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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： Sven Mertin Ne Henning Kevin Malena Christopher Link Sandra Gausemeier Ansgar Trächtler Chair of Control Engineering and Mechatronics Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Fürstenallee 11 Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728141497

ISBN: (纸本)9781728141503

In previous researches, a new approach in the field of traffic flow control using consensus algorithms was studied by using microscopic traffic simulations and led to promising results. However, these studies based on some assumptions and uncertainties within the microscopic traffic model since the control variables are defined within the domain of macroscopic traffic values and therefore have to be appropriately converted into the domain of microscopic traffic values for analysis. In contrast to this, in this work an analysis of the consensus-based traffic flow control approach within the domain of macroscopic values only is presented. Consequently, a second order macroscopic traffic flow model with multiple extensions is developed to model a road network and to study the consensus-based control approach without needing to consider microscopic traffic model characteristics.

关键词： Roads Mathematical model consensus algorithm Microscopy Numerical models Merging Autonomous vehicles

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A Survey of consensus algorithms for Blockchain Technology

A Survey of Consensus Algorithms for Blockchain Technology

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International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS)

作者： Alsunaidi, Shikah J. Alhaidari, Fahd A. Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ Coll Comp Sci & Informat Technol Dept Comp Sci POB 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538681251

Blockchain technology is a new shift in the Internet world, it has brought about changes in many sectors. Where transactions can be securely accomplished via point-to-point connections in a distributed system without the need for a third-party, with the help of consensus algorithms. In this paper, we will conduct a comprehensive survey on the Blockchain technology with focusing in the popular consensus algorithms, in order to figure out their features, and the factors that affect the performance and security. Also, we will provide a classification of the consensus algorithms and we will perform a comprehensive comparison of studied consensus algorithms. In addition, we will provide a detailed discussion of the consensus algorithms that studied with an analysis of the main factors affecting these algorithms. Finally, we will refer to some recommendations that must be considered and which can contribute to the development of this area.

关键词： Blockchain consensus algorithm Proof-based Vote-based

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BACTmobile: A Smart Blood Alcohol Concentration Tracking Mechanism for Smart Vehicles in Healthcare CPS Framework

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SN Computer Science 2022年第3期3卷 236页

作者： Rachakonda, Laavanya Bapatla, Anand K. Mohanty, Saraju P. Kougianos, Elias Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of North Texas Denton United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of North Texas Denton United States

Statistics indicate that 40% of road accidents are due to driving while intoxicated or due to driving under influence. With the improvements in science and technology, secure solutions with improvised, practicable, feasible mechanisms should be proposed to eliminate the occurrences of accidents. Keeping this in mind, BACTmobile a fully automated, smart and secured blood alcohol concentration (BAC) Tracking System for vehicles is proposed. BACTmobile collects physiological data, psychological behavior data and physical behavior data to analyze the BAC levels of a person. BAC levels are classified into five categories. With the vehicle’s infotainment along with smart connectivity, the driver is allowed to communicate with the vehicle. The collected and analyzed data are sent to cloud servers for storage purposes whilst maintaining security and privacy. A robust, high efficient BAC detection and prediction model is demonstrated with an accuracy of 99%. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Blockchain Blood alcohol concentration Cognitive thinking consensus algorithm Cybersecurity in healthcare Data privacy Driving under influence (DUI) Healthcare cyber-physical system (H-CPS) Internet of medical things (IoMT) Psychological behavior Smart vehicles

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SEFrame: An SGX-enhanced Smart Contract Execution Framework for Permissioned Blockchain 38

SEFrame: An SGX-enhanced Smart Contract Execution Framework ...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)

作者： Fang, Min Zhou, Xinna Zhang, Zhao Jin, Cheqing Zhou, Aoying East China Normal Univ Sch Data Sci & Engn Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665408837

ISBN: (纸本)9781665408837

The current blockchain system suffers from serious scalability bottleneck, which greatly limits the application in large-scale. Furthermore, with the emergence of high-throughput consensus algorithms in permissioned blockchain, how to efficiently execute smart contracts becomes a critical challenge. To solve this issue, a two-phase concurrent execution mechanism has been adopted recently, where the primary executes a batch of transactions concurrently in the first phase, then the rest replays them in the second phase to achieve consistency. However, these works only enable intra-node concurrency, not internode concurrency. This demonstration showcases SEFrame, a novel execution framework for smart contracts of permissioned blockchain to achieve intra- and inter-node concurrency with the confidentiality guarantee of Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX). We use real-time dashboards containing the output of SEFrame, which allows attendees to interactively explore how SEFrame achieves efficient inter- and intra-node concurrency.

关键词： Concurrent computing Scalability Conferences Smart contracts consensus algorithm Data engineering Software

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Challenges of Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW) 1

Challenges of Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW)

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IEEE 1st Global Emerging Technology Blockchain Forum - Blockchain and Beyond, (IGETblockchain)

作者： Hoffmann, Felix Goethe Univ Dept Comp Sci & Math Frankfurt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665451987

Proof-of-Work is a popular blockchain consensus algorithm that is used in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin in which hashing operations are repeated until the resulting hash has certain properties. This approach uses lots of computational power and energy for the sole purpose of securing the blockchain. In order to not waste energy on hashing operations that do not have any other purpose than enabling consensus between nodes and therefore securing the blockchain, Proof-of-Useful-Work is an alternative approach which aims to replace excessive usage of hash functions with tasks that bring additional real-world benefit, e.g. supporting scientific experiments that rely on computationally heavy simulations. In this publication theoretical PoUW concepts such as Coinami, CoinAI and the cryptocurrency Primecoin are analyzed with respects to how PoW properties can be retained while doing useful work.

关键词： blockchain consensus algorithm proofof-work proof-of-useful-work

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Distributed Dual Ascent Method for Optimal Power Generation in DC Microgrid with Power Loss 14th

Distributed Dual Ascent Method for Optimal Power Generation ...

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14th IFAC Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Control Systems (ALCOS)

作者： Nguyen Manh Hung Viet Hoang Pham Moore, Kevin L. Back, Juhoon Ahn, Hyo-Sung Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol GIST Gwangju 61005 South Korea Colorado Sch Mines Golden CO 80401 USA Kwangwoon Univ Seoul 01897 South Korea

Due to the numerous demands for integrating various energy resources and storage systems, microgrid is becoming a promising approach for future power systems. In this paper, we consider a network of distributed generators with an interconnection structure in which the distributed generators work cooperatively to accommodate all loads. Since there always exist power losses at each generator and on transmission lines, the total power generation is required to be larger than the total power load. Our purpose is to seek appropriate output voltages for generators to achieve a suitable tradeoff between total power minimization and voltage regulation while ensuring a given load demand. In order to solve such problems, we propose a fully distributed approach to eliminate the need for a central coordinator and preserve the privacy of agents. In addition, to guarantee reliability during operation, the output voltages are required to be kept in the safety constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed distributed algorithm is illustrated by numerical simulations. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors.

关键词： DC microgrid dual ascent consensus algorithm distributed optimization

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Logistic Regression for Enhancing Scalability of Blockchain System

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Procedia Computer Science 2025年 252卷 146-153页

作者： Manjula K Pawar Prakashgoud Patil

Blockchain is a cutting-edge technology widely recognized for its applications to industry, business, and sustainable development goals. Its key features include tamper-proofing, decentralization, immutability, transparency, and security. Despite its numerous advantages, Challenges such as privacy and scalability persist. Scalability, is measured with respect to throughput, capacity, and latency, which are remains a crucial aspect of its functionality. The latency includes the timestamp of block inclusion in the blockchain. The proposed methodology suggests using a logistic regression method to enhance the scalability of a blockchain system. The suggested methodology involves analyzing the performance of logistic regression, resulting in higher transactions per second and lower latency time which is measured in milliseconds.

关键词： Blockchain Throughput Latency Scalability consensus algorithm Logistic Regression algorithm

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Cooperative control of EVs participating in demand response based on improved discrete-time leader-following consensus

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GRIDS & NETWORKS 2022年 32卷

作者： Tong, Zejun Zhang, Chun Wu, Xiaotai Chen, Shouqi Gao, Pengcheng Wu, Shuang Anhui Polytech Univ Coll Elect Engn Wuhu 241000 Anhui Peoples R China Key Lab Adv Percept & Intelligent Control High End Minist Educ Wuhu 241000 Anhui Peoples R China

As an increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) participate in the demand response (DR) planning and control in the distribution network, the grid power imbalance is aggravated, which affects the stabilization of voltage at charging side (VCS) of EV charging stations (EVCSs). Therefore, in this paper, the cost model of EV DR and incremental cost rate (ICR) model of load response are established at first for solving the problems. Then, the ICR update criteria of agents are designed. Based on the criteria, an improved discrete-time leader-following consensus (IDTLFC) algorithm based on ICR is proposed. Also, the cooperative control method of EVs participating in DR based on the algorithm was presented. By employing the proposed algorithm, the method can calculate the ICR and response load value of agents. Likewise, the quick reduction of total system power offset and the completion of response load indicator can be achieved by utilizing the EV response layer to execute the response instructions. In the simulation experiments, the simulation model of multi-agent system based on EVs is established. The two system working modes of "peak shaving and valley filling" (PSVF), plug-and-play characteristic of agents and so on are simulated. The results have shown that, when EV are linked to the grid and generate the power fluctuation, the total power balance and the stabilization of VCS could be kept with the method. The PSVF, minimum response cost and reasonable power distribution are realized simultaneously. The system has superior dynamic and steady-state performance, too.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： DR EVs Multi-agent system consensus algorithm Cooperative control

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consensus-based energy management of multi-microgrid: An improve d SoC-base d power coordinated control method

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APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION 2022年 425卷

作者： Liu, Xinrui Zhang, Mingchao Xie, Xiangpeng Zhao, Liang Sun, Qiuye Northeastern Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Inst Adv Technol Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

The direct current(DC) multi-microgrid(MMG) with island operation mode is a system formed by interconnecting DC multiple microgrids, which is more complicated than a single microgrid. First of all, this paper proposes the modeling method of the power regulation cost for each controllable unit to guide their power regulation order, which reduces the power regulation cost. Second, the hierarchical control strategy is proposed. The toplevel control allocates power through the consensus algorithm to accelerate the convergence rate of the state of charge(SoC) of energy storage batteries(ESBs). The convergence of SoC reduces the switching times of working mode of MMG system caused by the deviation of SoC from the normal working range, which further reduces the cost of power regulation. The bottom-level control performs constant power control on each controllable unit according to the load rate of ESB obtained by top-level control. Furthermore, the correction scheme of measured SoC value is proposed according to its predicted value when the measured SoC value of ESB is inaccurate, which ensures the stability of MMG system. Finally, the example simulation shows that the consensus algorithm can effectively solve the real-time power distribution problem of MMG.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multi-microgrid Power distribution SoC Load rate consensus algorithm

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HL-DPoS: An enhanced anti-long-range attack DPoS algorithm

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2024年 249卷

作者： Li, Yang Xia, Chunhe Li, Chunyan Zhao, Yuan Chen, Chen Wang, Tianbo Beihang Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Beijing Peoples R China Beihang Univ Beijing Key Lab Network Technol Beijing Peoples R China Guangxi Normal Univ Guangxi Collaborat Innovat Ctr Multisource Informa Guilin Peoples R China Beihang Univ Sch Cyber Sci & Technol Beijing Peoples R China

The consensus algorithm is crucial in blockchain for ensuring the validity and security of transactions across the decentralized network. However, achieving consensus among nodes and packaging blocks in blockchain networks is a complex task that requires efficient and secure consensus algorithms. The DPoS consensus algorithm has emerged as a popular choice due to its fast transaction processing and high throughput. Despite these advantages, the algorithm still suffers from weaknesses such as centralization and vulnerability to longrange attacks, which can compromise the integrity of the blockchain network. To combat these problems, we developed an Enhanced Anti -Long -Range Attack DPoS algorithm (HL-DPoS). First, we split nodes into pieces to reduce centralization issues while giving witness nodes the power to report and benefit from malicious node's reports, maintaining high efficiency and high security. Second, we propose a validation method in HL-DPoS that compares consensuses transactions with the longest chain to detect long-range attacks. algorithm analysis and simulation experiment results demonstrate that our HL-DPoS consensus algorithm improves security while achieving better consensus performance.

关键词： Blockchain consensus algorithm Game theory Verify random function

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