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Cognitive interference model of computer anxiety: Implications for computer-based assessment

computerS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2007年第3期23卷 1481-1498页

作者： Smith, Brooke Caputi, Peter Univ Wollongong Dept Psychol Wollongong NSW 2500 Australia

In this paper, the cognitive interference model of computer anxiety (CIM-CA) is introduced as a theoretical framework for the assessment of computer anxiety and its effect on computer-based test (CBT) performance and test equivalence. Unlike other situation-specific anxieties, research on computer anxiety has not been founded on clear theories or models. Hence, the CIM-CA is intended as a new heuristic framework for representing the dispositions and cognitive processes that predispose individuals to react with state computer anxiety over a range of situations involving computers. In particular, the model focuses on the mediating role of negative computer thoughts on the computer anxiety-performance linkage. The CIM-CA model also provides a theoretical framework for analysing the effect of computer anxiety on CBT performance. Future research opportunities pertaining to the computer anxiety-performance linkage are discussed in the context of computerised cognitive assessment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer-based testing computer anxiety cognitive interference task performance

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An Investigation of the Properties of computer-based Case Simulations

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ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION 2000年第1期5卷 11-22页

作者： Scheuneman, Janice Dowd Clyman, Stephen G. van Fan, Yihua Quality Assessment Services Trenton USA National Board of Medical Examiners USA

computer-based case simulations (CCS) require several development iterations, each involving a sizeable investment of time from physician volunteers and test development staff. Hence, a case that fails to demonstrate good measurement properties when administered to examinees at the pretest stage represents a costly loss. An earlier study investigated the relationship of case properties to case difficulty in part to obtain information that would permit (a) better instructions to case developers and(b) identification of problematic cases earlier in the developmental cycle. Some of the best predictors, however, were scoring points typically obtained at the pretest stage, making them inappropriate for meeting these two goals. The objective of this study was to determine if these scoring points could be predicted from cases properties that would be available early in case development. Case description variables and scoring points were available for 28 cases which were analyzed using regression procedures. Three models were identified that predicted the important scoring fairly well. These models differed primarily in the area of medicine:internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, or no medical area specified. The results were consistent with those found for predicting difficulty and appeared promising for better understanding of the nature of the simulations.

关键词： clinical problem solving computer-based testing computer simulations measurement of clinical competence performance assessment test development

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The Impact of Eliminating Backward Navigation on computerized Examination Scores and Completion Time

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2020年第12期84卷 1620-1626页

作者： Cochran, Gary L. Foster, Jennifer A. Klepser, Donald G. Dobesh, Paul P. Dering-Anderson, Allison M. Univ Nebraska Med Ctr 986145 Nebraska Med Ctr Omaha NE 68198 USA

Objective. To determine whether elimination of backward navigation during an examination resulted in changes in examination score or time to complete the examination. Methods. Student performance on six examinations in which backward navigation was eliminated was compared to performance on examinations administered to pharmacy students the previous year when backwards navigation was allowed. The primary comparison of interest was change in student performance on a subset of identical questions included on both examinations. Secondary outcomes included change in total examination score and completion time. Results. No significant reduction in examination scores was observed as a result of eliminating backward navigation. The average time that students spent on a question was significantly reduced on two of the six examinations. Conclusion. Restricting pharmacy students' ability to revisit questions previously answered (elimination of backward navigation) on an examination had no adverse effect on scores or testing time when assessed across three years of the didactic pharmacy curriculum.

关键词： computer-based testing computer-based assessment backward navigation examination security

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The Development of MST Test Information for the Prediction of Test Performances

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EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2017年第4期77卷 570-586页

作者： Park, Ryoungsun Kim, Jiseon Chung, Hyewon Dodd, Barbara G. Wayne State Univ Detroit MI USA Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Chungnam Natl Univ Daejeon South Korea Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

The current study proposes novel methods to predict multistage testing (MST) performance without conducting simulations. This method, called MST test information, is based on analytic derivation of standard errors of ability estimates across theta levels. We compared standard errors derived analytically to the simulation results to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method in both measurement precision and classification accuracy. The results indicate that the MST test information effectively predicted the performance of MST. In addition, the results of the current study highlighted the relationship among the test construction, MST design factors, and MST performance.

关键词： multistage testing measurement precision simulation method computer-based testing

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Feasibility assurance: a review of automatic item generation in medical assessment

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ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022年第2期27卷 405-425页

作者： Falcao, Filipe Costa, Patricio Pego, Jose M. Univ Minho Life & Hlth Sci Res Inst ICVS Sch Med P-4700000 Braga Portugal Braga Guimaraes PT Govt Associate Lab ICVS 3Bs Braga Portugal

Background Current demand for multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in medical assessment is greater than the supply. Consequently, an urgency for new item development methods arises. Automatic Item Generation (AIG) promises to overcome this burden, generating calibrated items based on the work of computer algorithms. Despite the promising scenario, there is still no evidence to encourage a general application of AIG in medical assessment. It is therefore important to evaluate AIG regarding its feasibility, validity and item quality. Objective Provide a narrative review regarding the feasibility, validity and item quality of AIG in medical assessment. Methods Electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English language articles published between 2000 and 2021 by means of the terms 'Automatic Item Generation', 'Automated Item Generation', 'AIG', 'medical assessment' and 'medical education'. Reviewers screened 119 records and 13 full texts were checked according to the inclusion criteria. A validity framework was implemented in the included studies to draw conclusions regarding the validity of AIG. Results A total of 10 articles were included in the review. Synthesized data suggests that AIG is a valid and feasible method capable of generating high-quality items. Conclusions AIG can solve current problems related to item development. It reveals itself as an auspicious next-generation technique for the future of medical assessment, promising several quality items both quickly and economically.

关键词： Assessment Automatic item generation computer-based testing Medical Assessment Multiple-choice questions

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Hanninen lecture:: Problems and prevention:: Research in developing countries and immigrant populations from developing countries

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NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2007年第2期28卷 207-214页

作者： Anger, W. Kent Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ Ctr Res Occupat & Environm Toxicol Portland OR 97239 USA

The tradition of this excellent Triennial International Symposium, now in its Ninth gathering, has focused first on methods and later on effects in neurotoxicology. I respectfully suggest that it is time to add prevention to our agenda in order to focus not just on finding problems, but also on solving them. Otherwise our research runs the risk of making conditions worse for the participants because we inform them they have a problem but do not show them how to prevent that problem. Many barriers have been surmounted since the early days of this Symposium. Methods developed in industrialized nations have been modified and used in populations with limited education. Now, the primary barriers to effective collaborations are institutional. Perhaps the most challenging are companies that can bar a research study, or may welcome the opportunity to safeguard their workforce. A focus on prevention can increase the willingness of institutions, including companies, to accept and support research that examines neurotoxic effects of chemical exposures. This is because we are offering positive value, not simply uncovering a problem for them to fix. The cTRAIN software program is an illustration of a computer-based training method developed by neurotoxicologists that has been implemented in a variety of populations. This includes those from a developing country with limited education and those with college degrees. Training can provide prevention, can easily be appended to any neurotoxicology research study and is well within the skill set of the neurotoxicology community of scientists. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： human behavioral neurotoxicology computer-based testing prevention training

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Using Cumulative Sum Statistics to Detect Inconsistencies in Unproctored Internet testing

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EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2013年第1期73卷 143-161页

作者： Tendeiro, Jorge N. Meijer, Rob R. Schakel, Lolle Maij-de Meij, Annette M. Univ Groningen Fac Psychol Dept Psychometr & Stat NL-9712 TS Groningen Netherlands PiCompany Utrecht Netherlands

Unproctored Internet testing (UIT) is becoming more popular in personnel recruitment and selection. A drawback of UIT is that cheating is easy and, therefore, a proctored test is often administered after an UIT procedure. To detect inconsistent test scores from UIT, a cumulative sum procedure (CUSUM) is proposed. This procedure is applied to empirical data from an adaptive computer-based test in a real personnel selection context. The usefulness of the CUSUM is illustrated, and the unique contribution of the CUSUM to existing procedures is discussed.

关键词： Unproctored Internet testing inconsistent response behavior computer-based testing cumulative sum statistic

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Cross-validation of short forms of the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R)

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DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE 2017年 178卷 94-100页

作者： Finkelman, Matthew D. Jamison, Robert N. Kulich, Ronald J. Butler, Stephen F. Jackson, William C. Smits, Niels Weiner, Scott G. Tufts Univ Sch Dent Med Dept Publ Hlth & Community Serv 1 Kneeland St Boston MA 02111 USA Harvard Med Sch Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Anesthesiol 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Med Sch Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Psychiat 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 USA Tufts Univ Sch Dent Med Craniofacial Pain & Headache Ctr 1 Kneeland St Boston MA 02111 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Anesthesia Crit Care & Pain Med 15 Parkman St Boston MA 02114 USA Inflexxion Inc 890 Winter StSte 235 Waltham MA 02451 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Anesthesia Crit Care & Pain Med 55 Fruit St 148 Boston MA 02114 USA Univ Amsterdam Fac Social & Behav Sci Res Inst Child Dev & Educ Dept Methods & Stat Nieuwe Achtergracht 127 NL-1018 WS Amsterdam Netherlands Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Emergency Med 75 Francis StNH 226 Boston MA 02115 USA

Background: The Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R) is a 24-item assessment designed to assist in the prediction of aberrant drug-related behavior (ADB) among patients with chronic pain. Recent work has created shorter versions of the SOAPP-R, including a static 12-item short form and two computer-based methods (curtailment and stochastic curtailment) that monitor assessments in progress. The purpose of this study was to cross-validate these shorter versions in two new populations. Methods: This retrospective study used data from patients recruited from a hospital-based pain center (n = 84) and pain patients followed and treated at primary care centers (n = 110). Subjects had been administered the SOAPP-R and assessed for ADB. In real-data simulation, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of each form were calculated, as was the mean test length using curtailment and stochastic curtailment. Results: Curtailment reduced the number of items administered by 30% to 34% while maintaining sensitivity and specificity identical to those of the full-length SOAPP-R. Stochastic curtailment reduced the number of items administered by 45% to 63% while maintaining sensitivity and specificity within 0.03 of those of the full-length SOAPP-R. The AUC of the 12-item form was equal to that of the 24-item form in both populations. Conclusions: Curtailment, stochastic curtailment, and the 12-item short form have potential to enhance the efficiency of the SOAPP-R.

关键词： Chronic pain Opioids Substance abuse Risk stratification Short form computer-based testing

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NeuroCog FX: computerized screening of cognitive functions in patients with epilepsy

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EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR 2009年第2期16卷 298-310页

作者： Hoppe, Christian Fliessbach, Klaus Schlegel, Uwe Elger, Christian E. Heimstaedter, Christoph Univ Bonn Med Ctr Dept Epileptol D-53105 Bonn Germany Ruhr Univ Bochum Dept Neurol Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Germany

NeuroCog FX, a computerized neuropsychological screening instrument for serial examinations of patients with epilepsy and other neurological diseases, was developed to fill the gap between unspecific ratings and comprehensive assessments. Eight subtests address attention, working memory, verbal and figural memory, and language. The test duration is less than 30 min, In research contexts, the test can be applied at multiple sites by nonacademic personnel. Normative data were recorded from healthy subjects (N = 244, age range = 16-75 years;retest: N = 44;validation: N = 40) and unselected patients from an epileptology unit (N = 212;retest: N = 94;validation: N = 126). Psychometric analyses confirmed sufficient reliability and concurrent validity, particularly in patients. NeuroCog FX memory and overall performance scores showed "fair" to "good" diagnostic utility with respect to deficits revealed by established tests. NeuroCog FX provides reliable and valid measures of cognitive performance and may be used in clinical and research contexts as a screening instrument. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Epilepsy Cognition Memory computer-based testing

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Initial Clinical Validation of an Embedded Performance Validity Measure within the Automated Neuropsychological Metrics (ANAM)

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ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2013年第7期28卷 700-710页

作者： Roebuck-Spencer, Tresa M. Vincent, Andrea S. Gilliland, Kirby Johnson, Dan R. Cooper, Douglas B. Univ Oklahoma Cognit Sci Res Ctr Norman OK 73072 USA Washington & Lee Univ Lexington VA 24450 USA SAMMC Dept Neurol Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr Ft Sam Houston TX USA

The measurement of effort and performance validity is essential for computerized testing where less direct supervision is needed. The clinical validation of an Automated Neuropsychological Metrics-Performance Validity Index (ANAM-PVI) was examined by converting ANAM test scores into a common metric based on their relative infrequency in an outpatient clinic sample with presumed good effort. Optimal ANAM-PVI cut-points were determined using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses and an a priori specificity of 90. Sensitivity/specificity was examined in available validation samples (controls, simulators, and neurorehabilitation patients). ANAM-PVI scores differed between groups with simulators scoring the highest. ROC curve analysis indicated excellent discriminability of ANAM-PVI scores 5 to detect simulators versus controls (area under the curve 0.858;odds ratio for detecting suboptimal performance 15.6), but resulted in a 27 false-positive rate in the clinical sample. When specificity in the clinical sample was set at 90, sensitivity decreased (68), but was consistent with other embedded effort measures. Results support the ANAM-PVI as an embedded effort measure and demonstrate the value of sample-specific cut-points in groups with cognitive impairment. Examination of different cut-points indicates that clinicians should choose sample-specific cut-points based on sensitivity and specificity rates that are most appropriate for their patient population with higher cut-points for those expected to have severe cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia or severe acquired brain injury).

关键词： computer-based testing Performance Validity testing ANAM Simulators Neuropsychology

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