival among these patients (P = 0.048 and P = 0.009, respectively). Conclusions. Ki-67 immunostaining, combined with image analysis, is a novel method for determining a tumor proliferative index that provides useful clinical data regarding head and neck lymphomas.

关键词： KI-67 ANTIGEN computer-assisted image processing NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA WALDEYER RING NASAL CAVITY B-CELL LYMPHOMA T-CELL LYMPHOMA

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Effect of exposure parameters and voxel size on bone structure analysis in CBCT

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DENTOMAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY 2015年第8期44卷 art. no. 20150078-art. no. 20150078页

作者： Pauwels, R. Faruangsaeng, T. Charoenkarn, T. Ngonphloy, N. Panmekiate, S. Chulalongkorn Univ Fac Dent Dept Radiol Bangkok Thailand Univ Leuven Biomed Sci Grp Dept Imaging & Pathol OMFS IMPATH Res GrpOral Imaging Ctr Leuven Belgium

Objective: To evaluate the effect of exposure parameters and voxel size on bone structure analysis in dental CBCT. Methods: 20 cylindrical bone samples underwent CBCT scanning (3D Accuitomo 170;J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan) using three combinations of tube voltage (kV) and tube current-exposure time product (mAs), corresponding with a CT dose index of 3.4 mGy: 90 kV and 62 mAs, 73 kV and 108.5 mAs, and 64 kV and 155 mAs. images were reconstructed with a voxel size of 0.080 mm. In addition, the 90 kV scan was reconstructed at voxel sizes of 0.125, 0.160, 0.200, 0.250 and 0.300 mm. The following parameters were measured: bone surface (BS) and bone volume (BV) per total volume (TV), fractal dimension, connectivity density, anisotropy, trabecular thickness (Tb. Th.) and trabecular spacing (Tb. Sp.), structure model index (SMI), plateness, branches, junctions, branch length and triple points. Results: For most parameters, there was no significant effect of the kV value. For BV/TV, "90 kV" differed significantly from the other kV settings;for SMI, "64 vs 73 kV" was significant. For BS/TV, fractal dimension, connectivity density, branches, junctions and triple points values incrementally decreased at larger voxel sizes, whereas an increase was seen for Tb. Th., Tb. Sp., SMI and branch length. For anisotropy and plateness, no (or little) effect of voxel size was seen;for BV/TV, the effect was inconsistent. Conclusions: Most bone structure parameters are not affected by the kV if the radiation dose is constant. Parameters dealing with the trabecular structure are heavily affected by the voxel size.

关键词： cone beam CT bone quality trabecular bone computer-assisted image processing

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Dependence of the Ki67 Labelling Index of Selected Canine Tumours on Patient Age, Sex and Tumour Size

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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY 2022年 193卷 1-8页

作者： Firsching, Theresa C. Dietert, Kristina Bartel, Alexander Doherr, Marcus G. Gruber, Achim D. Free Univ Berlin Inst Vet Pathol Berlin Germany Free Univ Berlin Vet Ctr Resistance Res Berlin Germany Free Univ Berlin Inst Vet Epidemiol & Biostat Berlin Germany

Cell proliferation is a fundamental criterion in the assessment of malignant progression of many tumours and an essential parameter in several grading schemes. However, proliferation may be dependent on patient age and other variables, as shown in normal tissues, cultured cells and human neoplasms. We thus hypothesized that age or other patient or tumour-related parameters might generally affect proliferation in canine neoplasms, which might be of value for optimizing prognostic algorithms. We performed linear regression analyses to associate age, sex and tumour size with digitally quantified immunohistochemical Ki67 labelling indices (Ki67LIs) of 495 canine tumours, including cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs, n = 70), soft tissue sarcomas (n = 61), plasmacytomas (n = 86), trichoblastomas (n = 62) and perianal gland adenomas (PGAs, n = 95) as well as testicular interstitial (n = 65) and Sertoli cell tumours (n = 56). In MCTs, the Ki67-LI increased 1.13-fold per year of age (P < 0.05) in bitches but not in males. Conversely, in PGAs it rose 1.10-fold per year in males (P < 0.05) while it decreased 0.95-fold in bitches (P = 0.37). Only in MCTs and PGAs was the Ki67-LI associated with tumour size, albeit in oppositional directions (MCTs: 1.26-fold per cm diameter, P < 0.01;PGAs: 0.76-fold, P < 0.01). No correlations were found in the other tumour types. The few sex dependent correlations with patient age and tumour size established here indicate highly tumour-type specific mechanisms, but the diagnostic consequences are uncertain. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer-assisted image processing proliferation tumour cell biology tumour diagnostics

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