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Association of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) immunoreactivity with specific histopathologic lesions in subacute and chronic experimental radiation enteropathy

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RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY 1996年第3期39卷 243-251页

作者： Richter, KK Langberg, CW Sung, CC HauerJensen, M UNIV ARKANSAS DEPT SURG LITTLE ROCK AR 72205 USA

Irradiated intestine consistently exhibits increased immunoreactivity of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1). It is not known whether this increase occurs secondary to mucosal barrier disruption (consequential injury) or to injury in late-responding tissue compartments (primary radiation enteropathy). This study therefore assessed the association between TGF-beta immunoreactivity and specific consequential and primary histopathologic alterations. A small bowel loop was fixed inside the scrotum in male rats and subsequently exposed to either 18 daily fractions of 2.8 Gy or nine daily fractions of 5.6 Gy orthovoltage X-radiation. Radiation-induced intestinal complications were recorded and groups of animals were euthanized 2 and 26 weeks post-irradiation. Radiation injury was assessed with a histopathologic radiation injury score (RIS). Total TGF-beta was detected immunohistochemically and measured with interactive computerized image analysis. The image analysis technique yielded highly reproducible quantitation data. The 2.8-Gy group maintained mucosal integrity and had fewer intestinal complications, lower RIS and lower TGF-beta levels than the 5.6-Gy group. There was highly significant correlation between TGF-beta immunoreactivity and radiation injury at both observation times (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001). At 2 weeks, TGF-beta immunoreactivity correlated with mucosal ulceration (P = 0.002), epithelial atypia (P = 0.005), and serosal thickening (P = 0.0004). At 26 weeks, TGF-beta levels correlated significantly with six of seven histopathologic parameters, most strikingly with vascular sclerosis (P = 0.0003). We conclude that mucosal barrier breakdown is closely associated with increased TGF-beta immunoreactivity in consequential radiation enteropathy. The highly significant correlation between TGF-beta expression levels and alterations in late-responding tissue compartments also suggest a role for TGF-beta in primary radiation enteropathy.

关键词： radiation injury small intestine fibrosis transforming growth factor beta computer-assisted image processing

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A novel technique for mapping the lipid composition of atherosclerotic fatty streaks by en face fluorescence microscopy

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JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY 1997年第5期45卷 743-753页

作者： Klinkner, AM Bugelski, PJ Waites, CR Louden, C Hart, TK Kerns, WD UNIV PENN SCH VET MEDDEPT PATHOBIOLPHILADELPHIAPA 19104

We introduce here a new fluorescence microscopy technique for en face analysis of the atherosclerotic fatty streaks (FS). This technique is semiquantitative and has the sensitivity and resolution to map lipids to individual cells in FS less than 100 mu m in diameter. New Zealand White rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet for up to 26 weeks. Aortas were fixed in formalin and stained en bloc with the fluorescent dyes Nile red and filipin. Fluorescent staining was validated by correlating microfluorimetric and biochemical measurements of the lipid content in FS. To determine the cell types associated with the different staining patterns, FS were also evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry (IH). Correlation of microfluorimetry, TEM, IH, and biochemical data indicated that regions rich in non-esterified cholesterol stained with filipin and fluoresced blue owing to accumulations of lipid vessicles and/or cholesterol crystals. Regions rich in neutral and polar lipids stained with Nile red and fluoresced yellow or orange, respectively, owing to accumulations of lipids in both macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Digital overlays of the filipin and Nile red images revealed that larger lesions (>0.5 mm diameter) had a ''nested'' distribution of lipids, with a blue (filipin) fringe surrounding an orange (Nile red) fringe surrounding a yellow (Nile red) center.

关键词： filipin Nile red computer-assisted image processing

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Artificial intelligence and machine learning in oncologic imaging

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PATHOLOGE 2020年第6期41卷 649-658页

作者： Kleesiek, Jens Murray, Jacob M. Strack, Christian Prinz, Sebastian Kaissis, Georgios Braren, Rickmer German Canc Res Ctr Dept Radiol AG Computat Radiol Heidelberg Germany German Canc Consortium DKTK Heidelberg Germany Univ Klinikum Essen Inst Kunstliche Intelligenz Med IKIM Essen Germany Heidelberg Univ Heidelberg Germany Tech Univ Munich Sch Med Dept Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Munich Germany

Machine learning (ML) is entering many areas of society, including medicine. This transformation has the potential to drastically change medicine and medical practice. These aspects become particularly clear when considering the different stages of oncologic patient care and the involved interdisciplinary and intermodality interactions. In recent publications, computers-in collaboration with humans or alone-have been outperforming humans regarding tumor identification, tumor classification, estimating prognoses, and evaluation of treatments. In addition, ML algorithms, e.g., artificial neural networks (ANNs), which constitute the drivers behind many of the latest achievements in ML, can deliver this level of performance in a reproducible, fast, and inexpensive manner. In the future, artificial intelligence applications will become an integral part of the medical profession and offer advantages for oncologic diagnostics and treatment.

关键词： Machine learning computer-assisted image processing Diagnostic imaging Deep learning Neural networks (computer)

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5'-NUCLEOTIDASE IN THE RODENT VENTRAL STRIATUM - RELATION TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF LEU-ENKEPHALIN, CELL CLUSTERS, AND INFRALIMBIC CORTICAL INNERVATION

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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 1995年第1期360卷 49-58页

作者： LAUBACH, MG WOODWARD, DJ Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Bowman Gray School of Medicine Wake Forest University Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157

The goal of this study was to determine the compartmental organization of 5'-nucleotidase within the rodent ventral striatum and to compare the distribution of 5'-nucleotidase with that of leu-enkephalin, cell clusters, and infralimbic cortical innervation. In the core, 5'-nucleotidase is present in several contiguous patchy structures that are in register with leu-enkephalin compartments. In the shell, 5'-nucleotidase is concentrated in a longitudinal band along the septal border. This ''medial band'' extends from the rostral pole of the ventral striatum to the bed nucleus of stria terminalis. The ventral portion of the medial band is in register with a cluster of cells, located medial to the most dorsal island of Cajella. A second 5'-nucleotidase compartment along the border of the core and shell is in register with a cell cluster and is most evident at caudal levels of the ventral striatum. The innervation of the ventral striatum by the infralimbic cortex is denser in the shell than in the core. In the shell, fibers from the superficial layers of the infralimbic cortex tend to avoid the 5'-nucleotidase-rich cell clusters and terminate in areas of moderate 5'-nucleotidase density. By contrast, fibers from the deep layers terminate in the ventral striatum without regard to the 5'-nucleotidase-rich cell clusters. Overall, the compartmental structure of 5'-nucleotidase in the ventral striatum segregates projections from different layers of the infralimbic cortex. Dense 5'-nucleotidase compartments are innervated by neurons in the deep layers of the infralimbic cortex. The area of moderate 5'-nucleotidase density surrounding the 5'-nucleotidase compartments is innervated by neurons in both the superficial and deep layers. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS PREFRONTAL CORTEX ADENOSINE computer-assisted image processing

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INDIVIDUAL INTEGRATION OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND HIGH-RESOLUTION MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING

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JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM 1992年第6期12卷 919-926页

作者： STEINMETZ, H HUANG, YX SEITZ, RJ KNORR, U SCHLAUG, G HERZOG, H HACKLANDER, T FREUND, HJ UNIV DUSSELDORF INST DIAGNOST RADIOLW-4000 DUSSELDORF 1GERMANY RES CTR JULICH INST MEDJULICHGERMANY

We have developed, validated, and employed a technique of retrospective spatial alignment and integrated display of positron emission tomographic (PET) and high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. The method was designed to improve the anatomical evaluation of functional images obtained from single subjects. In the first computational step, alignment of PET and MR data sets is achieved by iteratively matching in three orthogonal views the outermost scalp contours derived from front-to-back projections of each data set. This procedure avoids true three-dimensional modeling, runs without user interaction, and tolerates missing parts of the head circumference in the image volume, as usually the case with PET. Thereafter, high-resolution MR sections corresponding to the PET slices are reconstructed from the spatially transformed MR data. In a phantom study of this method, PET/MR alignment of the phantom's surface was accurate with average residual misfits of 2.17 to 2.32 mm as determined in three orthogonal planes. In-plane alignment of the phantom's insertion holes was accurate with an average residual misfit of 2.30 mm. In vivo application in six subjects allowed the individual anatomical localization of regional CBF (rCBF) responses obtained during unilateral manual exploration. In each subject, the maxima of the rCBF activations in the hand area were precisely allocated to gray matter in the anterior or posterior wall of the central sulcus. The configuration of the rCBF responses closely followed the gyral structures. The technique provided a better topographical understanding of rCBF changes in subtraction images of PET activation studies. It opens the perspective for studies of structural-functional relationships in individual subjects.

关键词： BRAIN ANATOMY computer-assisted image processing MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING MOTOR ACTIVITY EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

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Robust assessment of the transmural extent of myocardial infarction in late gadolinium-enhanced MRI studies using appropriate angular and circumferential subdivision of the myocardium

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EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY 2008年第10期18卷 2140-2147页

作者： Kachenoura, Nadjia Redheuil, Alban Herment, Alain Mousseaux, Elie Frouin, Frederique Univ Paris 06 Fac Med Pitie Salpetriere F-75013 Paris France INSERM U678 F-75634 Paris 13 France Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou Serv Radiol Cardiovasc AP HP F-75015 Paris France Univ Paris 05 F-75005 Paris France

A computer-assisted method is proposed to estimate transmural extent of myocardial infarction. In 40 patients with chronic myocardial infarction and 3 control subjects, late gadolinium enhancement images were acquired with magnetic resonance imaging. Segmental infarct transmural extent was visually assessed by two experts on a 5-point scale. A fuzzy c-means algorithm was applied on both the cavity and myocardium to estimate an enhancement index for 12 sub-regions of each segment. A threshold was defined on a training database (n=29) to establish the transmurality extent of each sub-segment and was applied to the validation database (n=14). Inter-observer reproducibility reached an absolute agreement (Aa) of 85% and a kappa value (kappa) of 0.83 when considering the whole training database;Aa decreased to 62% and kappa to 0.68 when excluding homogeneous segments. On the validation database, segments were subdivided into three angular sub-segments. Then, inter-observer visual reproducibility reached Aa of 93% and kappa of 0.92. Moreover, the absolute comparison of each expert with the computer-assisted method yielded Aa higher than 88% and kappa higher than 0.86. The computer-assisted method quantifies infarct transmurality without defining remote and infarcted regions, and the transmural extent is accurately characterized when dividing each segment into three angular sub-segments.

关键词： gadolinium DTPA magnetic resonance imaging myocardial infarction computer-assisted image processing fuzzy logic

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Heterogeneous distribution of doublecortin-expressing cells surrounding the rostral migratory stream in the juvenile mouse

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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 2018年第16期526卷 2631-2646页

作者： Aoyagi, Yuka Hibi, Terumasa Kimori, Yoshitaka Sawada, Masato Kawakami, Ryosuke Sawamoto, Kazunobu Nemoto, Tomomi Hokkaido Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Hokkaido Univ Res Inst Elect Sci Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Natl Inst Nat Sci Imaging Sci Div Ctr Novel Sci Initiat Okazaki Aichi Japan Nagoya City Univ Grad Sch Med Sci Dept Dev & Regenerat Biol Nagoya Aichi Japan Natl Inst Physiol Sci Div Neural Dev & Regenerat Okazaki Aichi Japan Fukui Univ Technol Dept Management & Informat Sci Fac Environm & Informat Sci Fukui Fukui 9108505 Japan Ehime Univ Grad Sch Med Dept Mol Med Pathogenesis Toon Ehime 7910295 Japan

In the postnatal mammalian brain, neural stem cells of the ventricular-subventricular zone continue to generate doublecortin (Dcx)-expressing immature neurons. Throughout life, these immature neurons migrate to the olfactory bulb through the rostral migratory stream (RMS). In this study, we investigated the distribution of these putative immature neurons using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in the area surrounding the RMS of the juvenile Dcx-EGFP mice. Through the combined use of an optical clearing reagent (a 2,2 '-thiodiethanol solution) and two-photon microscopy, we visualized three-dimensionally the EGFP-positive cells in the entire RMS and its surroundings. The resulting wide-field and high-definition images along with computational image processing methods developed in this study were used to comprehensively determine the position of the EGFP-positive cells. Our findings revealed that the EGFP-positive cells were heterogeneously distributed in the area surrounding the RMS. In addition, the orientation patterns of the leading process of these cells, which displayed the morphology of migrating immature neurons, differed depending on their location. These novel results provide highly precise morphological information for immature neurons and suggest that a portion of immature neurons may be detached from the RMS and migrate in various directions.

关键词： neurogenesis, neural stem cells multiphoton fluorescence microscopy three-dimensional imaging computer-assisted image processing RRID: AB_141607 RRID: AB_141633 RRID: AB_141637 RRID: AB_141708 RRID: AB_2298772 RRID: AB_477010 RRID: AB_561007 RRID: AB_591819 RRID: AB_664697

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Motion-corrected multiparametric renal arterial spin labelling at 3 T: reproducibility and effect of vasodilator challenge

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EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY 2019年第1期29卷 232-240页

作者： Shirvani, Saba Tokarczuk, Pawel Statton, Ben Quinlan, Marina Berry, Alaine Tomlinson, James Weale, Peter Kuehn, Bernd O'Regan, Declan P. Imperial Coll London London Inst Med Sci LMS MRC Hammersmith Hosp CampusDu Cane Rd London W12 0NN England Imperial Coll London Dept Chem South Kensington CampusExhibit Rd London England Siemens Healthcare Ltd Frimley England Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany

ObjectivesWe investigated the feasibility and reproducibility of free-breathing motion-corrected multiple inversion time (multi-TI) pulsed renal arterial spin labelling (PASL), with general kinetic model parametric mapping, to simultaneously quantify renal perfusion (RBF), bolus arrival time (BAT) and tissue *** a study approved by the Health Research Authority, 12 healthy volunteers (mean age, 27.6 18.5 years;5 male) gave informed consent for renal imaging at 3 T using multi-TI ASL and conventional single-TI ASL. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was used as a vasodilator challenge in six subjects. Flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) preparation was used with background suppression and 3D-GRASE (gradient and spin echo) read-out, and images were motion-corrected. Parametric maps of RBF, BAT and T-1 were derived for both kidneys. Agreement was assessed using Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman ***-study correlation of whole-kidney RBF was good for both single-TI (r(2) = 0.90), and multi-TI ASL (r(2) = 0.92). Single-TI ASL gave a higher estimate of whole-kidney RBF compared to multi-TI ASL (mean bias, 29.3 ml/min/100 g;p <0.001). Using multi-TI ASL, the median T-1 of renal cortex was shorter than that of medulla (799.6 ms vs 807.1 ms, p = 0.01), and mean whole-kidney BAT was 269.7 56.5 ms. GTN had an effect on systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) but the change in RBF was not ***-breathing multi-TI renal ASL is feasible and reproducible at 3 T, providing simultaneous measurement of renal perfusion, haemodynamic parameters and tissue characteristics at baseline and during pharmacological *** points center dot Multiple inversion time arterial spin labelling (ASL) of the kidneys is feasible and reproducible at 3 *** dot This approach allows simultaneous mapping of renal perfusion, bolus arrival time and tissue T(1)during free *** dot This technique enables repeated measures of renal haem

关键词： Blood flow velocity computer-assisted image processing Magnetic resonance imaging Renal circulation Vasodilator agents

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Endometrial cell counts in recurrent miscarriage: a comparison of counting methods

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HISTOPATHOLOGY 2011年第6期59卷 1156-1162页

作者： Drury, Josephine A. Nik, Helena van Oppenraaij, Robbert H. F. Tang, Ai-Wei Turner, Mark A. Quenby, Siobhan Univ Liverpool Inst Translat Med Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth Liverpool Womens Fdn NHS Trust Liverpool L8 7SS Merseyside England Univ Med Ctr Dept Obstet & Gynecol Erasmus MC Div Obstet & Prenatal Med Rotterdam Netherlands Univ Warwick Clin Sci Res Inst Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England

Aims: Studies of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells require reliable measurements of uNK cell density among diverse endometrial tissue. The aim of this study was to compare cell counting manually with two computer-aided methods based on a public domain software package, imageJ. Methods and results: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of CD56(+) uNK cells was performed on endometrium from recurrent miscarriage patients. Numbers of stromal cells per high-power field (HPF) were counted by two observers using: (i) manual tally counter and graticule;(ii) imageJ 'point picker' tool;and (iii) imageJ 'particle analysis' tool. Coefficients of variation (CV) and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate interobserver differences. Evaluation of %uNK using imageJ particle analysis for stromal cell counts and point picker tool for uNK counts was undertaken. Point picker and particle analysis were significantly better than manual counting [ interobserver CVs mean (standard deviation) 6.1% (3.3%);4.7% (3.9%), 8.2% (6.5%), respectively]. Mean inter-and intra-observer CVs for %uNK were 10.3% (6.6%), 8.5% (4.9%) and 6.8% (4.3%), respectively. Bland-Altman analysis revealed no systematic differences in cell counts with the number of cells in the image for each method. Conclusions: Compared to manual cell counting, computer-aided image analysis yields more reproducible results for the assessment of uNK cells density using IHC.

关键词： CD56 antigens computer-assisted image interpretation computer-assisted image processing endometrium habitual abortion immunohistochemistry natural killer cells

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Effect of different surface processing protocols in three-dimensional images for rapid prototyping

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ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE 2011年第6期42卷 332-335页

作者： Ferraz, Eduardo Gomes Safira Andrade, Lucio Costa dos Santos, Aline Rode Torregrossa, Vinicius Rabelo Santos Freire, Maria do Rosario Sarmento, Viviane Almeida Univ Fed Bahia Sch Dent Dept Radiol BR-41110150 Salvador BA Brazil

The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of virtual three-dimensional reconstructions of human dry mandibles, produced with different surface processing protocols. Three-dimensional images were built from computed tomography scans of 10 dry mandibles, and the surface was smoothed, refined, or both, generating 30 different images. Linear measurements from anatomical landmarks were calculated and compared with the corresponding measurements of the original dry mandible (gold standard). The results showed no differences between the models that were just refined or just smoothed (p > 0.05), when compared to the gold standard. When these two tools were applied together, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the application of a single processing tool (smoothing or refinement) in the virtual models does not affect the anatomical measures. However, the simultaneous application of both tools increases the differences between the reconstructions and the original anatomical parts. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： X-ray computed tomography computer-assisted image processing Three-dimensional imaging DICOM format Rapid prototyping Biomodel

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