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FDSS: Flight data sharing scheme based on blockchain with dynamic, secure and efficient consensus algorithm

COMPUTER NETWORKS 2025年 265卷

作者： Xu, Feiyi Hu, Shihao Sun, Ying Hu, Xiaoxuan Qi, Jin Sun, Yanfei Dong, Zhenjiang Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Internet Things Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Comp Sci Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu Peoples R China NanJing Pharmaceut Co Ltd Digital Innovat Dept Nanjing 210012 Jiangsu Peoples R China Wuxi Univ Wuxi 214105 Jiangsu Peoples R China

As the number of data providers and the volume of data in flight data sharing networks continue to grow, achieving secure and efficient sharing of flight data across multiple institutions faces significant challenges. The phenomenon of data silos is prevalent, severely hindering the flow and utilization of information. To address these issues, this paper proposes a flight data sharing scheme (FDSS) that integrates cloud computing and blockchain. In this scheme, we propose a separation mechanism of metadata on-chain storage and entity data off-chain storage, which effectively improves the data storage efficiency. At the same time, we also offload the complex computation tasks during data access to the edge servers for processing, which realizes the refinement of data access and reduces the computation burden on the user side. Given that all information exchanges between data requesters and data owners are conducted via the blockchain, the block generation speed becomes critical to ensure the efficient operation of the scheme. To this end, we also make significant improvements to traditional consensus algorithms, aiming to comprehensively enhance the overall system efficiency. In the end, through in-depth theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the FDSS scheme demonstrates excellent performance and high feasibility, fully proving its great potential and value in the field of flight data sharing.

关键词： Flight data sharing Blockchain consensus algorithm Cloud computing Data privacy

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Optimizing power sharing and voltage control in DC microgrids using a novel adaptive droop control strategy based on current consensus algorithm

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GRIDS & NETWORKS 2024年 38卷

作者： Li, Qirui Yan, Chaofeng Han, Yang Zeng, Hao Zalhaf, Amr S. Yang, Ping Wang, Congling Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Mech & Elect Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Tanta Univ Elect Power & Machines Engn Dept Tanta 31511 Egypt

In DC microgrids, a contradiction between power equalization and bus voltage control exists under conventional droop control. To address this issue, this study proposes a current consensus algorithm-based adaptive droop control for hierarchical controlled DC microgrids. The strategy includes primary, secondary, and currentconsensus algorithms. In the primary and secondary control layers, an improved droop control strategy is realized, where the secondary layer provides adaptive parameters for primary control. Also, a current consensus algorithm is suggested to ensure equal current sharing, where the iterative calculation results are sent as the input for two control layers. Based on the novel strategy, a small signal analysis is carried out to investigate the relationship between system stability and controller parameters. Finally, simulation and experiments are conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in complex operating conditions such as resistive load step-change and plug-and-play situation. Experiment and simulation results indicate that the novel control strategy guarantees accurate bus voltage control with a maximum steady-state error of 1.58 % and simultaneously achieves power equalization regardless of line impedance differences and the abrupt change of system status. Moreover, the comparative experiment between the traditional droop control and the proposed strategy verifies the superiority of this novel method.

关键词： DC MG consensus algorithm Hierarchical control Droop control Bus voltage control Power sharing Alternative current

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Efficient and Secure Blockchain consensus algorithm for Heterogeneous Industrial Internet of Things Nodes Based on Double-DAG

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2024年第4期20卷 6300-6312页

作者： Chen, Yourong Zhang, Yang Zhuang, Yubo Miao, Kelei Pouriyeh, Seyedamin Han, Meng Zhejiang Shuren Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Hangzhou 310015 Peoples R China Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Sch Comp Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou 310000 Peoples R China Kennesaw State Univ Coll Comp & Software Engn Marietta GA 30060 USA

With the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) continuing to expand, lots of data collection, exchange, and authentication generated from an increasing number of access devices is required with heterogeneity, multidimension, and multiobjective networks as its characteristics. However, traditional IIoT systems are vulnerable to security challenges, such as data leakage, theft, and tampering. As one of the most promising solutions, blockchain has played an essential role in ensuring security and transparency in the IIoT. But there are still some challenges that prevent the secure and effective implementation of blockchain-based IIoT systems in consensus security, consensus efficiency, and consensus application. To address these problems, we propose an effective security blockchain consensus algorithm for heterogeneous IIoT nodes aiming to defend against the consensus attack and improve consensus efficiency. First, we design a blockchain-based IIoT system architecture. Then, we present an identity authentication and transformation protocol to defend against consensus attacks. Furthermore, we introduce a method for constructing communication directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and transaction set DAGs to enhance transaction throughput. Based on these two DAGs, we propose an efficient and security consensus algorithm (DAG-D). DAG-D employs transaction sets instead of single transactions or blocks, leveraging communication DAG propagation to swiftly confirm transaction set DAGs based on parent transactions for associated confirmation. Experimental results show that our proposed DAG-D outperforms DAG-M, DAG-Avalanche, and DAG-CoDAG, regarding transaction throughput, transaction latency, and communication overhead.

关键词： Industrial Internet of Things Blockchains Security consensus algorithm Authentication Throughput Informatics Blockchain consensus algorithm directed acyclic graphs (DAG) industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

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DBPBFT: A hierarchical PBFT consensus algorithm with dual blockchain for IoT

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2025年 162卷

作者： Wu, Xiaohua Wang, Zirui Li, Xiaoyu Chen, Lei Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Software Engn Chengdu 610000 Peoples R China

The Internet of Things (IoT) is composed of smart devices connected to a network that can send and receive large amounts of data with other devices, generating a lot of data for processing and analysis. Due to the fact that every transaction in blockchain is recorded, placed in a data block, and added to an immutable and secure data chain, blockchain is becoming one of the most promising solutions for enhancing IoT security issues. As more devices become intelligent, the scale of IoT systems, including residential IoT and industrial IoT, is on the rise. Consequently, the issue of resource consumption, stemming from the escalating system communication overhead, is becoming more pronounced. In order to improve the efficiency of the consensus process for residential IoT and reduce the overhead caused by the consensus process, this paper proposes a hierarchical PBFT consensus algorithm With Dual Blockchain for IoT (DBPBFT). Compared to industrial IoT, DBPBFT is more suitable for residential IoT with small scope and clear data classification. DBPBFT separates the responsibilities of dual chains, improving system scalability while also enhancing blockchain security. A chain is divided into several small groups, each responsible for a type of data, reducing system overhead and communication overhead. To avoid unnecessary view-change as much as possible, before consensus begins, each group will select the current view primary node based on reputation values. The simulation results show that the DBPBFT algorithm is superior to traditional algorithms. In terms of reducing communication overhead, compared with EPBFT and DPNPBFT, DBPBFT has increased by 73.8% and 53.1%, respectively. In terms of consensus efficiency, DBPBFT has improved by 34% compared to DPNPBFT.

关键词： consensus algorithm Fault tolerant systems PBFT Dual blockchain Internet of Things

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consensus algorithm based on verifiable randomness

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INFORMATION SCIENCES 2022年 608卷 844-857页

作者： Wang, Ping Chen, Weiqian Sun, Zhiwei Shenzhen Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Guangdong Key Lab Intelligent Informat Proc Shenzhen Peoples R China Shenzhen PolyTech Sch Artifcial Intelligence Shenzhen Peoples R China

consensus algorithms are the core of blockchain technology, which can cause nodes to reach consistency or liveness when there are Byzantine nodes in the network. The generation of public randomness in decentralized networks has been significantly demanding and challenging in terms of the consensus mechanism. Previously, the multi-party random number generator (mRNG), which is a mechanism for creating a single value from the contributions of decentralized multiple parties, was mainly designed based on the verifiable random function. In this study, we first construct novel, efficient verifiable mRNG protocols from any one-way function. The protocols can achieve the properties of fairness, no trusted third party, public verifiability, and manipulation resistance. Subsequently, we propose a delegated PoS (DPoS)-based consensus algorithm that adopts the verifiable mRNG. The new algorithm can solve the problem of low fairness caused by the artificial election of master nodes using DPoS, while addressing the issue of manipulating the consensus process owing to the pseudo-random number generated by the traditional RNG, thereby improving the credibility of the consensus algorithm. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Verifiable random function Verifiable random number consensus algorithm Decentralized random number generation Hash chain

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Power Line Monitoring-Based consensus algorithm for Performance Enhancement of Energy Blockchain Applications in Smart Grid 2.0

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2025年第1期16卷 277-287页

作者： Yapa, Charithri De Alwis, Chamitha Wijewardhana, Uditha Liyanage, Madhusanka Ekanayake, Janaka Univ Sri Jayewardenepura Dept Elect & Elect Engn Nugegoda 10250 Sri Lanka Univ Bedfordshire Sch Comp Sci & Technol Luton LU1 3JU England Univ Coll Dublin Sch Comp Sci Dublin 4 Ireland Univ Peradeniya Dept Elect & Elect Engn Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka Cardiff Univ Sch Engn Cardiff CF10 3AT Wales

Energy blockchain applications are becoming inevitable with the transformation of electricity distribution networks into the decentralized Smart Grid 2.0 architecture. The scalability of the blockchain platform plays a key role in catering to the increasing number of nodes connected due to consumer-turned-prosumers being integrated into the distribution grid in a distributed manner. Hence, this study aims to optimize blockchain utilization for Smart Grid 2.0 applications through a novel consensus mechanism, which eliminates the requirement for performing additional complex computations to mine a new block. The algorithm utilizes the grid monitoring process through the existing smart meters, and thus has been capable of reducing the energy footprint for block mining to a fraction of that of the legacy Proof-of-Work algorithm, and reducing the block creation time by similar to 60%. The proposed Power Line Monitoring-based consensus Mechanism (PLMC) algorithm is validated using the Process Analysis Toolkit (PAT). In addition, data collected while monitoring the network for block mining is utilized for power quality measurement purposes.

关键词： Blockchain consensus algorithm energy-efficient consensus mechanism formal model verification power quality detection process analysis toolkit smart contracts

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Research on consensus algorithm for Intellectual Property Authentication Based on PBFT

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ELECTRONICS 2025年第9期14卷 1722-1722页

作者： Wang, Jing Feng, Wenlong Huang, Mengxing Feng, Siling Du, Dan Hainan Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Haikou 570228 Peoples R China

Traditional intellectual property authentication relies on centralized intermediaries, which makes it difficult to address issues such as forgery, lack of trust, and opaque information. Combined with the characteristics of blockchain, such as decentralization, tampering, and traceability, these challenges can be effectively dealt with. Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional consensus algorithms in intellectual property authentication, such as high communication overhead and low efficiency, the improved PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) algorithm (MBFT algorithm) is proposed and combined with the distributed database IPFS (Inter Planetary File System) to alleviate the pressure of blockchain data storage and enhance operational efficiency. The algorithm first adopts the evaluation system in the hierarchical mechanism, invokes the Fibonacci series incremental law to update the Score value of the nodes and sort them, and divides the nodes into the classification consensus layer, the consensus confirmation layer, and the supervision layer. Secondly, the Maglev algorithm is used to generate a lookup table and design a classification consensus strategy, which is divided into four consensus groups based on the characteristics of intellectual property categories, namely, the patent authentication consensus group, the trademark authentication consensus group, the copyright authentication consensus group, and the other types of authentication consensus group. Then, the algorithm optimizes the consistency protocol, carries out PBFT consensus once in each of the classification consensus layers and consensus confirmation layers, according to the consensus situation, and realizes the nodes' dynamic update to ensure the consensus's accuracy and reliability. The experiments show that the MBFT algorithm performs better in terms of communication complexity and throughput. As the number and size of files increase, the execution time of IPFS progressively lengthens. However,

关键词： blockchain intellectual property authentication consensus algorithm PBFT algorithm IPFS

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A Large-Scale Node Lightweight consensus algorithm of Blockchain for Internet of Things

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2024年第22期11卷 37170-37186页

作者： Zhuang, Yubo Chen, Yourong Zhang, Xudong Ren, Tiaojuan Han, Meng Alam, Muhammad Hong, Zhen Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Informat Engn Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China Zhejiang Shuren Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Hangzhou 310015 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou 310000 Peoples R China London South Bank Univ Sch Engn London SE1 0AA England

In order to solve the problems in the blockchain consensus algorithm, such as slow consensus speed, high resource consumption, and low consensus security due to excessive large-scale node data volume and Byzantine attacks in the Internet of Things (IoT) system, we propose a large-scale node lightweight consensus algorithm of blockchain for IoT (LNLCA). First, a transaction set construction mechanism is proposed to improve consensus efficiency and security. The mechanism packages multiple data monitored by IoT nodes into data transactions, and builds the transaction set. Then, it constructs nonconflict subsets and conflict subsets. Second, an adjacent parent node sampling and response mechanism is proposed to reduce the consumption of communication resources. The new transaction set selects nearby parent nodes based on the time distance summation method and collaborates to batch verify each transaction in the transaction set. Finally, an efficient consistent consensus based on transaction set directed acyclic graph (DAG) is proposed to quickly vote for each transaction in the transaction set, thereby constructing the transaction set DAG for batch uploading to the chain, and achieving a secure and lightweight consensus on IoT data. The experimental results show that no matter how the number of Byzantine nodes changes, LNLCA can improve transaction throughput, and reduce transaction delay and communication overhead, which outperforms the credit-delegated Byzantine fault tolerance, Avalanche, and Hashgraph.

关键词： Internet of Things consensus algorithm Blockchains Peer-to-peer computing Delays Data security Data privacy Blockchain directed acyclic graph (DAG) Internet of Things (IoT) large-scale nodes lightweight consensus

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A robust and optimal voltage control strategy for low-voltage grids utilizing group coordination of photovoltaic and energy storage systems via consensus algorithm

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2024年 78卷 1332-1343页

作者： Li, Shengqing Liu, Bowen Li, Xin Hunan Univ Informat Technol Changsha 410151 Peoples R China Hunan Univ Technol Zhuzhou 412007 Peoples R China

This study presents a novel voltage control strategy for low voltage (LV) distribution grids, addressing the lack of coordination between photovoltaic (PV) reactive control and energy storage system (ESS) active control. The proposed strategy concentrates on group coordination of PV and ESS to improve LV grid performance. Initially, it suggests employing PV reactive power for voltage regulation before utilizing ESS active power, relying on the voltage cost sensitivity factor (VCSF) of different regulating devices, to reach efficient PV resource utilization. Devices are categorized by their VCSF, prioritizing groups with larger VCSF for voltage regulation, enhancing overall coordination. In the PV reactive voltage regulation stage, the reactive power utilization rate is the consensus variable, while in the ESS active control stage, the change in state of charge (SOC) is the consensus variable, collectively working towards desired voltage regulation and SOC change. Coordinated control is utilized to converge key node voltages to set values and obtain effective LV grid voltage regulation. An IEEE 14node LV grid simulation incorporating PV and ESS validates the proposed strategy, demonstrating its effectiveness and correctness in improving voltage control performance. The strategy achieves 70.56% of the capacity and 81.45% of the setup cost compared to similar research, with associated costs limited to 15.80% and 35.0% of accumulated costs.

关键词： Low voltage distribution grids Voltage violation Photovoltaic-energy storage system Voltage cost sensitivity factor consensus algorithm

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A distributed coordinated control strategy for isolated AC microgrids based on consensus algorithm considering communication delay

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第0期 2318-2339页

作者： Yan, Chaofeng Li, Qirui Zhang, Xiaomeng Han, Yang Yang, Ping Zalhaf, Amr S. Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Mech & Elect Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Tanta Univ Fac Engn Elect Power & Machines Engn Dept Tanta Egypt

In the multi-paralleled converter microgrid system, the traditional hierarchical control strategy can eliminate the bus voltage amplitude and frequency deviation from the rated value. However, isolated AC microgrids may face extreme scenarios such as communication delays and interruptions in data transmission due to the use of low-bandwidth communication (LBC) lines. Additionally, the inconsistent line impedance of each distributed generation (DG) unit may result in the inaccurate division of reactive power in multi-paralleled converter systems, thus affecting system stability. To address these issues, this paper presents a distributed coordinated control strategy for isolated AC microgrids based on the consensus algorithm. The proposed strategy first replaces LBC lines with a filter to alleviate the effects of communication delays. A small-signal model is established in its state space, and stability of the microgrid system under the proposed control strategy is verified through eigenvalue analysis. Furthermore, based on the above theoretical analysis, a consensus algorithm is introduced, and a distributed control strategy for isolated AC microgrids based on the consensus algorithm is proposed to solve the issue of inaccurate equalization of the system's reactive power. Finally, factors that influence the dynamic convergence performance of the consensus algorithm are analyzed through simulation in PLECS software. Also, the maximum tolerable communication delays of the microgrid system under different communication topologies are also compared, and the system's robustness is evaluated under the condition of sudden communication interruption in a DG unit and sudden weather variation. These analyses confirmed the robustness of the proposed strategy against communication delays, output power fluctuation, and communication interruptions. To address the issues in traditional hierarchical control systems for multi-paralleled converter microgrid systems, the conventional d

关键词： communication delay communication topology consensus algorithm hierarchical control strategy microgrid

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