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computerized adaptive testing of population psychological distress: simulation-based evaluation of GHQ-30

SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016年第6期51卷 895-906页

作者： Stochl, Jan Bohnke, Jan R. Pickett, Kate E. Croudace, Tim J. Univ York Dept Hlth Sci Area 4ARRC Bldg York YO10 5DD N Yorkshire England Univ York HYMS Area 4ARRC Bldg York YO10 5DD N Yorkshire England Univ Dundee Sch Nursing & Hlth Sci 11 Airlie Pl Dundee DD1 4HJ Scotland Univ Cambridge Dept Psychiat Herchel Smith BldgRobinson Way Cambridge CB2 0SZ England

Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) items are frequently used to assess psychological distress but no study to date has investigated the GHQ-30's potential for adaptive administration. In computerized adaptive testing (CAT) items are matched optimally to the targeted distress level of respondents instead of relying on fixed-length versions of instruments. We therefore calibrate GHQ-30 items and report a simulation study exploring the potential of this instrument for adaptive administration in a longitudinal setting. GHQ-30 responses of 3445 participants with 2 completed assessments (baseline, 7-year follow-up) in the UK Health and Lifestyle Survey were calibrated using item response theory. Our simulation study evaluated the efficiency of CAT administration of the items, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with different estimators, item selection methods, and measurement precision criteria. To yield accurate distress measurements (marginal reliability at least 0.90) nearly all GHQ-30 items need to be administered to most survey respondents in general population samples. When lower accuracy is permissible (marginal reliability of 0.80), adaptive administration saves approximately 2/3 of the items. For longitudinal applications, change scores based on the complete set of GHQ-30 items correlate highly with change scores from adaptive administrations. The rationale for CAT-GHQ-30 is only supported when the required marginal reliability is lower than 0.9, which is most likely to be the case in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies assessing mean changes in populations. Precise measurement of psychological distress at the individual level can be achieved, but requires the deployment of all 30 items.

关键词： computerized adaptive testing Item response theory Bifactor model Measurement invariance General Health Questionnaire

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Monotonicity in Bayesian Networks for computerized adaptive testing 14th

Monotonicity in Bayesian Networks for Computerized Adaptive ...

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14th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (ECSQARU)

作者： Plajner, Martin Vomlel, Jiri Czech Tech Univ Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn Trojanova 13 Prague 12000 Czech Republic Czech Acad Sci Inst Informat Theory & Automat Vodarenskou Vezi 4 Prague 18208 8 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9783319615813;9783319615806

Artificial intelligence is present in many modern computer science applications. The question of effectively learning parameters of such models even with small data samples is still very active. It turns out that restricting conditional probabilities of a probabilistic model by monotonicity conditions might be useful in certain situations. Moreover, in some cases, themodeled reality requires these conditions to hold. In this article we focus on monotonicity conditions in Bayesian Network models. We present an algorithm for learning model parameters, which satisfy monotonicity conditions, based on gradient descent optimization. We test the proposed method on two data sets. One set is synthetic and the other is formed by real data collected for computerized adaptive testing. We compare obtained results with the isotonic regression EM method by Masegosa et al. which also learns BN model parameters satisfying monotonicity. A comparison is performed also with the standard unrestricted EM algorithm for BN learning. Obtained experimental results in our experiments clearly justify monotonicity restrictions. As a consequence of monotonicity requirements, resulting models better fit data.

关键词： computerized adaptive testing Monotonicity Isotonic regression EM Gradient method Parameters learning

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Development of an item bank for computerized adaptive testing of self-reported cognitive difficulty in cancer patients

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NEURO-ONCOLOGY PRACTICE 2017年第3期4卷 189-196页

作者： Dirven, Linda Taphoorn, Martin J. B. Groenvold, Mogens Habets, Esther J. J. Aaronson, Neil K. Conroy, Thierry Reijneveld, Jaap C. Young, Teresa Petersen, Morten Aa Leiden Univ Med Ctr Dept Neurol POB 9600 NL-2300 RC Leiden Netherlands Med Ctr Haaglanden Dept Neurol POB 432 NL-2501 CK The Hague Netherlands Bispebjerg Hosp Dept Palliat Med Bakke 23 DK-2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark Netherlands Canc Inst Div Psychosocial Res & Epidemiol POB 90203 NL-1006 BE Amsterdam Netherlands Inst Cancerol Lorraine 6 Med Oncol Dept Ave BourgogneCS 30519 F-54519 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy France Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr Dept Neurol POB 7057 NL-1007 MB Amsterdam Netherlands Acad Med Ctr Dept Neurol POB 22660 NL-1100 DD Amsterdam Netherlands Mt Vernon Hosp Lynda Jackson Macmillan Ctr Northwood HA6 2RN Middx England

Background. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group is developing computerized adaptive testing (CAT) versions of each scale of the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). This study aims to develop an item bank for the EORTC QLQ-C30 cognitive functioning scale, which can be used for CAT. Methods. The complete developmental approach comprised four phases: (I) conceptualization and literature search, (II) operationalization, (III) pretesting, and (IV) field-testing. This paper describes phases I-III. I) A literature search was performed to identify self-report instruments and items measuring cognitive complaints on concentration and memory. II) A multistep item-selection procedure was applied to select and generate items that were relevant and compatible with the 'QLQ-C30 item style.' III) Cancer patients from different countries evaluated the item list for wording (ie, whether items were difficult, confusing, annoying, upsetting or intrusive), and whether relevant issues were missing. Results. A list of 439 items was generated by the literature search. In the multistep item-selection procedure, these items were evaluated for relevance, redundancy, clarity, and response format, resulting in an list of 45 items. A total of 32 patients evaluated this item list in the pretesting phase, resulting in a preliminary list of 44 items. Conclusion. Phase I-III resulted in an item list of 44 items measuring self-reported cognitive complaints that was endorsed by international experts and cancer patients in several countries. This list will be evaluated for its psychometric characteristics in phase IV.

关键词： cancer cognitive functioning computerized adaptive testing health-related quality of life item bank

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A flexible online platform for computerized adaptive testing

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION 2017年第1期14卷 1页

作者： Oppl, Stefan Reisinger, Florian Eckmaier, Alexander Helm, Christoph Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Dept Business Informat Syst Commun Engn Altenberger Str 69 A-4040 Linz Austria Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Dept Educ Psychol Altenberger Str 69 A-4040 Linz Austria Radboud Univ Nijmegen Dept Software Sci Mailbox 47POB 9010 NL-6500 GL Nijmegen Netherlands

computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is a field of research originating in psychometrics that has been adopted in the last years for formative and summative assessment activities in educational settings in general and in online learning in particular. While a variety of platforms is available for designing and deploying CAT the challenge of providing the flexibility in test and item design required for domain-specific assessment formats in education has hardly been addressed so far. The present article introduces a software architecture to fill this gap and enable the development of fully customizable CAT tools with respect to domain-specific item design and visualization as well as deployed CAT algorithms. A prototypical implementation of the architecture and a set of domain-specific item types are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach and outline future directions of development and research.

关键词： computerized adaptive testing Learning platform Domain-specific testing

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Enhancing English vocabulary learning via computerized adaptive testing 12

Enhancing English vocabulary learning via computerized adapt...

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12th International Conference on Computer Science and Education (ICCSE)

作者： Yang Fang Zhang Huanrui Yang Mingrui Tsinghua Univ Dept Foreign Languages & Literatures Beijing Peoples R China St Stephens Episcopal Sch 6500 St Stephens Dr Austin TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509025084

English vocabulary, an indicator of one's language proficiency, has drawn much attention by learners as well as educators. This paper discusses a system that aims to facilitate the experience of enhancing vocabulary learning via MOOC videos and quizzes. The present system is a web-based vocabulary practicing and testing program that is geared to the dynamic process of familiarizing learners with the words. Learners can identify the meanings of words in the contexts of sentences, taken mainly from texts explained in MOOC courses. The contextual knowledge of the words helps learners to explore the words in the text interpretations, delivered in the MOOC videos.

关键词： computerized adaptive testing MOOC vocabulary size mastery of vocabulary

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Applying computerized adaptive testing to the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ): A Simulation Study

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JMIR MENTAL HEALTH 2017年第1期4卷 e7页

作者： Magnee, Tessa de Beurs, Derek P. Terluin, Berend Verhaak, Peter F. Netherlands Inst Hlth Serv Res NIVEL Otterstr 118-114 NL-3500 BN Utrecht Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam EMGO Inst Hlth & Care Res Dept Gen Practice & Elderly Care Med Med Ctr Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Groningen Univ Med Ctr Groningen Dept Gen Practice Groningen Netherlands

Background: Efficient screening questionnaires are useful in general practice. computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is a method to improve the efficiency of questionnaires, as only the items that are particularly informative for a certain responder are dynamically selected. Objective: The objective of this study was to test whether CAT could improve the efficiency of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ), a frequently used self-report questionnaire designed to assess common psychosocial problems in general practice. Methods: A simulation study was conducted using a sample of Dutch patients visiting a general practitioner (GP) with psychological problems (n=379). Responders completed a paper-and-pencil version of the 50-item 4DSQ and a psychometric evaluation was performed to check if the data agreed with item response theory (IRT) assumptions. Next, a CAT simulation was performed for each of the four 4DSQ scales (distress, depression, anxiety, and somatization), based on the given responses as if they had been collected through CAT. The following two stopping rules were applied for the administration of items: (1) stop if measurement precision is below a predefined level, or (2) stop if more than half of the items of the subscale are administered. Results: In general, the items of each of the four scales agreed with IRT assumptions. Application of the first stopping rule reduced the length of the questionnaire by 38% (from 50 to 31 items on average). When the second stopping rule was also applied, the total number of items could be reduced by 56% (from 50 to 22 items on average). Conclusions: CAT seems useful for improving the efficiency of the 4DSQ by 56% without losing a considerable amount of measurement precision. The CAT version of the 4DSQ may be useful as part of an online assessment to investigate the severity of mental health problems of patients visiting a GP. This simulation study is the first step needed for the development a CAT version of th

关键词： item response theory Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire computerized adaptive testing mental health general practice

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A new technique to measure online bullying: online computerized adaptive testing

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ANNALS OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 2017年第1期16卷 26-26页

作者： Ma, Shu-Ching Wang, Hsiu-Hung Chien, Tsair-Wei Kaohsiung Med Univ Coll Nursing Kaohsiung Taiwan Chi Mei Med Ctr Nursing Dept Tainan 710 Taiwan Chi Mei Med Ctr Res Dept 901 Chung Hwa Rd Tainan 710 Taiwan Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci Dept Hosp & Hlth Care Adm Tainan Taiwan

Background: Workplace bullying has been measured in many studies to investigate mental health issues. None uses online computerized adaptive testing (CAT) with cutting points to report bully prevalence at workplace. Objective: To develop an online CAT to examine person being bullied and verify whether item response theory-based CAT can be applied online for nurses to measure exposure to workplace bullying. Methods: A total of 963 nurses were recruited and responded to the 22-item Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R). All non-adaptive testing (NAT) items were calibrated with the Rasch rating scale model. Three scenarios (i.e., NAT, CAT, and the randomly selected method to NAT) were manipulated to compare their response efficiency and precision by comparing (i) item length for answering questions, person measure, (ii) correlation coefficients, (iii) paired t tests, and (iv) estimated standard errors (SE) between CAT and the random to its counterpart of NAT. Results: The NAQ-R is a unidimensional construct that can be applied for nurses to measure exposure to workplace bullying on CAT. CAT required fewer items (=8.9) than NAT (=22, an efficient gain of 60% = 1-8.9/22). Nursing measures derived from both tests (CAT and the random to NAT) were highly correlated (r = 0.93 and 0.96) and their measurement precisions were not statistically different (the percentage of significant count number less than 5%) as expected, but CAT earns smaller person measure SE than the random scenario. The prevalence rate for nurses was 1.5% (= 15/963) when cutting points set at -0.7 and 0.7 logits. Conclusion: The CAT-based NAQ-R reduces respondents' burden without compromising measurement precision and increases endorsement efficiency. The online CAT is recommended for assessing nurses using the criteria at -0.7 and 0.7 (or <30 and <60 in summed score) to identify bully grade as one of the three levels (high, moderate, and low). The bullied nurse can get help from a psychiatrist or a

关键词： computerized adaptive testing Non-adaptive testing Item response theory The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised workplace bullying

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The effects of computer self-efficacy, training satisfaction and test anxiety on attitude and performance in computerized adaptive testing

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COMPUTERS & EDUCATION 2016年第Sep.期100卷 45-55页

作者： Lu, Hong Hu, Yi-Ping Gao, Jia-jia Kinshuk Shandong Normal Univ Coll Commun Jinan Peoples R China Athabasca Univ Fac Sci & Technol Athabasca AB Canada

This study focused on test-takers' psychological effects on computerized adaptive testing (CAT). The development and implementation of CAT were based on item response theory (IRT), and two-parameter logistic model was chosen for the items. The total of 268 students from a high school in Jinan took part in the English adaptive test. A structural equation model was used to examine the potential connections among a series of individual variables (computer self-efficacy, training satisfaction, test anxiety, CAT attitude and CAT performance). The findings revealed significant positive paths from computer self efficacy and training satisfaction to CAT attitude, as well as a negative path from test anxiety to CAT performance. Furthermore, there was significant correlation between the residual variances of CAT attitude and CAT performance. Thus, it could be seen CAT might produce an unfair disadvantage for test-takers with higher test anxiety. The relevant research and implications were further discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer self-efficacy Training satisfaction Test anxiety computerized adaptive testing Structural equation model

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Measuring English vocabulary size via computerized adaptive testing

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COMPUTERS & EDUCATION 2016年 97卷 69-85页

作者： Tseng, Wen-Ta Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Dept English Taipei Taiwan

Measuring English vocabulary size in EFL contexts normally requires a large number of test items and relies on paper-and-pencil (P&P) formats. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and practicality of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) as an alternative to measuring English vocabulary size. Differing from the fixed, uniform item sequences in conventional P&P tests, CAT adopts a dynamic, adaptive item selection procedure to optimally target the interim ability estimate and reach the convergence, resulting in a shorter, putatively more efficient test-taking process. The study involved three phases. The first phase built up a vocabulary item bank using the Rasch model, which was used for administering the CAT study;the second phase undertook an experiment to compare various termination conditions in both the P&P and CAT contexts;the third phase examined the accuracy and efficiency of the two test modes in classifying test-takers into mastery and non-mastery groups. The results show that testing EFL learners' English vocabulary size with CAT requires only one third of the items in the item bank while still producing comparable vocabulary size estimates to the original test calibrated by all the 180 items in the item bank. The study also demonstrates that CAT can be more efficient and precise in classifying test-takers into mastery and non-mastery groups. These research findings suggest that CAT has great potential in efficiently and precisely measuring EFL learners' English vocabulary size. The relevant research and pedagogical implications are further discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： computerized adaptive testing Dynamic testing English vocabulary size Diagnostic testing

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An emotional functioning item bank of 24 items for computerized adaptive testing (CAT) was established

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016年 70卷 90-100页

作者： Petersen, Morten Aa. Gamper, Eva-Maria Costantini, Anna Giesinger, Johannes M. Holzner, Bernhard Johnson, Colin Sztankay, Monika Young, Teresa Groenvold, Mogens Univ Copenhagen Bispebjerg Hosp Res Unit Dept Palliat Med Bispebjerg Bakke 23 DK-2400 Copenhagen Denmark Univ Innsbruck Dept Psychiat Psychotherapy & Psychosomat Christoph Probst Pl 1Innrain 52 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria Univ Roma La Sapienza Psychooncol Unit St Andrea Hosp Dept Oncol SciFac Med & Psychol Via Grottarossa 1035 I-00189 Rome Italy Univ Southampton Surg Unit Univ Rd Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England Mt Vernon Canc Ctr Lynda Jackson Macmillan Ctr Northwood HA6 2RN Middx England Univ Copenhagen Inst Publ Hlth Oster Farimagsgade 5POB 2099 DK-1014 Copenhagen Denmark

Objective: To improve measurement precision, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group is developing an item bank for computerized adaptive testing (CAT) of emotional functioning (EF). The item bank will be within the conceptual framework of the widely used EORTC Quality of Life questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Study Design and Setting: On the basis of literature search and evaluations by international samples of experts and cancer patients, 38 candidate items were developed. The psychometric properties of the items were evaluated in a large international sample of cancer patients. This included evaluations of dimensionality, item response theory (IRT) model fit, differential item functioning (DIF), and of measurement precision/statistical power. Results: Responses were obtained from 1,023 cancer patients from four countries. The evaluations showed that 24 items could be included in a unidimensional IRT model. DIF did not seem to have any significant impact on the estimation of EF. Evaluations indicated that the CAT measure may reduce sample size requirements by up to 50% compared to the QLQ-C30 EF scale without reducing power. Conclusion: On the basis of thorough psychometric evaluations, we have established an EF item bank of 24 items. This will allow for more precise and flexible measurement of EF, while maintaining backward compatibility with the QLQ-C30 EF scale. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： computerized adaptive testing EORTC QLQ-C30 Emotional functioning Item response theory Oncology Patient-reported outcome

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