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Suppressive effects on allergic contact dermatitis by short-term fasting

TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY 2001年第2期29卷 200-207页

作者： Nakamura, H Kouda, K Fan, WY Watanabe, T Takeuchi, H Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med Dept Publ Hlth Hamamatsu Shizuoka 4313192 Japan

Fasting alters various hormonal and immune conditions. It has been reported that delayed type immune response to the injection of keyhole limpet hemocyanin was depressed by short-term fasting. In this study, we adopted the computer-assisted image analyzer for histopathological analysis and evaluated the influence of short-term fasting on allergic contact dermatitis induced by 24-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Mice were sensitized by painting of DNFB to the abdomen. After the sensitization, mice were challenged by DNFB painting to the car. Fasting started 24 hour before (48-hour fasted group) or immediately after (24-hour fasted group) the challenging. Fasting without DNFB treatment did not induce remarkable change of ear thickness, ear tissue, serum albumin, serum total protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, or serum creatine phosphokinase. In contrast, fasting suppressed the increment of ear thickness in the DNFB-treated group in this Study. We Could also demonstrate, using the computerized image analyzer, that both lymphocyte infiltration and the edema in the dermis were suppressed in fasted mice treated with DNFB. Further, edema in the dermis was inhibited more strongly in 48-hour fasted mice than in 24-hour fasted mice. These findings indicate that short-term fasting induce histopathological changes in the state of contact dermatitis.

关键词： computer-assisted image processing contact eczema delayed type hypersensitivity dinitrofluorobenzene mice starvation

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Quantitative assessment of regional cerebral blood flows by perfusion CT studies at low injection rates: a critical review of the underlying theoretical models

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EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY 2001年第7期11卷 1220-1230页

作者： Wintermark, M Maeder, P Thiran, JP Schnyder, P Meuli, R Univ Hosp Dept Diagnost & Intervent Radiol CH-1011 Lausanne Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol Signal Proc Lab CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Viability of the cerebral parenchyma is dependent on cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is usually kept in a very narrow range due to efficient autoregulation processes and can be altered in a variety of pathological conditions. An accurate method allowing for a quantitative assessment of regional cerebral blood flows (rCBF) and available for the routine clinical practice would, for sure, greatly contribute to improving the management of patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Different imaging techniques are now available to evaluate rCBF: positron emission tomography;single photon emission CT;stable-xenon CT;perfusion CT: and perfusion MRI. Each of these imaging techniques uses an indicator, with specific biological properties, and is supported by a model, which consists of a few simplifying assumptions, necessary to state and solve the equations giving access to rCBF The obtained results are more or less reliable, depending on whether modeling hypotheses are fulfilled by the used indicator. The purpose of this article is to review the various supporting models in the assessment of rCBF with special emphasis on perfusion CT studies at low injection rates and on iodinated contrast material used as an indicator.

关键词： cerebral perfusion cerebrovascular disorders cardiovascular models spiral CT computer-assisted image processing

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Automated nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging

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METHODS OF INFORMATION IN MEDICINE 2001年第4期40卷 331-337页

作者： Hsu, CC Lai, PH Lee, C Huang, WC Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan Kaohsiung Vet Gen Hosp Dept Radiol Kaohsiung Taiwan Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci Dept Management Informat Syst Tainan Taiwan Yung Ta Inst Technol & Commerce Pingtung Taiwan

Objectives. The purpose of this research is to develop an automatic medical diagnosis for segmenting nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Methods: This system is a multistage process, involving motion correction, head mask generation, dynamic MR data quantitative evaluation, rough segmentation, and rough segmentation refinement. Two approaches, a relative signal increase method and a slope method, are proposed for the quantitative evaluation of dynamic MR data. Results. The NPC detection results obtained using the proposed methods had a rating of 85% in match percent compared with these lesions identified by an experienced radiologist. The match percent for the two proposed methods did not have significant differences. However, the computation cost for the slope method was about twelve times faster than the relative signal increase method. Conclusions. The proposed methods can identify the NPC regions quickly and effectively. This system can enhance the performance of clinical diagnosis.

关键词： nasopharyngeal neoplasms computer-assisted image processing magnetic resonance imaging motion pharmacokinetics

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Automatic evaluation of arterial diameter variation from vascular echographic images

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ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2001年第12期27卷 1621-1629页

作者： Beux, F Carmassi, S Salvetti, MV Ghiadoni, L Huang, Y Taddei, S Salvetti, A Univ Pisa Dept Internal Med I-56100 Pisa Italy Scuola Normale Super Pisa Pisa Italy Ctr TEA Consorzio Pisa Ric Pisa Italy Univ Pisa Dipartimento Ingn Aeorsp Pisa Italy

An automatic procedure for accurate arterial diameter evaluation from B-mode images obtained by diagnostic ultrasound systems is presented. It is used for measuring brachial artery dilation following reactive hyperemia induced by forearm ischemia, which is an appropriate parameter to study endothelial function in humans. B-mode images obtained from the diagnostic ultrasound system are acquired on a personal computer as grey intensity fields (pixels). A completely automatic algorithm is then applied and the artery walls are identified by two discrete sets of points. Artery diameter is evaluated by parabolic least-square approximation. The accuracy and extensive range of applicability of the diameter evaluation procedure were demonstrated both by preliminary analytic test cases and in vivo analyses. Reproducibility of the diameter estimate was assessed by in vivo measurements. The proposed procedure permits fast and accurate analysis of large amounts of data, because it requires no action by the operator. It thus represents a valuable tool for assessment of endotheliumdependent vasodilation, especially in large, multicentric clinical trials. (E-mail: ***@***) (C) 2002 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine Biology.

关键词： endothelium-dependent response B-mode images ultrasound arterial distension computer-assisted image processing

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Fully automated software to monitor wear in prosthetic knees using fluoroscopic images

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EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY 2001年第11期11卷 2184-2187页

作者： Duryea, J Grainger, AJ Hide, IG Genant, HK Campbell, RSD Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Radiol Osteoporosis & Arthrit Res Grp San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Teesside S Cleveland Hosp Dept Radiol Middlesbrough TS4 3BW Cleveland England Univ Teesside Ctr Hlth & Med Res Middlesbrough TS4 3BW Cleveland England

Total knee arthroplasty is now a widely accepted treatment for late-stage arthritis. Wear of the polyethylene layer in prosthetic knees is a known cause of implant failure. Early detection of wear may allow prediction of device failure. In this paper we describe a fully automated image processing algorithm to measure the minimum tibiofemoral joint space width (mJSW) for monitoring prosthesis wear radiographically. The femoral portion and tibial plate were automatically delineated and mJSW was calculated in each compartment. The software also delineated the tip of the prosthesis pin in order to make a magnification correction. The algorithm was tested with a set of triplicate acquisitions of 18 fluoroscopic knee images. The RMS standard deviation (RMSSD) for the triplicate measurements was calculated as a figure of merit. The RMSSD was 0.077 and 0.087 mm for the lateral and medial compartments. The computer successfully found the minimum JSW for both compartments in all 54 images. A single case (2% of total) required user interaction to correct for an obvious failure to delineate the prosthesis pin. We document a robust and precise tool for quantifying mJSW to monitor prosthesis wear.

关键词： computer-assisted image processing knee joint prosthesis knee replacement

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THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA IN BONE MARROW TREPHINES

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The Journal of Pathology 2001年第4期181卷

作者： JONATHAN R. SALISBURY MARK H. DEVERELL JANE M. SEATON M. JOHN COOKSON Department of Histopathology King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry Bessemer Road London SE5 9PJ U.K. The Quarterjack Surgery Wimborne Dorset BH21 1AP U.K. Department of Morbid Anatomy St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry Turner Street London E1 2AD U.K.

The objective of this study was to analyse the location in the bone marrow of deposits of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This was achieved using computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction techniques applied to serial tissue sections of five bone marrow trephines involved by lymphoma. For comparative purposes, previously published three-dimensional models of benign lymphoid aggregates in the bone marrow were used. The images generated by this new study showed that deposits of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the bone marrow always assumed a paratrabecular pattern of infiltration at some point. This is in direct contrast to the pattern of bone marrow infiltration shown by benign lymphoid aggregates. It is concluded that location within the marrow space is a crucial factor in distinguishing between benign and low-grade malignant lymphoid infiltrates in the bone marrow. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： bone marrow non-Hodgkin's lymphoma structural models computer-assisted image processing

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Initial technical and clinical evaluation of a new universal image receptor system

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EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY 2000年第12期10卷 1983-1987页

作者： Bury, RF Cowen, AR Davies, AG Hawkridge, P Bruijns, AJC von Reth, E Gen Infirm Dept Clin Radiol Leeds LS1 3EX W Yorkshire England Univ Leeds Res Sch Med Dept Med Phys Leeds LS1 3EX W Yorkshire England Philips Med Syst NL-5680 DA Best Netherlands

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical performance of an experimental flat-panel digital X-ray detector plate (FDXD), and to assess clinical potential in radiographic and fluoroscopic node. The efficiency of the detector was assessed by the low-frequency detective quantum efficiency and a measure of image quality was threshold contrast detail detectability object. A range of clinical examinations out and the results reviewed members of the radiology staff. The DQE(0) of system was calculated to be almost 75%, compared with a value of approximately 20% for modern computed radiography equipment, offering the potential image quality or significant dose Measurements using the TCDD test object demonstrated a corresponding advantage for the image quality and dose efficiency. Clinical are producing radiographic results which are the equal of the best currently available digital and a limited number of examinations fluoroscopic mode at 25 frames per second have equally encouraging. Equipment using FDXD technology could potentially fulfill all the radiographic and fluoroscopic requirements of the digital department improved image quality image quality and dose efficiency.

关键词： digital radiography fluoroscopy computer-assisted image processing

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Three-dimensional echocardiography paves the way toward virtual reality

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ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2000年第7期26卷 1065-1074页

作者： Bruining, N Lancée, C Roelandt, JRTC Bom, N Erasmus Univ Erasmus Med Ctr Rotterdam Dept Cardiol Thoraxctr NL-3015 GD Rotterdam Netherlands Interuniv Cardiol Inst Rotterdam Netherlands

The heart is a three-dimensional (3-D) object and, with the help of 3-D echocardiography (3-DE), it can be shown in a realistic fashion. This capability decreases variability in the interpretation of complex pathology among investigators, Therefore, it is likely that the method will become the standard echocardiography examination in the future. The availability of volumetric data sets allows retrieval of an infinite number of cardiac cross-sections. This results in more accurate and reproducible measurements of valve areas, cardiac mass and cavity volumes by obviating geometric assumptions. Typical 3-DE parameters, such as ejection fraction, flow jets, myocardial perfusion and LV wall curvature, may become important diagnostic parameters based on 3-DE. However, the freedom of an infinite number of cross-sections of the heart can result in an often-encountered problem of being "lost in space" when an observer works on a 3-DE image data set. Virtual reality computing techniques in the form of a virtual heart model can be useful by providing spatial "cardiac" information, With the recent introduction of relatively low cost portable echo devices, it is envisaged that use of diagnostic ultrasound (US) will be further boosted. This, in turn, will require further teaching facilities. Coupling of a cardiac model with true 3-D echo data in a virtual reality setting may be the answer. (C) 2000 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.

关键词： echocardiography three-dimensional ultrasound computer-assisted image processing magnetic position sensor freehand acquisition virtual reality

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Three-dimensional echocardiography: The gateway to virtual reality!

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ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES 1999年第5期16卷 417-423页

作者： Bruining, N Roelandt, JRTC Grunst, G Berlage, T Waldinger, J Mumm, B Erasmus Med Ctr Rotterdam Dept Cardiol Thoraxctr Rotterdam Netherlands

Virtual reality (VR) is one of the latest developments in cardiac three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound. A VR heart model linked to 3-D echocardiographic image datasets provides the observers spatial information regarding a 3-D image dataset and prevents the "lost in space effect" in difficult and relevant coupled diseases when integrated into 3-D reconstruction software. Standardized echocardiographic views can be selected within the integrated developed VR heart model, and this is the first step to automatic 3-D computations with minimal operator interaction. VR heart models open exciting opportunities in. the field of teaching echocardiographic cardiology, diagnosis, and examinable states.

关键词： echocardiography computer-assisted image processing heart diseases

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computer-assisted image processing for lung cancer localization

Computer-assisted image processing for lung cancer localizat...

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Conference on Lasers in Medicine and Dentistry - Diagnostics and Treatment

作者： Xie, SS Zheng, W Li, YS Lai, KZ Lin, QR FUJIAN NORMAL UNIV INST LASERFUZHOU 350007PEOPLES R CHINA

ISBN: (纸本)0819422886

Autofluorescence of the tumor and surrounding tissue is the largest background source in fluorescence diagnosis. A new system which applied computer image processing technique to lung cancer localization by laser fluorescence bronchoscopy has been developed to subtract the autofluorescence background. The results of our trial tests in tissue- simulating phantom and the porcine thigh muscle models are satisfied. There is great hope that this computer-assisted image processing system will significantly enhance the contrast of fluorescence image and drop false results for early human lung cancer examination.

关键词： laser-induced fluorescence computer-assisted image processing lung cancer localization autofluorescence Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD)

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