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New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS)

作者： Viddi Mardiansyah Riri Fitri Sari Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok Indonesia

Blockchain Technology is a new database technology that can solve data integrity without a third party's need by doing cryptography on data transactions. The cryptographic hash data transaction in each block is linked, and it contains the information, time-stamps, and hash data of the previous block. So, it is impossible to manipulate the existing data. There are currently several blockchain simulators available to make it easier for us to understand how blockchain networks work. The blockchain simulator used and developed in this paper is the SimBlock simulator. This application can simulate the blockchain network and visualize the block propagation process that occurs. However, this simulator does not support the actual hash computation process as in the Proof-of-Work (PoW) concept. In this paper, we propose to add the PoW concept to the SimBlock simulator to provide more detailed information about the block structure on the blockchain network, the relationship between one block and another, to show how long the mining process takes, and to show the hashing value created. The aim is to educate the users with detailed information and understand how the Blockchain network works using the PoW concept. Our experiment tried various nodes from 125 to 1,000 and block combinations from 1,250 to 10,000. We use leading-zero functions to solve the mathematical problems required in the PoW concept. The goal of math problems is to find one leading-zero or two leading zeros. The compile-time result from the SimBlock modification is 0.2 to 2.2 seconds slower when using one leading-zero and 1 to 7.2 seconds slower when using two leading-zero. With this result, using the PoW concept algorithm requires higher resources so that the compilation process will take longer. However, the users still can see the hashing process that occurs.

关键词： Protocols Databases Data integrity Data visualization Blockchain consensus algorithm Data mining

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A Penalized Shared-parameter algorithm for Estimating Optimal Dynamic Treatment Regimens

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ghosh, Palash Wang, Xinru Nalamada, Trikay Agarwal, Shruti Jahja, Maria Chakraborty, Bibhas Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Assam Guwahati India Centre for Quantitative Medicine Duke-NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Statistics North Carolina State University NC United States Department of Statistics and Data Science National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University DurhamNC United States

A dynamic treatment regimen (DTR) is a set of decision rules to personalize treatments for an individual using their medical history. The Q-learning-based Q-shared algorithm has been used to develop DTRs that involve decision rules shared across multiple stages of intervention. We show that the existing Q-shared algorithm can suffer from non-convergence due to the use of linear models in the Q-learning setup, and identify the condition under which Q-shared fails. We develop a penalized Q-shared algorithm that not only converges in settings that violate the condition, but can outperform the original Q-shared algorithm even when the condition is satisfied. We give evidence for the proposed method in a real-world application and several synthetic simulations. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： consensus algorithm

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Distributed consensus Control with Event-Triggered Communication for Multi-Microgrid Cluster

Distributed Consensus Control with Event-Triggered Communica...

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IEEE Milan PowerTech Conference

作者： Li, Yaran Meng, Ke Dong, Zhao Yang Univ New South Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538647226

Distributed controllers for voltage and frequency, based on consensus power sharing algorithm, are proposed in this paper. Event-triggered mechanism is adopted as cybernetics in the communication network. Convergence of real and reactive power dissipation and stability for inter-event instants are also held with Lyapunov function. A benchmarking multi-microgrid cluster (MMC) has been built in PSCAD/EMTDC software to validate that, compared to traditionally periodical sampling scheme, the proposed control strategy can dramatically alleviate communication burdens without sacrificing microgrid performances in proportional power sharing, controller convergence and interval stability.

关键词： consensus algorithm distributed control event-triggered mechanism multi-microgrid cluster

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consensus-Based Distributed Control for Overvoltage Mitigation in LV Microgrids

Consensus-Based Distributed Control for Overvoltage Mitigati...

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IEEE Milan PowerTech Conference

作者： Mai, T. T. Haque, A. N. M. M. Nguyen, P. H. Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Eindhoven Netherlands Luxembourg Inst Sci & Technol SUSTAIN ERIN Sustainable Energy Syst Grp Bclvaux Luxembourg

ISBN: (纸本)9781538647226

In this paper, a consensus-based distributed control is proposed to mitigate overvoltage at the point of connection of PV systems in a low-voltage microgrid. The proposed control scheme uses a hierarchical control comprising the local control at each of PV inverters acting as the lower level control and the consensus-based distributed control acting as the higher level control. To cope with overvoltage problems due to the increasing PV penetration, the lower level control includes both the Q-V and PV droop functions. By using a consensus-based algorithm on sparse communication infrastructure, the higher level control layer is activated to allocate control resources optimally among PV inverters, i.e. active power curtailment of PV inverters being equal and as minimum as possible. The feasibility of the proposed control scheme is successfully verified through simulations on a French distribution network using MATLAB/Simulink.

关键词： Microgrid Photovoltaic (PV) Overvoltage problem consensus algorithm Distributed control

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consensus Based State of Charge Balancing Control for Multiple DESUs in Islanded Microgrid 22

Consensus Based State of Charge Balancing Control for Multip...

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22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS)

作者： Qi, Lei Sun, Xiaofeng Zhang, Huxiang Zhao, Zhiguo Li, Huidong Yanshan Univ Key Lab Power Elect Energy Conservat & Motor Driv Qinhuangdao Hebei Peoples R China Shi Jiazhuang Kelin Elect Co Ltd Shijiazhuang Hebei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728133980

Distributed energy source units (DESUs) is indispensable for microgrid to compensate for the intermittent and randomness of distributed energy sources (DES). Therefore, use time of batteries in DESUs is a crucial issue. In order to avoid decreasing the cycle life of DESUs, consensus based SoC balancing control is raised. The intermediate control variables SoC(ave) is got by adopting neighbor communication based on consensus algorithm. With applying suggested approach, SoC could realize balance which each DESU has disparate states (such as initial SoC and sizes). Simulation results present the validities of the suggested approach for multiple DESUs in islanded microgrid.

关键词： DESU SoC consensus algorithm different sizes

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Stealth Attacks in Microgrids: Modeling Principles and Detection

Stealth Attacks in Microgrids: Modeling Principles and Detec...

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International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS)

作者： Devakumar Annavaram Subham Sahoo Sukumar Mishra IIT Delhi New Delhi India Aalborg University Aalborg East Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781665428743

This paper proposes a attack index to detect stealth attacks on current sensor information in a distributed controlled dc microgrids. Stealth attacks are considered the intelligent false data injection attack where it satisfies consensus algorithm objectives in the secondary control. This particular study is carried out on a secondary controller, which is highly prone to cyber-attacks due to involved communication. An attack index (AI) is calculated to detect the stealth attack on the current sensor information, which effectively identifies the stealth attack with existing low bandwidth communication. A stealth attack on current sensor information to the dc microgrid's secondary controller is simulated using Matlab/Simulink environment, and attack detection results are presented and verified with the experimental results.

关键词： Conferences Microgrids Bandwidth consensus algorithm Power systems Indexes Artificial intelligence

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Development of a Blockchain-Based Energy Trading Scheme for Prosumers

Development of a Blockchain-Based Energy Trading Scheme for ...

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Power Tech Conference

作者： Matthew Gough Sérgio F. Santos Artur Almeida Mohammad Javadi Tarek AlSkaif Rui Castro João P. S. Catalão Feup Inesc Tec Porto Portugal Inesc Tec Porto Portugal Feup Porto Portugal Wageningen University & Research The Netherlands Ist Inesc-Id Lisbon Portugal

The combination of consumer owned Distributed Energy Resources, new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), as well as changes to the national electricity regulations have created new opportunities for consumer engagement in the electricity sector. In this paper, this combination of technologies and regulations is examined in the Portuguese context. The new regulations dealing with self-consumption from prosumers are combined with smart contracts and distributed ledger technology to formulate an automated energy trading system for residential end-users in local energy markets. Results show that including prosumers in the local energy market brings significant benefits to all market participants. Additionally, results show that the newly created regulatory role of a Market Facilitator is beneficial to these type of local energy exchanges.

关键词： Law Distributed ledger Smart contracts Tariffs consensus algorithm Information and communication technology Blockchains

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Tracing and Securing DER Transactions in the Wholesale Electricity Market using Blockchain

Tracing and Securing DER Transactions in the Wholesale Elect...

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Power Tech Conference

作者： Mohammad Khoshjahan Milad Soleimani Mladen Kezunovic Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Participation of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the wholesale electricity market (WEM), provides an opportunity to DER owners to profit from dynamic energy prices and ancillary service products (ASPs) while enhancing reliability and flexibility of power systems. Recently announced FERC Order 2222 in the USA clarifies the regulatory rules to support this participation. The order directs the WEMs across the USA to accommodate the participation of DERs in the market through aggregators. This opportunity encounters two major challenges: (i) traceability of DERs service support by the aggregator, (ii) cybersecurity of the communications among the ISO, aggregator and DERs. To address these challenges, we propose a blockchain-based solution to assure traceability and security of energy/monetary transactions among different entities involved in this arrangement. First, we discuss what the ASPs characteristics of the aggregator-DERs engagement are. Next, we define the data that needs to be exchanged among the involved entities and how the energy, ASP and monetary transactions can be validated based on this data. Last, we discuss the blockchain framework design to preserve privacy, the consensus algorithm for transaction exchange, and data to be stored in the blocks.

关键词： ISO ISO Standards Power system dynamics consensus algorithm Electricity supply industry Dynamic scheduling Blockchains

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An optimization of DPoS for swarm intelligence

An optimization of DPoS for swarm intelligence

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Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

作者： Kailei Tang Zhiyan Dong Tianlun Dai Zhongxue Gan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665426480

The issues of managing swarm intelligence are essential to many multiple tasks. The scenarios are complex and dynamic, which is hard for a single agent to satisfy the needs of various tasks. As thus, a practical intelligence cooperative combat scheme, composed of multiple agents, is required to supply a effective and efficient consensus for swarm intelligence with external conditions evolving. Among this scheme, the accuracy of information sharing, transmission, and the integrity of the stored data are all critically significant. The Blockchain, a digital distributed ledger,is distributed on different nodes, and each node holds the same data, which attracts increasing attentions recently. There are many consensus algorithms which is the key part of the blockchain, such as PoW, PoS, DPoS, PoR, etc. However, no matter in terms of performance, security and stability, existing work can hardly support a battle plan oriented to swarm intelligence. To our knowledge, there is no consensus algorithm that takes into account the resources of agent in swarm intelligence collaboration. Therefore, we introduce an optimization of DPoS for swarm intelligence based on agent behavior monitoring and agent’s own resource analysis (Delegated Proof of Stake based node’s Behavior and Resource, DPoSBR). Combining the situation of malicious behaviors of the agent and the resources of the agent, we choose the more trustworthy agent as the captain. Therefore, the captain agent is more secure and the election process is fairer. Finally, the extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of DPoSBR algorithm, which has good practicability. Meanwhile, it enables more agents to participate, which is beneficial to the decentralization of the system and can promote the enthusiasm of the entire agents, and it prevents the malicious agents from doing malicious behaviors again.

关键词： Voting Information sharing consensus algorithm Stability analysis Blockchains Security Particle swarm optimization

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FBMTO: Fusion of Blockchain and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Task Offloading in edge computing

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Information Fusion 2025年 124卷

作者： Juan Li Ruhong Liu Wei Liu School of Computer Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 Hubei China Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 Hubei China

In the I nternet of T hings (IoT) era, blockchain-enhanced edge services have emerged as a promising paradigm to process and secure the massive data generated by IoT devices. However, the extra resources and processing time taken up by the blockchain cannot be ignored, which poses a greater challenge to the task offloading problem for the service. Motivated by this, this paper proposes a more efficient fusion framework, FBMTO, which fully considers the balance between additional costs and performance improvements for task offloading in edge computing. The framework transforms the task offloading problem into a dual-objective optimization problem by fully considering the costs produced by the on-chain tasks. Then, we design a B lockchain-enabled M ulti- A gent R einforcement learning T ask O ffloading algorithm (BMARTO) to find the optimal offloading decision. In BMARTO, a novel reputation mechanism is introduced to speed up the optimization process while maintaining efficiency in the task offloading process. Additionally, we design an E dge- C omputing D elegated P roof of S take consensus algorithm (ECDPoS), an improved D elegated P roof of S take (DPoS) that enabling high-throughput consensus operations in edge environments and boosting blockchain efficiency via a novel smart contract. Experimental results demonstrate that FBMTO reduces task latency and energy consumption while ensuring data security, outperforming existing methods in various scenarios.

关键词： Blockchain consensus algorithm Reinforcement Learning Security Task offloading Technology fusion

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