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IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia)

作者： Yong Yan Jianping Huang Zhongxu Li Hao Chen State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Research Institute Hangzhou China College of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai University Nanjing China State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. Ltd. Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399677

In recent years, the application of blockchain in distributed energy transactions has been studied globally, but blockchain is difficult to apply to scenarios such as distributed energy control due to performance issues. For this reason, this paper proposes a distributed energy control system with blockchain and 5G fusion. Firstly, for the data characteristics of distributed energy control, deviated data transmission method is used to transmit reduced data volume, and 5G communication technology is adopted to further reduce communication delay and enhance security. Secondly, the nodes are ranked in terms of trustworthiness and the PBFT consensus algorithm is improved to reduce the number of communications. Then, distributed applications are implemented through smart contracts on the blockchain. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve distributed energy control and is effectively compatible with malicious and faulty nodes.

关键词： Trusted computing 5G mobile communication Asia consensus algorithm Virtual power plants Control systems Blockchains

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Distributed Ledger Technologies

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IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING 2020年第3期24卷 5-6页

作者： Douglis, Fred Stavrou, Angelos Perspecta Labs Basking Ridge NJ 07920 USA George Mason Univ Comp Sci Dept Fairfax VA 22030 USA

The articles in this special section focus on distributed ledger technologies (DLT). DLT, of which blockchain is a popular example, are increasingly becoming a popular means to maintain transactional integrity and achieve consensus among competing parties in many modern distributed data exchanges. Indeed, a Gartner survey estimates that by 2020, DLT and blockchain will support the global movement and tracking of $2 trillion of goods and services annually. Unlike centralized files and databases, distributed ledgers rely on peering nodes to record, share, and synchronize transactions and data in their individually maintained local ledgers. In the case of blockchain, information is organized into blocks that are securely and transparently chained together. These blocks become immutable global knowledge among all peers using consensus algorithms to achieve data synchronization. The “append-only, globally accepted” transactions supported by blockchain technologies have given rise to both opportunities and challenges compared to traditional data storage systems. One of the challenges faced by current information sharing systems, and a key concept that makes DLT appealing is the support for the creation of large scale systems from nodes and components that do not trust each other. Being able to reach consensus and share a commonly verifiable ledger is a very powerful primitive, which is already being considered for data sharing applications in energy, pharmaceuticals, and many other domains.

关键词： Special Issues And Sections Distributed Ledgers Blockchain Peer To Peer Computing Distributed Databases Computer Security consensus algorithm

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A consensus-Based Cooperative Control of PEV Battery and PV Active Power Curtailment for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2019年第1期10卷 670-680页

作者： Zeraati, Mehdi Golshan, Mohamad Esmail Hamedani Guerrero, Josep M. Isfahan Univ Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Esfahan *** Iran Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

The rapid growth of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) arrays installed in residential houses leads to serious voltage quality problems in low voltage distribution networks (LVDNs). In this paper, a combined method using the battery energy management of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and the active power curtailment of PV arrays is proposed to regulate voltage in LVDNs with high penetration level of PV resources. A distributed control strategy composed of two consensus algorithms is used to reach an effective utilization of limited storage capacity of PEV battery considering its power/capacity and state of charge. A consensus control algorithm is also developed to fairly share the required power curtailment among PVs during over-voltage periods. The main objective is to mitigate the voltage rise due to the reverse power flow and to compensate the voltage drop resulting from the peak load. Overall, the proposed algorithm contributes to a coordinated charging/discharging control of PEVs battery which provides a maximum utilization of available storage capacity throughout the network. In addition, the coordinated operation minimizes the required active power which is going to be curtailed from PV arrays. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is investigated on a typical three-phase four-wire LVDN in presence of PV resources and PEVs.

关键词： Active power curtailment consensus algorithm LV distribution network PEV PV

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Fission: Autonomous, Scalable Sharding for IoT Blockchain

Fission: Autonomous, Scalable Sharding for IoT Blockchain

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IEEE Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

作者： Chaoran Luo Yueyang Hu Su Zhang Ying Zhang Yi Liu Xingchun Diao Gang Huang Key Lab of High Confidence Software Technologies Peking University Beijing China School of Software and Microelectronics Peking University Beijing China National Engineering Research Center of Software Engineering Peking University Beijing China Advanced Institute of Big Data Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781665488105

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488112

IoT blockchain suffers heavy performance issues because of the massive transactions generated by various IoT nodes. By dividing nodes into different shards, sharding can produce blocks in parallel and hence improve the throughput of the blockchain system. Unlike the traditional blockchain system, IoT blockchain mainly consists of smart devices and the transactions are usually generated from the real world, such as the sensor data, photos taken by cameras, and so on. In IoT blockchain, closer nodes usually share a lower network latency and the transactions they generate are more related. Therefore, location-based sharding is an effective approach to improve the performance of IoT blockchain. Traditionally, IoT nodes are di-vided into different shards based on geographical locations or the connected edge server. However, the key challenge of sharding in IoT blockchain is how to guarantee the equality of shards division as to the unpredictable distribution and the dynamic behavior of IoT nodes. On one hand, shards can not be pre-divided because we can not predict the number or the distribution of the IoT nodes. On the other hand, nodes continuously joining or quitting shards will also break the equality of the shards division. In this paper, we propose Fission, a sharding mechanism designed for IoT blockchain. Fission divide shards based on the Voronoi diagram without any preknowledge about the nodes distribution, and support dynamic, autonomous sharding adjustment based on distributed Delaunay Triangulation. In addition, Fission uses a new diffusion-based consensus algorithm to achieve the linear scalability of throughput. The experimental results show that Fission can construct and adjust shards at a very low cost and can execute in a decentralized manner. The throughput can reach 1900tps in 500 nodes with only 5M bps bandwidth, and can scale linearly as the nodes increase.

关键词： Scalability Software algorithms consensus algorithm Throughput Cameras Software Blockchains

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A New Decentralized Control Strategy of Microgrids in the Internet of Energy Paradigm

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ENERGIES 2021年第8期14卷 2183-2183页

作者： Alhasnawi, Bilal Naji Jasim, Basil H. Sedhom, Bishoy E. Hossain, Eklas Guerrero, Josep M. Univ Basrah Dept Elect Engn Basrah 61001 Iraq Mansoura Univ Dept Elect Engn Mansoura 35516 Egypt Oregon Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn & Renewable Energy Oregon Renewable Energy Ctr OREC Klamath Falls OR 97601 USA Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol Ctr Res Microgrids CROM DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

The Energy Internet paradigm is the evolution of the Internet of Things concept in the power system. Microgrids (MGs), as the essential element in an Energy Internet, are expected to be controlled in a corporative and flexible manner. This paper proposes a novel decentralized robust control strategy for multi-agent systems (MASs) governed MGs in future Energy Internet. The proposed controller is based on a consensus algorithm applied with the connected distributed generators (DGs) in the MGs in the energy internet paradigm. The proposed controller's objectives are the frequency/voltage regulation and proportional reactive/active power-sharing for the hybrid DGs connected MGs. A proposed two-level communication system is implemented to explain the data exchange between the MG system and the cloud server. The local communication level utilizes the transmission control protocol (TCP)/ internet protocol (IP) and the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) is used as the protocol for the global communication level. The proposed control strategy has been verified using a hypothetical hybrid DGs connected MG such as photovoltaic or wind turbines in MATLAB Simulink environment. Several scenarios based on the system load types are implemented using residential buildings and small commercial outlets. The simulation results have verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the introduced strategy for the MGs' various operating conditions.

关键词： Internet of Energy multi-agent system MQTT protocol consensus algorithm cloud platform

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Towards a Dependable Energy Market: Proof of Authority in a Blockchain-based Peer-to-Peer Microgrid

Towards a Dependable Energy Market: Proof of Authority in a ...

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Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing

作者： Joe Hewett Mark Etman Robbie Marseglia Tomas Mella Pickersgill Matthew Leeke Department of Computer Science University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom

For reasons of energy security, affordability and environment, the foundations of our energy markets are in flux. A promising approach for addressing some of the challenges faced comes in the form of blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) microgrids, which we argue are a potential solution to many of the pitfalls of existing grid architectures. More specifically, this paper analyses consensus mechanisms that could be employed in blockchain-based microgrids, demonstrating that proof of authority (PoA) is a promising direction when seeking to improve the dependability of the energy market. We go on to specify a viable architecture for a PoA-based microgrid and provide experimental results to demonstrate that PoA is superior to proof of work (PoW) in this context.

关键词： Systematics Microgrids Computer architecture consensus algorithm Containers Proof of Work Peer-to-peer computing

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Convergence Rates of Decentralized Gradient Dynamics over Cluster Networks: Multiple-Time-Scale Lyapunov Approach

Convergence Rates of Decentralized Gradient Dynamics over Cl...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Amit Dutta Nila Masrourisaadat Thinh T. Doan Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA

ISBN: (数字)9781665467612

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467629

We present a new analysis for the performance of decentralized consensus-based gradient (DCG) dynamics for solving optimization problems over a cluster network of nodes. This type of network is composed of a number of densely connected clusters with sparse connections between them. Decentralized consensus algorithms over cluster networks have been observed to constitute two-time-scale dynamics, where information within any cluster is mixed much faster than the one across clusters. In this paper, we present a novel analysis to study the convergence rates of the DCG methods over cluster networks. In particular, we show that these methods converge at a rate ln(T)/T and only scale with the number of clusters, which is relatively small to the size of the network. Our result improves the existing analysis when applied to study the rates of DCG over cluster networks, where these rates are shown to scale with the size of the network. The key technique in our analysis is to consider a novel Lyapunov function that captures the multiple time-scale dynamics of DCG in cluster networks. We also illustrate our theoretical results by a number of numerical simulations using DCG dynamics over different cluster networks.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms consensus algorithm Numerical simulation Optimization Convergence Lyapunov methods

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How Tezos blockchain can meet IoT?

How Tezos blockchain can meet IoT?

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GLOBECOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Quang Huy Do Sami Souihi Tong Van Van Hai Anh Tran Skander Mhadhbi School of Information and Communication Technology Hanoi University of Science and Technology Vietnam Texpect/TezosTNA LISSI-TincNET Research Team University of Paris-Est Creteil France

ISBN: (纸本)9781665435413

Nowadays, blockchain, revolutionary technology with high security and decentralization is widely applied in many industry segments including healthcare, cryptocurrency and so on. Despite its benefit, it is a challenge for blockchain to effectively operate in large-scale networks without compromising security and decentralization properties due to low throughput. Therefore, in this paper, we consider sharding-based blockchain as a solution to overcome this limitation. The objective is to split the network into different shards to process transactions in parallel and reduce quorum size to reach consensus quickly. However, existing sharding-based blockchain networks implement a consensus algorithm for both main and sub-shards, so it is ineffective with different purposes (e.g., to improve security, reduce resource consumption, etc.). Hence, we propose a system with heterogeneous consensus algorithms in sharding-based blockchain to meet different requirements. Experimental results show that the proposed approach improves up to 54 percent of throughout in comparison with benchmarks.

关键词： Industries Sharding consensus algorithm Medical services Benchmark testing Throughput Blockchains

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Green technology innovation path based on blockchain algorithm

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SUSTAINABLE COMPUTING-INFORMATICS & SYSTEMS 2021年 31卷 100587-100587页

作者： Li, Donghan Northeastern Univ Sch Business Adm Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China

The core of green technological innovation is to protect the ecology. The innovative introduction of ecological concepts into the existing ecosystem can ensure the sustainable development and progress of society. This paper mainly studies the path analysis of green technology innovation based on blockchain algorithm. Aiming at the high latency and low efficiency of pbft algorithm in green technology innovation, a low latency consensus algorithm ipbft based on an alternative voting mechanism is proposed. Explore the influencing factors of domestic realization of green technology innovation, clarify the reasons that hinder green technology innovation and give reasonable strategies to help domestic green technology innovation work to be carried out faster and better. This article compares the ipbft algorithm with the improved consensus algorithms cpbft, vpbft and pbft in recent years. Experimental results show that the consensus delay of the ipbft algorithm is much lower than that of the other three algorithms, and the average delay of the ipbft single consensus is only about 370ms. In different transaction volume and different node number throughput performance tests, the ipbft throughput in these two tests is better than the other three algorithms. In the view switching phase, the ipbft algorithm also takes less time than the other three algorithms. The above results show that the ipbft algorithm has lower consensus delay and higher throughput, which can reduce network communication overhead and save system transmission energy consumption. It can ensure the security and authenticity of information in the green technology innovation based on blockchain, and reduce system overhead.

关键词： Blockchain technology Decentralized algorithm Green technology innovation consensus algorithm

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Efficient Blockchain System based on Proof of Segmented Work

Efficient Blockchain System based on Proof of Segmented Work

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IEEE-Region-10 Symposium (TENSYMP) - Technology for Impactful Sustainable Development

作者： Monem, Maruf Ahmad, Alif Jumana Ahmed, Rashad Arif, Hossain Brac Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9781728173665

The use of Blockchain in cryptocurrency introduces a technology that acts as an unswervingly growing ledger with the capability to keep an everlasting record of all the transactions in a secure, chronological and immutable system. It removes dependency on central financial services, essentially removing the middle-man from the transaction. Bitcoin holds the highest share in the cryptocurrency market. However, Bitcoin has three major problems which are excessive power consumption, confirmation time, and fair reward distribution. Hence, we propose a system (FaircoinBD) where we focus on reducing energy consumption by limiting participation, increasing propagation speed and fair reward distribution. We have also compared our proposed system with Bitcoin and Ether in terms of energy consumption and have reached the conclusion, that if Bitcoin and Ethereum network used our proposed model there would be a 83.33% and 80.0012% reduction of energy consumption respectively.

关键词： Bitcoin Blockchain Cryptocurrency consensus algorithm Proof of Segmented Work

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