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Validation of a Skin-Lesion image-Matching Algorithm Based on computer Vision Technology

TELEMEDICINE AND E-HEALTH 2016年第1期22卷 45-50页

作者： Chen, Raymond H. Snorrason, Magnus Enger, Shelley M. Mostafa, Eslam Ko, Justin M. Aoki, Valeria Bowling, Jonathan Lubax Inc Los Angeles CA 90013 USA Stanford Med Sch Dept Dermatol Redwood City CA USA Univ Sao Paulo Sch Med Dept Dermatol Sao Paulo Brazil Manor Hosp Oxford England

Background:Melanoma incidence is increasing globally, but consistently accurate skin-lesion classification methods remain elusive. We developed a simple software system to classify potentially all types of skin lesions. In the current study, we evaluated the system's ability to identify melanomas with a diameter of 10mm or *** and Methods:The skin-lesion classification system is composed of a proprietary database of nearly 12,000 diagnosed skin-lesion images and a computer algorithm based on the principles of content-based image retrieval. The algorithm compares characteristics of new skin-lesion images with images in the database to identify the nearest-match ***:Nearly all classification accuracy measures for this new system exceeded 90%, with results for sensitivity of 90.4% (95% confidence interval, 85.6-93.7%), specificity of 91.5% (85.4-95.2%), positive predictive value of 94.5% (90.4-96.9%), negative predictive value of 85.5% (78.7-90.4%), and overall classification accuracy of 90.8% (87.2-93.4%).Conclusions:The image-matching algorithm performed with high accuracy for the classification of larger melanomas. Furthermore, the system does not require a dermoscope or any other specialized hardware;any close-focusing camera will do. This system has the potential to be an inexpensive and accurate tool for the evaluation of skin lesions in ethnically and geographically diverse populations.

关键词： melanoma skin neoplasms store and forward teledermatology databases computer-assisted image processing

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QUANTITATION OF FIBROBLAST POPULATION-GROWTH RATE IN-SITU USING computerIZED image-ANALYSIS

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MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE 1995年第3期31卷 257-264页

作者： PERRICONE, MA SALDATE, V HYDE, DM UNIV CALIF DAVIS SCH VET MEDDEPT VET ANAT & CELL BIOLDAVISCA 95616

The development of computer-assisted image analysis has provided the technology to rapidly determine the population size of cultured cell monolayers in situ. We have adapted this technology to determine the population growth rate of cultured fibroblasts for use in a high-replicate format. Human lung fibroblasts were seeded into 1/2 A 96-well plates that had one-half the culture area of standard 96-well plates. The cells were cultured in medium supplemented with different concentrations of FBS and on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7, and their nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. A microscopic field representing one-quarter of a well of fluorescent nuclear images was captured onto a Macintosh computer, and the number of nuclei were counted using an image analysis software program. There were no significant differences between the number of nuclei counted manually and the number counted using computer-assisted software, until day 7 where the cells were multilayered (P < 0.05). This image analysis method was compared to other assays typically used to estimate cell proliferation or population size, namely hemocytometer counting, a rapid colorimetric staining assay using naphthol blue-black, and [H-3]-thymidine incorporation. The growth rates derived using image analysis were in close agreement with results derived from hemocytometer counts and [H-3]-thymidine incorporation. However, the growth rates of cells grown in high concentrations of FBS as determined using naphthol blue-black were substantially lower than results from image analysis. We conclude that this adaptation of computer-assisted image analysis provides a method to derive accurate growth curves by directly counting the number of cells in a large number of replicates. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： CELL COUNT CELL DIVISION computer-assisted image processing

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Iterative scatter correction for grid-less skeletal radiography allows improved image quality equal to an antiscatter grid in adjunct with dose reduction: a visual grading study of 20 body donors

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ACTA RADIOLOGICA 2019年第6期60卷 735-741页

作者： Lisson, Christoph G. Lisson, Catharina S. Kleiner, Sebastian Regier, Marc Beer, Meinrad Schmidt, Stefan A. Univ Hosp Ulm Dept Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Albert Einstein Allee 23 D-89081 Ulm Germany Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf Dept Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Hamburg Germany

Background Iterative scatter correction (ISC) is a new technique applicable to plain radiography;comparable to iterative reconstruction for computed tomography, it promises dose reduction and image quality improvement. ISC for bedside chest X-rays has been applied and evaluated for some time and has recently been commercially offered for plain skeletal radiography. Purpose To analyze the potential of ISC for plain skeletal radiography with regard to image quality improvement, dose reduction, and replacement for an antiscatter grid. Material and Methods A total of 385 radiographs with different imaging protocols of the pelvis and cervical spine were acquired from 20 body donors. Radiographs were rated by four radiologists. Ratings were analyzed with visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis. The area under the VGC curve was used as a measure of difference in image quality. Results Without ISC, the grid-less images were rated significantly worse than their grid-based counterparts (0.389, P = 0.005);adding ISC made image quality equal (0.498;P = 0.963). In grid-less imaging, reduction of dose by 50% led to significant image quality impairment (0.415, P = 0.001);this was fully counterbalanced when ISC was added (0.512;P = 0.588). Conclusion ISC for plain skeletal radiography has the ability to replace the antiscatter grid without image quality impairment, to improve image quality in grid-less imaging, and to reduce patient radiation dose by 50% without substantial loss in image quality.

关键词： Skeletal - appendicular skeletal - axial radiation safety digital radiography computer-assisted image processing technology assessments

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VOLUMETRIC BLOOD-FLOW MEASUREMENT BY SIMULTANEOUS DOPPLER SIGNAL AND B-MODE image-processing - A FEASIBILITY STUDY

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ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995年第4期21卷 481-492页

作者： WILLINK, R EVANS, DH UNIV LEICESTER FAC MEDDIV MED PHYSLEICESTERLEICSENGLAND

A system is described for the estimation of volumetric flow in arteries in real time by the simultaneous processing of the audio output of a commercial ultrasound scanner carrying the Doppler signal, and the video output carrying B-mode images of the lateral view of the artery. These images are processed to provide estimates of instantaneous internal vessel diameter. Combination with the relevant estimates of spatial mean velocity provides estimates of instantaneous volumetric flow. The major limitations of the system are the low rate of production of the B-mode images (17 Hz), the limited computing power and the need to tilt the transducer to produce an acceptably low Doppler angle, This tilting diminishes the quality of the imaging echoes from the arterial walls, making diameter measurement difficult. In principle, this approach to flow measurement represents an improvement on the conventional duplex technique where a single estimate of diameter is used. In practice, its value is limited by current transducer capabilities.

关键词： BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY ULTRASONIC IMAGING DOPPLER ULTRASOUND computer-assisted image processing computer-assisted SIGNAL processing DIGITAL SIGNAL processing ARTERIES CAROTID ARTERIES ULTRASONOGRAPHY ULTRASONICS,

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Three-dimensional reconstruction of light microscopy image sections： present and future

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第1期9卷 30-45页

作者： Yuzhen Wang Rui Xu Gaoxing Luo Jun Wu Institute of Burn Research Southwest Hospital State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined lnjury Chongqing Key Laboratory for Diseases Proteomics the Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China

Three-dimensional （3D） image reconstruction technologies can reveal previously hidden microstruc-tures in human tissue. However, the lack of ideal, non-destructive cross-sectional imaging techniques is still a problem. Despite some drawbacks, histological sectioning remains one of the most powerful methods for accurate high-resolution representation of tissue structures. computer technologies can produce 3D representations of interesting human tissue and organs that have been serial-sectioned, dyed or stained, imaged, and segmented for 3D visualization. 3D reconstruction also has great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and 3D printing. This article outlines the most common methods for 3D tissue section reconstruction. We describe the most important academic concepts in this field, and provide critical explanations and comparisons. We also note key steps in the reconstruction procedures, and highlight recent progress in the development of new reconstruction methods.

关键词： microtomy 3D imaging computer-assisted image processing 3D printing tissue scaffold

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Characterization of vascular structures and skin bruises using hyperspectral imaging, image analysis and diffusion theory

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JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010年第1-2期3卷 53-65页

作者： Randeberg, Lise Lyngsnes Larsen, Eivind La Puebla Svaasand, Lars Othar Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Telecommun N-7491 Trondheim Norway

Hyperspectral imaging, image analysis and diffusion theory were used to visualize skin vasculature and to monitor the development of fresh skin bruises. Bruises were inflicted in a porcine model, and the development of the hemorrhage was monitored using white light hyperspectral imaging (400-1000 nm). Hyperspectral images front human volunteers were also included in the study. Statistical image analysis was used to classify bruised regions and to visualize the skin vasculature. Biopsies were collected from the animals to reveal the true depth of the bruising. A three-layer diffusion model and an analytic hemoglobin transport model were used to model the reflectance spectral from the images. The results show that hyperspectral images contain, depth information, and that the approximate depth and extent of bruises can be retrieved using a combination of statistic image analysis and diffusion theory. This technique also shows potential to visualize vascular structures in human skin. [GRAPHICS] Bruised skin classified by spectral angle mapping (C) 2010 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

关键词： diagnostic imaging computer-assisted image processing contusions near-infrared spectroscopy

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Validation of mitosis counting by automated phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) digital image analysis in a breast carcinoma tissue microarray

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PATHOLOGY 2015年第4期47卷 329-334页

作者： Dessauvagie, B. F. Thomas, C. Robinson, C. Frost, F. A. Harvey, J. Sterrett, G. F. QEII Med Ctr PathWest Lab Med Dept Anat Pathol Nedlands WA 6009 Australia Univ Western Australia Sch Pathol & Lab Med Crawley WA Australia Univ Western Australia Sch Med & Pharmacol Crawley WA Australia

Mitosis counting in H&E stained sections is the most informative constituent of the Nottingham histological grade in breast carcinoma prognosis. Phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a highly specific marker of mitoses, with practical application in identifying mitoses in poorly fixed or distorted tissue and is of prognostic significance in breast carcinoma. Our aim was to assess methods of PHH3 IHC mitosis counting in a tissue microarray (TMA) of 2mm cores from 36 resected breast carcinomas. Mitoses in H&E and PHH3 stained slides were manually scored by pathologist consensus and expressed as counts/2 mm(2). PHH3 stained cores were also evaluated by automated digital image analysis (DIA). Results were compared using Spearman correlation. A strong and significant correlation was observed between manual PHH3 and manual H&E mitotic counts (correlation = 0.81;p< 0.0001) and between automated PHH3 DIA and manual H&E mitotic counts (correlation = 0.79;p< 0.0001). More mitoses were identified with PHH3 IHC than with H&E. Manual and DIA PHH3 counts were strongly and significantly correlated (correlation = 0.83;p< 0.0001) and of similar absolute values. PHH3 DIA is a valid alternative to manual counting with potential application in breast cancer reporting and prognostication.

关键词： Breast carcinoma computer-assisted image processing digital image analysis immunohistochemistry mitotic index PHH3 phosphohistone H3 tissue microarray TMA

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A comparative study of new and current methods for dental micro-CT image denoising

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DENTOMAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY 2016年第3期45卷 art. no. 20150302-art. no. 20150302页

作者： Shahmoradi, Mahdi Lashgari, Mojtaba Rabbani, Hossein Qin, Jie Swain, Michael Univ Sydney Fac Dent Biomat & Bioengn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Isfahan Univ Med Sci Fac Adv Med Technol Dept Biomed Engn Esfahan Iran Isfahan Univ Med Sci Med Image & Signal Proc Res Ctr Esfahan Iran Jilin Univ Stomatol Hosp Dept Implantol Changchun 130023 Jilin Peoples R China Kuwait Univ Hlth Sci Ctr Fac Dent Dept Bioclin Sci Kuwait Kuwait

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the application of two advanced noise-reduction algorithms for dental micro-CT images and to implement a comparative analysis of the performance of new and current denoising algorithms. Methods: Denoising was performed using gaussian and median filters as the current filtering approaches and the block-matching and three-dimensional (BM3D) method and total variation method as the proposed new filtering techniques. The performance of the denoising methods was evaluated quantitatively using contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), edge preserving index (EPI) and blurring indexes, as well as qualitatively using the double-stimulus continuous quality scale procedure. Results: The BM3D method had the best performance with regard to preservation of fine textural features (CNREdge), non-blurring of the whole image (blurring index), the clinical visual score in images with very fine features and the overall visual score for all types of images. On the other hand, the total variation method provided the best results with regard to smoothing of images in texture-free areas (CNRTex-free) and in preserving the edges and borders of image features (EPI). Conclusions: The BM3D method is the most reliable technique for denoising dental micro-CT images with very fine textural details, such as shallow enamel lesions, in which the preservation of the texture and fine features is of the greatest importance. On the other hand, the total variation method is the technique of choice for denoising images without very fine textural details in which the clinician or researcher is interested mainly in anatomical features and structural measurements.

关键词： noise dental X-ray microtomography image quality enhancement computer-assisted image processing

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Refined tooth and pulp segmentation using U-Net in CBCT image

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DENTOMAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY 2021年第6期50卷 1-8页

作者： Duan, Wei Chen, Yufei Zhang, Qi Lin, Xiang Yang, Xiaoyu Tongji Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Shanghai 201804 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Dept Endodont Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Tooth Restorat & Regenerat Sch & Hosp Stomatol Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China

Objectives: The aim of this study was extracting any single tooth from a CBCT scan and performing tooth and pulp cavity segmentation to visualize and to have knowledge of internal anatomy relationships before undertaking endodontic therapy. Methods: We propose a two-phase deep learning solution for accurate tooth and pulp cavity segmentation. First, the single tooth bounding box is extracted automatically for both single-rooted tooth (ST) and multirooted tooth (MT). It is achieved by using the Region Proposal Network (RPN) with Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) method from the perspective of panorama. Second, U-Net model is iteratively performed for refined tooth and pulp segmentation against two types of tooth ST and MT, respectively. In light of rough data and annotation problems for dental pulp, we design a loss function with a smoothness penalty in the network. Furthermore, the multi-view data enhancement is proposed to solve the small data challenge and morphology structural problems. Results: The experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain an average dice 95.7% for ST, 96.2% for MT and 88.6% for pulp of ST, 87.6% for pulp of MT. Conclusions: This study proposed a two-phase deep learning solution for fast and accurately extracting any single tooth from a CBCT scan and performing accurate tooth and pulp cavity segmentation. The 3D reconstruction results can completely show the morphology of teeth and pulps, it also provides valuable data for further research and clinical practice.

关键词： computer-assisted image processing Tooth and pulp cavity segmentation U-Net model Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

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Deep learning reconstruction for contrast-enhanced CT of the upper abdomen: similar image quality with lower radiation dose in direct comparison with iterative reconstruction

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EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY 2021年第8期31卷 5533-5543页

作者： Nam, Ju Gang Hong, Jung Hee Kim, Da Som Oh, Jiseon Goo, Jin Mo Seoul Natl Univ Med Res Ctr Seoul Natl Univ Hosp Dept Radiol 101 Daehak Ro Seoul 03080 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Med Res Ctr Coll Med 101 Daehak Ro Seoul 03080 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Med Res Ctr Inst Radiat Med 101 Daehak Ro Seoul 03080 South Korea Inje Univ Coll Med Busan Paik Hosp Dept Radiol Busan 47392 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Med Canc Res Inst Seoul 03080 South Korea

Objective To evaluate the effect of a commercial deep learning algorithm on the image quality of chest CT, focusing on the upper abdomen. Methods One hundred consecutive patients who simultaneously underwent contrast-enhanced chest and abdominal CT were collected. The radiation dose was optimized for each scan (mean CTDIvol: chest CT, 3.19 +/- 1.53 mGy;abdominal CT, 7.10 +/- 1.88 mGy). Three image sets were collected: chest CT reconstructed with an adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR-CHT;50% blending), chest CT with a deep learning algorithm (DLIR-CHT), and abdominal CT with ASiR (ASiR-ABD;40% blending). Afterwards, the images covering the upper abdomen were extracted, and image noise, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured. For subjective evaluation, three radiologists independently assessed noise, spatial resolution, presence of artifacts, and overall image quality. Additionally, readers selected the most preferable reconstruction technique among three image sets for each case. Results The average measured noise for DLIR-CHT, ASiR-CHT, and ASiR-ABD was 8.01 +/- 2.81, 14.8 +/- 2.56, and 12.3 +/- 2.28, respectively (p < .001). Deep learning-based image reconstruction (DLIR) also showed the best SNR and CNR (p < .001). However, in the subjective analysis, ASiR-ABD showed less subjective noise than DLIR (2.94 +/- 0.23 vs. 2.87 +/- 0.26;p < .001), while DLIR showed better spatial resolution (2.60 +/- 0.34 vs. 2.44 +/- 0.31;p = .02). ASiR-ABD showed a better overall image quality (p = .001), but two of the three readers preferred DLIR more frequently. Conclusion With < 50% of the radiation dose, DLIR chest CT showed comparable image quality in the upper abdomen to that of dedicated abdominal CT and was preferred by most readers.

关键词： Deep learning Multidetector computed tomography computer-assisted image processing Radiation dosage image enhancement

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