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Group Secret-Key Generation Using Algebraic Rings in Wireless Networks

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2021年第2期70卷 1538-1553页

作者： Jagadeesh, Harshan Joshi, Rohit Rao, Manish Indian Inst Technol Delhi Dept Elect Engn Delhi 110016 India Indian Inst Technol Delhi Sch Telecommun Technol & Management Delhi 110016 India

It is well known that physical-layer Group Secret-Key (GSK) generation techniques allow multiple nodes of a wireless network to synthesize a common secret-key, which can be subsequently used to keep their group messages confidential. As one of its salient features, the wireless nodes involved in physical-layer GSK generation extract randomness from a subset of their wireless channels, referred as the common source of randomness (CSR). Unlike two-user key generation, in GSK generation, some nodes must act as facilitators by broadcasting quantized versions of the linear combinations of the channel realizations, so as to assist all the nodes to observe a CSR. However, we note that broadcasting linear combination of channel realizations incurs non-zero leakage of the CSR to an eavesdropper, and moreover, quantizing the linear combination also reduces the overall key-rate. Identifying these issues, we propose a practical GSK generation protocol, referred to as Algebraic Symmetrically Quantized GSK (A-SQGSK) protocol, in a network of three nodes, wherein due to quantization of symbols at the facilitator, the other two nodes also quantize their channel realizations, and use them appropriately over algebraic rings to generate the keys. First, we prove that the A-SQGSK protocol incurs zero leakage to an eavesdropper. Subsequently, on the CSR provided by the A-SQGSK protocol, we propose a consensus algorithm among the three nodes, called the Entropy-Maximization Error-Minimization (EM-EM) algorithm, which maximizes the entropy of the secret-key subject to an upper-bound on the mismatch-rate. We use extensive analysis and simulation results to lay out guidelines to jointly choose the parameters of the A-SQGSK protocol and the EM-EM algorithm.

关键词： Protocols consensus algorithm Quantization (signal) Entropy Ad hoc networks Broadcasting Communication system security Common source of randomness group key generation rings security wireless networks

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Voltage limit violation risk evaluation method considering communication failures in distributed voltage regulation system

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS 2023年 147卷

作者： Lu, Yu Fu, Mengdi Gao, Jin Shi, Qingxin Liu, Wenxia North China Elect Power Univ State Key Lab New Energy Power Syst Beijing 102206 Peoples R China State Grid Corp China North China Branch Xicheng Dist Beijing 100053 Peoples R China Jibei Elect Power Co Econ & Elect Res Inst SGCC Beijing 100038 Peoples R China Jilin Elect Power Co Econ & Elect Res Inst SGCC Jilin 130062 Peoples R China

With the complexity and scale expansion of distribution network, the active operational management based on cyber physical system has been widely used in distribution network. Distributed voltage regulation is an advanced operational management approach, which requires reliable communication system. In order to eval-uate the influence of communication failures on distributed voltage regulation, this paper proposes a voltage limit violation risk evaluation method considering communication failures. First, the model of distributed voltage regulation system is established and the consensus algorithm in distributed voltage regulation is detailed. On this basis, an improved consensus algorithm concerning the impact of communication failures is proposed. Second, a curve clustering algorithm is proposed to cope with the uncertainties of distributed generations. Then, a voltage limit violation risk evaluation method considering the uncertainties of communication failures and distributed generations is proposed. Finally, the proposed method is proved to simulate the distributed voltage regulation procedure considering communication failures. This study could provide a technical foundation for the planning and operation of active distribution network.(c) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Voltage limit violation risk Distributed voltage regulation Communication failures consensus algorithm Uncertainties

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Enhanced Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance via Dynamic Hierarchy Management and Location-Based Clustering

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SENSORS 2024年第1期24卷 60页

作者： Kim, Gwangyong Cho, Jinsung Choi, Min Kim, Bongjae Chungbuk Natl Univ Dept Comp Engn Cheongju 28644 South Korea Korea Elect Technol Inst Human IT Convergence Res Ctr Seongnam 13509 South Korea Chungbuk Natl Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Cheongju 28644 South Korea

Blockchain is a distributed database technology that operates in a P2P network and is used in various domains. Depending on its structure, blockchain can be classified into types such as public and private. A consensus algorithm is essential in blockchain, and various consensus algorithms have been applied. In particular, a non-competitive consensus algorithm called PBFT is mainly used in private blockchains. However, there are limitations to scalability. This paper proposes an enhanced PBFT with dynamic hierarchy management and location-based clustering to overcome these problems. The proposed method clusters nodes based on location information and adjusts the dynamic hierarchy to optimize consensus latency. As a result of the experiment, the proposed PBFT showed significant performance improvement compared to the existing typical PBFT and Dynamic Layer Management PBFT (DLM-PBFT). The proposed PBFT method showed a processing performance improvement rate of approximately 107% to 128% compared to PBFT, and 11% to 99% compared to DLM-PBFT.

关键词： blockchain consensus algorithm PBFT scalability location-based clustering dynamic hierarchy management

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A Fast DC Analysis Method By Stochastic Matrix Iteration With Application to Multiport RC Network Reduction

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International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 2025年第0期

作者： Hao, Limin Shi, Guoyong Department of Micro/Nano Electronics School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

In this paper, we present a novel formulation of the consensus principle for application to the DC analysis of a resistor–capacitor (RC) network driven by multiple sources. The consensus principle is essentially an iteration scheme that involves a row-stochastic matrix and converges. Implementation of this iteration method is deterministic, and its performance in solving the DC solutions of large RC networks excels the random walks (RWs) algorithm (which requires an implementation with random number generation). We report the performance comparison of applying this iteration algorithm and the RW algorithm in estimating the time constant of a multiport RC network which finds application in reducing large-scale multiport RC networks. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： consensus algorithm

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The 51% Attack on Blockchains: A Mining Behavior Study

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 140549-140564页

作者： Aponte-Novoa, Fredy Andres Orozco, Ana Lucila Sandoval Villanueva-Polanco, Ricardo Wightman, Pedro Univ Norte Dept Comp Sci & Engn Barranquilla 081001 Colombia Univ Santo Tomas Dept Syst Engn Tunja 150009 Colombia Univ Complutense Madrid UCM Fac Comp Sci & Engn Dept Software Engn & Artificial Intelligence DIS Grp Anal Secur & Syst GASS Off 431 Madrid 28040 Spain Univ Rosario Escuela Ingn Ciencia & Tecnol Bogota 111711 Colombia

The applications that use blockchain are cryptocurrencies, decentralized finance applications, video games, and many others. Most of these applications trust that the blockchain will prevent issues like fraud, thanks to the built-in cryptographic mechanisms provided by the data structure and the consensus protocol. However, blockchains suffer from what is called a 51% attack or majority attack, which is considered a high risk for the integrity of these blockchains, where if a miner, or a group of them, has more than half the computing capability of the network, it can rewrite the blockchain. Even though this attack is possible in theory, it is regarded as hard-achievable in practice, due to the assumption that, with enough active members, it is very complicated to have that much computing power;however, this assumption has not been studied with enough detail. In this work, a detailed characterization of the miners in the Bitcoin and Crypto Ethereum blockchains is presented, with the aim of proving the computing distribution assumption and creating profiles that may allow the detection of anomalous behaviors and prevent 51% attacks. The results of the analysis show that, in the last years, there has been an increasing concentration of hash rate power in a very small set of miners, which generates a real risk for current blockchains. Also, that there is a pattern in mining among the main miners, which makes it possible to identify out-of-normal behavior.

关键词： Blockchains Bitcoin consensus algorithm Computer science Proof of Work Proposals Licenses 51% attack bitcoin blockchain double-speding ethereum hash rate

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Public Blockchains for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices-A State-of-the-Art Survey

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2021年第15期8卷 11960-11982页

作者： Khor, Jing Huey Sidorov, Michail Woon, Peh Yee Univ Southampton Malaysia Sch Elect & Comp Sci Iskandar Puteri 79200 Malaysia Toyohashi Univ Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Toyohashi Aichi 4418580 Japan

Although blockchain offers a lot of benefits for the Internet-of-Things (IoT) network in terms of security, there are a number of barriers to its widespread adoption. Since many IoT networks consist of battery-powered devices with limited computing capabilities, one of those adoption barriers is the IoT end node itself. Several articles provided a general survey of the blockchain integration with IoT applications. However, a detailed analysis of this integration is missing, possible challenges are omitted, and no solutions that would enable the integration are presented. Furthermore, none of the surveys focused on reviewing public blockchains for IoT devices with low computational capabilities and limited energy resources. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide the results of an in-depth study that covers challenges faced by existing public blockchains with IoT device integration. This article looks into resource-constrained IoT device classification and the wireless communication protocols used by them. It examines challenges that are required to be overcome for the successful integration of resource-constrained IoT end nodes with existing public blockchains. It then looks at the proposed solutions and their feasibility. A detailed review of possible security attacks on an IoT blockchain network is provided. As a result, a list of important characteristics that a public blockchain should possess in order to be integrated with a resource-constrained IoT network is proposed. Finally, the requirements for the IoT end nodes themselves are specified.

关键词： Blockchain Internet of Things Hardware Security Protocols consensus algorithm Distributed ledger Internet of Things (IoT) public blockchain resource constrained

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Cooperative Guidance for Multiple Powered Missiles with Constrained Impact and Bounded Speed

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 2021年第4期44卷 825-841页

作者： Chen, Yadong Wang, Jianan Shan, Jiayuan Xin, Ming Beijing Inst Technol Sch Aerosp Engn Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Univ Missouri Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Columbia MO 65211 USA

In this paper, a cooperative guidance law is proposed for missiles with thrust control to realize impact angle constrained salvo attack, where missile speed limit is also considered. Guidance of a powered missile is decoupled into independent flight direction control with normal acceleration as an input to realize impact angle control/constrained guidance (IACG) and cooperative flight speed control with engine thrust as an input to realize salvo attack. Firstly, an IACG law is derived from a geometrically modified proportional navigation guidance. The trajectory shape and length under this proposed IACG law are proved to be independent of missile speed variation. Then a cooperative missile thrust control (CMTC) law is designed from a constrained consensus algorithm to cooperate remaining trajectory lengths without exceeding missile speed limit. Simplified aerodynamic and engine models of a missile are used in CMTC law design. The lower and upper bounds of speed are considered according to missile maneuverability and limited maximum engine thrust. Multimissile salvo attack with impact angle and time constraints is achieved through the combination of IACG and CMTC. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative guidance law.

关键词： Missiles Control Guidance Proportional Navigation Numerical Simulation consensus algorithm Flight Path Angle Homing Guidance Monte Carlo Simulation Sliding Mode Control State Dependent Riccati Equation

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Aggregated regulation and coordinated scheduling of PV-storage integrated 5G base stations considering PV-load uncertainty

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS 2024年 162卷

作者： Li, Congfei Liu, Jiayi Ding, Tian Liu, Xi Zhou, Zhenyu Sun, Zhongwei North China Elect Power Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn State Key Lab Alternate Elect Power Syst Renewable Beijing 102206 Peoples R China

Photovoltaic (PV)-storage integrated 5G base station (BS) can participate in demand response on a large scale, conduct electricity transaction and provide auxiliary services, thus reducing the high electricity consumption of 5G BSs and increasing the flexibility resource capacity of the distribution network. However, the flexible resource regulation of PV-storage integrated 5G BSs still faces problems such as many regulators, ignored PV-load uncertainty, and poor adaptability of existing regulatory frameworks and scheduling methods, which leads to greater security operation risks in resource regulation decisions and affects the exploitation of the 5G BSs scheduling potential. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes an aggregated regulation and coordinated scheduling method of PV-storage integrated 5G BSs considering PV-load uncertainty. Firstly, a hierarchical cluster-cooperative aggregated regulation framework for the scale PV-storage integrated 5G BSs is established, and a regional communication operator (RCO) schedulable capability model and an information gap decision theory (IGDT) based PV-load uncertainty model are built. Next, a two-stage joint optimization problem is proposed for maximizing the RCO income while reducing the BS cluster operation cost. Then, the first-stage dayahead transaction optimization problem in the electricity market is solved, and the reliable operation planning and economic operation planning strategies are proposed based on IGDT to adapt to the regulation demand under different uncertainty risks;the second-stage BS cluster real-time operation optimization problem is solved based on the adaptive consensus algorithm considering scheduling preferences (ACSP), achieving distributed real-time coordinated scheduling of multiple agents in the BS cluster. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation examples, which show that the aggregated regulation and coordinated scheduling of PV-storage integrated

关键词： PV-storage integrated 5G base station PV-load uncertainty IGDT consensus algorithm Aggregated regulation and coordinated scheduling

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consensus-Based Distributed Coordination Control of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2020年第2期11卷 629-639页

作者： Yoo, Hyeong-Jun Thai-Thanh Nguyen Kim, Hak-Man Incheon Natl Univ Dept Elect Engn Incheon 406772 South Korea Incheon Natl Univ Res Inst Northeast Asian Super Grid Incheon 406772 South Korea

The controller of the interlinking converter (ILC) in a hybrid ac/dc microgrid (MG) system plays an important role of maintaining power sharing between ac and dc MG systems. The coordination control between the ILC controllers and the secondary controllers in each MG should be considered to maintain proper power sharing among two MGs and improve power qualities of hybrid MG system. This paper proposes a distributed coordination control strategy for the hybrid ac/dc MG. The proposed control strategy not only regulates accurate dc current and reactive power sharing among DGs in ac and dc MGs, but also maintains power sharing among two MGs and restores the ac frequency and dc voltage to their nominal values. The hierarchical control of the ILC, comprised of primary and secondary control layer, is proposed to regulate power sharing between ac and dc MGs. The proposed control strategy is based on distributed consensus algorithm, which is developed to achieve the accurate reactive power sharing and dc current sharing in ac and dc MGs. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy is validated by the laboratory prototype hybrid MG system. A comparison study on the proposed control and the conventional control is presented to show the effective of the proposed control strategy.

关键词： Microgrids Hybrid power systems Reactive power Voltage control consensus algorithm Frequency control Power quality Microgrid (MG) hybrid ac dc microgrid consensus control distributed control strategy power sharing reactive power sharing current sharing voltage regulation

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Fully Decentralized and Federated Low Rank Compressive Sensing

Fully Decentralized and Federated Low Rank Compressive Sensi...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Moothedath, Shana Vaswani, Namrata Iowa State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Ames IA 50011 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665451963

ISBN: (纸本)9781665451963

In this work we develop a fully decentralized, federated, and fast solution to the recently studied Low Rank Compressive Sensing (LRCS) problem: recover an n x q low-rank matrix X* = [x(1)*,x(2)*,....,x(q)*] from column-wise linear projections, y(k) := A(k)x(k)*, k = 1,2,...,q, when each y(k) is an m-length vector with m < n. A simple federated sketching solution is to left multiply the k-th vectorized image by a random matrix A(k) and to store only y(k) . When m << n, this requires much lesser storage than storing the full image, and is much faster to implement than traditional image compression. Suppose there are L nodes (say L smartphones), and each stores a set of (q/L) sketches of its images. We develop a decentralized projected gradient descent (GD) based approach to jointly reconstruct the images of all the phones/users from their respective stored sketches. The algorithm is such that the phones/users never share their raw data (their subset of y(k)s) but only summaries of this data with the other phones at each algorithm iteration. Also, the reconstructed images of user g are obtained only locally and other users cannot reconstruct them. Only the column span of the matrix X* is reconstructed globally. By "decentralized" we mean that there is no central node to which all nodes are connected and the only way to aggregate the summaries from the various nodes is by use of an iterative consensus algorithm that provides an estimate of the aggregate at each node, for strongly connected network. We validated the effectiveness of our algorithm via extensive simulation experiments.

关键词： Image coding Aggregates Memory management consensus algorithm Iterative algorithms Servers Image reconstruction

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