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The role of the subchondral layer in osteonecrosis of the femoral head: analysis based on HR-QCT in comparison to MRI findings

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ACTA RADIOLOGICA 2019年第4期60卷 501-508页

作者： Kolb, Alexander R. Patsch, Janina M. Vogl, Wolf-Dieter Benca, Emir Stelzeneder, David Windhager, Reinhard Hofstaetter, Jochen G. Med Univ Vienna Dept Orthoped Waehringer Gurtel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna Austria Med Univ Vienna Dept Radiol & Nucl Med Vienna Austria Med Univ Vienna Dept Biomed Imaging & Image Guided Therapy CIR Computat Imaging Res Lab Vienna Austria

Background Non-traumatic avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a severe disease causing destruction of the hip joint, often necessitating total hip arthroplasty (THA) even in young patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used for diagnosis of ONFH, but provides limited insight into the subchondral bone microstructure. Purpose To analyze routine MRI findings in comparison to high-resolution quantitative computed tomography (HR-QCT) with a special focus on the subchondral layer and to estimate the importance of differences determining the indication for THA. Material and Methods Twelve patients with ONFH were included before THA. Preoperative MRI and HR-QCT of the retrieved femoral heads were aligned using a registration algorithm. Pathological findings and trabecular bone parameters in matched areas were analyzed by two readers. McNemar, marginal homogeneity test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for comparison. Results Subchondral delamination was found in nine cases on HR-QCT, but missed or underestimated in all but one case on MRI (P = 0.016). Chondral discontinuity was found in all cases on HR-QCT and in two cases on MRI (P = 0.016). Areas of complete bone resorption on HR-QCT were linked to high signal intensity on 3D gradient-echo MRI sequences with water-selective excitation, while there was no correlation between trabecular bone parameters and MRI signal intensities in other areas (P = 0.304). Conclusion Subchondral delamination, subchondral resorption, and chondral discontinuity are found frequently in advanced stages of ONFH. These lesions tend to be underestimated on conventional MRI. Our results support the importance of CT imaging in the evaluation of ONFH.

关键词： Femur head necrosis magnetic resonance imaging MRI multimodal imaging diagnostic imaging computer-assisted image processing

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Motion-corrected multiparametric renal arterial spin labelling at 3 T: reproducibility and effect of vasodilator challenge

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EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY 2019年第1期29卷 232-240页

作者： Shirvani, Saba Tokarczuk, Pawel Statton, Ben Quinlan, Marina Berry, Alaine Tomlinson, James Weale, Peter Kuehn, Bernd O'Regan, Declan P. Imperial Coll London London Inst Med Sci LMS MRC Hammersmith Hosp CampusDu Cane Rd London W12 0NN England Imperial Coll London Dept Chem South Kensington CampusExhibit Rd London England Siemens Healthcare Ltd Frimley England Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany

ObjectivesWe investigated the feasibility and reproducibility of free-breathing motion-corrected multiple inversion time (multi-TI) pulsed renal arterial spin labelling (PASL), with general kinetic model parametric mapping, to simultaneously quantify renal perfusion (RBF), bolus arrival time (BAT) and tissue *** a study approved by the Health Research Authority, 12 healthy volunteers (mean age, 27.6 18.5 years;5 male) gave informed consent for renal imaging at 3 T using multi-TI ASL and conventional single-TI ASL. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was used as a vasodilator challenge in six subjects. Flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) preparation was used with background suppression and 3D-GRASE (gradient and spin echo) read-out, and images were motion-corrected. Parametric maps of RBF, BAT and T-1 were derived for both kidneys. Agreement was assessed using Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman ***-study correlation of whole-kidney RBF was good for both single-TI (r(2) = 0.90), and multi-TI ASL (r(2) = 0.92). Single-TI ASL gave a higher estimate of whole-kidney RBF compared to multi-TI ASL (mean bias, 29.3 ml/min/100 g;p <0.001). Using multi-TI ASL, the median T-1 of renal cortex was shorter than that of medulla (799.6 ms vs 807.1 ms, p = 0.01), and mean whole-kidney BAT was 269.7 56.5 ms. GTN had an effect on systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) but the change in RBF was not ***-breathing multi-TI renal ASL is feasible and reproducible at 3 T, providing simultaneous measurement of renal perfusion, haemodynamic parameters and tissue characteristics at baseline and during pharmacological *** points center dot Multiple inversion time arterial spin labelling (ASL) of the kidneys is feasible and reproducible at 3 *** dot This approach allows simultaneous mapping of renal perfusion, bolus arrival time and tissue T(1)during free *** dot This technique enables repeated measures of renal haem

关键词： Blood flow velocity computer-assisted image processing Magnetic resonance imaging Renal circulation Vasodilator agents

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Integrated functional and spatial profiling of tumour immune responses induced by immunotherapy: the iPROFILER platform

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Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2021年 10卷 100034-100034页

作者： Koelzer, V.H. Herzig, P. Zlobec, I. Heinzelmann, V. Lardinois, D. Walseng, E. Rader, C. Mertz, K.D. Zippelius, A. Thommen, D.S. Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Switzerland Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel University of Basel Switzerland Institute of Pathology University of Bern Switzerland Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospital Basel Switzerland Department of Surgery University Hospital Basel Switzerland Department of Immunology and Microbiology The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter United States Institute of Pathology Cantonal Hospital Baselland Switzerland Medical Oncology University Hospital Basel Switzerland Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: Cancer immunotherapy elicits functional activation and changes in immune cell distribution in cancer. Tumour heterogeneity is a reason for treatment failure but is difficult to capture in experimental settings. This proof-of-principle study describes the integrated functional and digital spatial profiling platform iPROFILER to capture in-situ immune activation patterns with high precision. Materials and methods: iPROFILER combines an algorithm-based image analysis approach for spatial profiling with functional analyses of patient-derived tumour fragments (PDTFs). This study utilized a folate receptor 1 (FOLR1)xCD3 bispecific antibody in dual-affinity re-targeting (DART) format as a tool for inducing T-cell responses in patient tumour samples, and an in-depth investigation of the immune perturbations induced in the tumour microenvironment was performed. Results: Ex-vivo DART stimulation induces upregulation of multiple activation markers in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in FOLR1-positive tumour specimens. This response was reduced or absent in tissue samples that did not express FOLR1. Immunological responses were driven by a strong induction of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and IFNγ-induced chemokines suggestive of activation of cytotoxic or Th1-like T cells. Ex-vivo DART treatment led to a numerical increase in effector T cells and an upregulation of immune activation markers in the tumour microenvironment as captured by digital image analysis. Analysis of immune activation in tumour and stromal regions further supported the potential of the platform to measure local differences in cell-type-specific activation patterns. Conclusions: iPROFILER effectively combines functional and spatial readouts to investigate immune responses ex vivo in human tumour samples. © 2021 The Authors

关键词： computer-assisted image processing digital pathology Ex-vivo models immunotherapy tumour biomarkers tumour microenvironment

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Increased pulmonary artery diameter is associated with reduced FEV1 in former World Trade Center workers

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CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2019年第10期13卷 614-623页

作者： de la Hoz, Rafael E. Jeon, Yunho Reeves, Anthony P. Estepar, Raul San Jose Liu, Xiaoyu Doucette, John T. Celedon, Juan C. Nolan, Anna Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Environm Med & Publ Hlth New York NY 10029 USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Med New York NY 10029 USA Cornell Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Ithaca NY USA Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Radiol 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Populat Hlth Sci & Policy New York NY 10029 USA Univ Pittsburgh Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh Div Pediat Pulm Med Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA NYU Sch Med Dept Med New York NY USA

Rationale Occupational exposures at the WTC site after September 11, 2001 have been associated with several presumably inflammatory lower airway diseases. Pulmonary arterial enlargement, as suggested by an increased ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the diameter of the aorta (PAAr) has been reported as a computed tomographic (CT) scan marker of adverse respiratory health outcomes, including WTC-related disease. In this study, we sought to utilize a novel quantitative CT (QCT) measurement of PAAr to test the hypothesis that an increased ratio is associated with FEV1 below each subject's statistically determined lower limit of normal (FEV1 < LLN). Methods In a group of 1,180 WTC workers and volunteers, we examined whether FEV1 < LLN was associated with an increased QCT-measured PAAr, adjusting for previously identified important covariates. Results Unadjusted analyses showed a statistically significant association of FEV1 < LLN with PAAr (35.3% vs 24.7%, P = 0.0001), as well as with height, body mass index, early arrival at the WTC disaster site, shorter WTC exposure duration, post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL) score, wall area percent and evidence of bronchodilator response. The multivariate logistic regression model confirmed the association of FEV1 < LLN with PAAr (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.21, 2.20, P = 0.0015) and all the unadjusted associations, except for PCL score. Conclusions In WTC workers, FEV1 < LLN is associated with elevated PAAr which, although likely multifactorial, may be related to distal vasculopathy, as has been hypothesized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

关键词： 2001 computer-assisted image processing multidetector computed tomography occupational medicine pulmonary artery smoke inhalation injury spirometry World Trade Center attack

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Association of Obesity with Quantitative Chest CT Measured Airway Wall Thickness in WTC Workers with Lower Airway Disease

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LUNG 2019年第4期197卷 517-522页

作者： de la Hoz, Rafael E. Liu, Xiaoyu Celedon, Juan C. Doucette, John T. Jeon, Yunho Reeves, Anthony P. Estepar, Raul San Jose Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Environm Med & Publ Hlth New York NY 10029 USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Med New York NY 10029 USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Populat Hlth Sci & Policy New York NY 10029 USA Univ Pittsburgh UPMC Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh Div Pediat Pulm Med Pittsburgh PA USA Cornell Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Ithaca NY USA Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Radiol 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Div Occupat Med One Gustave L Levy PlWTC HP CCE Box 1059 New York NY 10029 USA

Background We previously reported that wall area percent (WAP), a quantitative CT (QCT) indicator of airway wall thickness and, presumably, inflammation, is associated with adverse longitudinal expiratory flow trajectories in WTC workers, but that obesity and weight gain also seemed to be independently predictive of the latter. Previous studies have reported no association between WAP and obesity, so we investigated that association in nonsmoking WTC-exposed individuals and healthy unexposed controls. Methods We assessed WAP using the Chest Imaging Platform QCT system in a segmental bronchus in 118 former WTC workers, and 89 COPDGene (R) WTC-unexposed and asymptomatic subjects. We used multiple regression to model WAP vs. body mass index (BMI) in the two groups, adjusting for important subject and CT image characteristics. Results Unadjusted analyses revealed significant differences between the two groups with regards to WAP, age, gender, scan pixel spacing and slice interval, but not BMI or total lung capacity. In adjusted analysis, there was a significant interaction between BMI and WTC exposure on WAP. BMI was significantly and positively associated with WAP in the WTC group, but not in the COPDGene (R) group, but stratified analyses revealed that the effect was significant in WTC subjects with clinical evidence of lower airway disease (LAD). Discussion Unlike non-diseased subjects, BMI was significantly associated with WAP in WTC workers and, in stratified analyses, the association was significant only among those with LAD. Our findings suggest that this adverse effect of obesity on airway structure and inflammation may be confined to already diseased individuals.

关键词： Multidetector computed tomography computer-assisted image processing Obesity Bronchial disease Smoke inhalation injury World Trade Center Attack, 2001

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Thickness change of masseter muscles and the surrounding soft tissues in female patients during orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study

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BMC ORAL HEALTH 2020年第1期20卷 181-181页

作者： Pan, Yichen Chen, Si Shen, Linhui Pei, Yuru Zhang, Yungeng Xu, Tianmin Peking Univ Dept Orthodont Sch & Hosp Stomatol 22 Zhongguancun Ave South Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Natl Engn Lab Digital & Mat Technol Stomatol 22 Zhongguancun Ave South Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Beijing Key Lab Digital Stomatol 22 Zhongguancun Ave South Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Peking Univ Clin Div 3 Sch & Hosp Stomatol Block AGaode BldgHuayuan East Rd Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Peking Univ Dept Machine Intelligence Key Lab Machine Percept MOE Sci Bldg 25 Yiheyuan Rd Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

BackgroundFacial esthetics is a major concern of orthodontic patients. This study aims to evaluate orthodontic treatment-related thickness changes of the masseter muscles and surrounding soft tissues and the potential factors that would influence these changes during orthodontic treatment in female ***-two female adult patients were included in this retrospective study and were divided into extraction (n=22) and nonextraction (n=20) groups. Pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were superimposed and reconstructed. The thickness changes of the masseter area of facial soft tissue (MAS), masseter muscles (MM) and surrounding fat tissue (FT) were measured. Pretreatment age, treatment duration, sagittal relationship (ANB), and vertical relationship (Frankfort-mandibular plane angle, FMA)-related MAS, MM and FT changes were compared between extraction and nonextraction groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated between the above variables. Regression analysis was conducted to confirm the causal relations of the *** thickness of MAS and MM significantly decreased in both groups, with larger decreases (>1mm) in the extraction group. There were strong correlations (r>0.7) between the thickness decrease in MAS and MM in both groups and moderate correlations (r>0.4) between MAS and FT in the nonextraction group. A significantly greater decrease of MAS and MM were found to be moderately correlated with a smaller FMA (r>0.4) in the extraction group. Scatter plots and regression analysis confirmed these *** muscles and the surrounding soft tissue exhibited a significant decrease in thickness during orthodontic treatment in female adults. Low-angle patients experienced a greater decrease in soft tissue thickness in the masseter area in the extraction case. But the thickness changes were clinically very small in most patients.

关键词： Masseter muscles CBCT Machine learning computer-assisted image processing

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Thermal Imaging-An Emerging Modality for Breast Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS 2020年第8期44卷 136-136页

作者： Hakim, Aayesha Awale, R. N. Veermata Jijabai Technol Inst Mumbai Maharashtra India

Breast cancer is not preventable. To reduce the death rate and improve the survival chances of breast cancer patients, early and accurate detection is the only panacea. Delay in diagnosis of this disease causes 60% of deaths. Thermal imaging is a low-risk modality for early breast cancer decision making without injecting any form of energy into the human body. Thermography as a screening tool was first introduced and well accepted in 1956. However, a study in 1977 found that it lagged behind other screening tools and is subjective. Soon after, its use was discontinued. This review discusses various screening tools used to detect breast cancer with a focus on thermography along with their advantages and shortcomings. With the maturation of thermography equipment and technological advances, this technique is emerging and has become the refocus of many biomedical researchers across the globe in the past decade. This study dispenses an exhaustive review of the work done related to interpretation of breast thermal variations and confers the discipline, frameworks, and methodologies used by different authors to diagnose breast cancer. Different performance metrics like accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity have also been examined. This paper outlines the most pressing research gaps for future work to improvise the accuracy of results for diagnosis of breast abnormalities using image processing tools, mathematical modelling and artificial intelligence. However, supplementary research is needed to affirm the potential of this technology for predicting breast cancer risk effectively. Altogether, our findings inform that it is a promising research problem and a potential solution for early detection of breast cancer in younger women.

关键词： Breast cancer Thermograph Infrared imaging Thermal imaging computer-assisted image processing Breast thermogram

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Resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: association between preoperative CT texture features and metastatic nodal involvement

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CANCER IMAGING 2020年第1期20卷 17-17页

作者： Fang, Wei Huan Li, Xu Dong Zhu, Hui Miao, Fei Qian, Xiao Hua Pan, Zi Lai Lin, Xiao Zhu Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Nucl Med Sch Med Affiliated Ruijin Hosp 197 Ruijin Er Rd Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Affiliated North Ruijin Hosp Dept Radiol Shanghai Peoples R China Fudan Univ Shanghai Canc Ctr Dept Radiol Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Affiliated Ruijin Hosp Dept Radiol Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Inst Med Imaging Technol Sch Biomed Engn Shanghai Peoples R China

Background To explore the relationship between the lymph node status and preoperative computed tomography images texture features in pancreatic cancer. Methods A total of 155 operable pancreatic cancer patients (104 men, 51 women;mean age 63.8 +/- 9.6 years), who had undergone contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the arterial and portal venous phases, were enrolled in this retrospective study. There were 73 patients with lymph node metastases and 82 patients without nodal involvement. Four different data sets, with thin (1.25 mm) and thick (5 mm) slices (at arterial phase and portal venous phase) were analysed. Texture analysis was performed by using MaZda software. A combination of feature selection algorithms was used to determine 30 texture features with the optimal discriminative performance for differentiation between lymph node positive and negative groups. The prediction performance of the selected feature was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results There were 10 texture features with significant differences between two groups and significance in ROC analysis were identified. They were WavEnLH_s-2(wavelet energy with rows and columns are filtered with low pass and high pass frequency bands with scale factors 2) from wavelet-based features, 135dr_LngREmph (long run emphasis in 135 direction) and 135dr_Fraction (fraction of image in runs in 135 direction) from run length matrix-based features, and seven variables of sum average from coocurrence matrix-based features (SumAverg). The ideal cutoff value for predicting lymph node metastases was 270 for WavEnLH_s-2 (positive likelihood ratio 2.08). In addition, 135dr_LngREmph and 135dr_Fraction were correlated with the ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes. Conclusions Preoperative computed tomography high order texture features provide a useful imaging signature for the prediction of nodal involvement in pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Texture analysis computer-assisted image processing Computed tomography Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Metastases

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Relationship between CNR and visibility of anatomical structures of cone-beam computed tomography images under different exposure parameters

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DENTOMAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY 2020年第5期49卷 20190336页

作者： Wang, Miss Fei Xie, Xiaoyan Li, Gang Zhang, Zuyan Peking Univ Stomatol Hosp Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Radiol Beijing Peoples R China

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the image quality of cone beam CT (CBCT) under different exposure parameters and the relationship between contrast-to-noise and visibility of eight anatomical structures. Methods: CBCT images for the evaluation of subjective image quality were acquired on an anthropopathic phantom containing a human skeleton embedded in soft tissue equivalent materials using 25 exposure protocols. Visibility of eight anatomical structures was evaluated by five independent observers. Using the SEDENTEXCT IQ image Quality phantom, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated by image) software. Results: A reduction on the visibility of anatomical structures was seen under lower exposure parameters. However, for 84% of the protocols, visibility of anatomical structures remained acceptable even under some lower parameter settings. As CNR increased, the visibility of anatomical structures also increased correspondingly. A change point could be found in the CNR interval 29.42-36.51 after which the visibility of anatomical structures no longer increases with the increase of CNR. Conclusions: Although CNR decrease under a lower exposure parameter, the image quality often remained acceptable at exposure levels below the manufacture's recommended settings. It is possible to standardize subjective image quality by physical factors. Currently, it is not possible to predetermine a change point CNR value due to different CBCT machine and variation of diagnostic tasks.

关键词： cone-beam computed tomography computer-assisted radiographic image interpretation computer-assisted image processing quality control

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Heterogeneous distribution of doublecortin-expressing cells surrounding the rostral migratory stream in the juvenile mouse

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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 2018年第16期526卷 2631-2646页

作者： Aoyagi, Yuka Hibi, Terumasa Kimori, Yoshitaka Sawada, Masato Kawakami, Ryosuke Sawamoto, Kazunobu Nemoto, Tomomi Hokkaido Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Hokkaido Univ Res Inst Elect Sci Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Natl Inst Nat Sci Imaging Sci Div Ctr Novel Sci Initiat Okazaki Aichi Japan Nagoya City Univ Grad Sch Med Sci Dept Dev & Regenerat Biol Nagoya Aichi Japan Natl Inst Physiol Sci Div Neural Dev & Regenerat Okazaki Aichi Japan Fukui Univ Technol Dept Management & Informat Sci Fac Environm & Informat Sci Fukui Fukui 9108505 Japan Ehime Univ Grad Sch Med Dept Mol Med Pathogenesis Toon Ehime 7910295 Japan

In the postnatal mammalian brain, neural stem cells of the ventricular-subventricular zone continue to generate doublecortin (Dcx)-expressing immature neurons. Throughout life, these immature neurons migrate to the olfactory bulb through the rostral migratory stream (RMS). In this study, we investigated the distribution of these putative immature neurons using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in the area surrounding the RMS of the juvenile Dcx-EGFP mice. Through the combined use of an optical clearing reagent (a 2,2 '-thiodiethanol solution) and two-photon microscopy, we visualized three-dimensionally the EGFP-positive cells in the entire RMS and its surroundings. The resulting wide-field and high-definition images along with computational image processing methods developed in this study were used to comprehensively determine the position of the EGFP-positive cells. Our findings revealed that the EGFP-positive cells were heterogeneously distributed in the area surrounding the RMS. In addition, the orientation patterns of the leading process of these cells, which displayed the morphology of migrating immature neurons, differed depending on their location. These novel results provide highly precise morphological information for immature neurons and suggest that a portion of immature neurons may be detached from the RMS and migrate in various directions.

关键词： neurogenesis, neural stem cells multiphoton fluorescence microscopy three-dimensional imaging computer-assisted image processing RRID: AB_141607 RRID: AB_141633 RRID: AB_141637 RRID: AB_141708 RRID: AB_2298772 RRID: AB_477010 RRID: AB_561007 RRID: AB_591819 RRID: AB_664697

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