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An Improved Authentication Scheme for Internet of Vehicles Based on Blockchain Technology

IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 45061-45072页

作者： Wang, Xiaoliang Zeng, Pengjie Patterson, Nick Jiang, Frank Doss, Robin Hunan Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Xiangtan 411201 Peoples R China Deakin Univ Sch Info Technol Geelong Vic 3220 Australia

Thanks to the rapid development in mobile vehicles and wireless technologies, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become an attractive application that can provide a large number of mobile services for drivers. Vehicles can be informed of the mobile position, direction, speed, and other real-time information of nearby vehicles to avoid traffic jams and accidents. However, the environments of IoV could be dangerous in the absence of security protections. Due to the openness and self-organization of IoV, there are enormous malicious attackers. To guarantee the safety of mobile services, we propose an effective decentralized authentication mechanism for IoV on the basis of the consensus algorithm of blockchain technology. The simulation under the veins framework is carried out to verify the feasibility of the scheme in reducing the selfish behavior and malicious attacks in IoV.

关键词： Blockchain Internet of Vehicles security and privacy consensus algorithm

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ABlockchain-enabled Efficient and Fair Energy Trading Schemes in Industrial Internet of Things

ABlockchain-enabled Efficient and Fair Energy Trading Scheme...

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IEEE International Symposium on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC)

作者： Jianwen Hu Yuling Chen Xiaoiun Ren Yixian Yang Xiaobin Qian State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang China Blockchain Laboratory of Agricultural Vegetables Weifang University of Science and Technology Weifang China School of Cyberspace Security Beijing University of Posts and Telecommnuications Beijing China Guizhou CoVision Science & Technology Co. Ltd Guiyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421751

As the technical support of the Industrial Internet of Things, blockchain technology has been widely used in energy trading, data transactions, and Internet of Vehicles. However, among the existing energy trading models, most of them only address the transaction security and transaction privacy issues that arise in the energy trading process, ignoring the fairness of resource allocation and transaction equity in the trading process. In order to tackle those problems, an energy trading scheme called Ho-trade is proposed in this paper to improve the efficiency of model trading while ensuring the fairness of energy trading. We propose a new trading strategy in the Ho-trade energy trading scheme that guarantees fairness in the allocation of trading re-sources by introducing an entity's active-reputation value. Based on the identity verification foundation of the consortium chain, the scheme enhances the existing PBFT consensus algorithm and improves the efficiency of model transactions. The experimental simulation indicates that the scheme requires less transaction time and has higher transaction fairness and security.

关键词： Privacy Data privacy Cloud computing consensus algorithm Data models Delays Blockchains

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Tangle the Blockchain:Towards Connecting Blockchain and DAG

Tangle the Blockchain:Towards Connecting Blockchain and DAG

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IEEE International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE)

作者： Houssein Hellani Layth Sliman Abed Ellatif Samhat Ernesto Exposito Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’ Adour E2S UPPA LIUPPA Anglet France EFREI Engineering School-Paris VillejuifFrance Faculty of Engineering - CRSI Lebanese University Hadath Lebanon

ISBN: (纸本)9781665427906

Blockchain brings many added values to modern business systems. However, Blockchain-based applications with massive IoT devices experience some limitations. The limitations are due to the linear structure and the consensus algorithms used in Blockchain that consume the participating nodes' considerable resources. In addition, IoT devices are generally with limited resources and have limited bandwidth connections. IOTA, based on Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), is a new distributed ledger technology (DLT) for IoT devices. It proves its high scalability by providing parallel data processing. However, DAG is still not mature enough to fully replace Blockchain. In previous work, we proposed combining Blockchain and IOTA technologies to allow scalable transactions where Blockchain is employed in the backend, and Tangle is used in the frontend. This paper considers the proposed solution, focusing mainly on the connector part that intermediates both DLT technologies. The connector is a decentralized software component that supports the interaction between the DLT implicitly. The experiments' results show the flexibility to merge both DLTs using a message queuing protocol that enables smart contracts to run on the Tangle nodes and enriches the new platform with reliability and working offline features.

关键词： Connectors Distributed ledger Scalability Smart contracts Supply chains consensus algorithm Stability analysis

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A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF QUANTIFICATION METHODS

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Schumacher, Tobias Strohmaier, Markus Lemmerich, Florian University of Mannheim Germany RWTH Aachen University Germany GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences Germany Complexity Science Hub Austria University of Passau Germany

Quantification represents the problem of estimating the distribution of class labels on unseen data. It also represents a growing research field in supervised machine learning, for which a large variety of different algorithms has been proposed in recent years. However, a comprehensive empirical comparison of quantification methods that supports algorithm selection is not available yet. In this work, we close this research gap by conducting a thorough empirical performance comparison of 24 different quantification methods on overall more than 40 data sets, considering binary as well as multiclass quantification settings. We observe that no single algorithm generally outperforms all competitors, but identify a group of methods including the threshold selection-based Median Sweep and TSMax methods, the DyS framework including the HDy method, Forman’s mixture model, and Friedman’s method that performs best in the binary setting. For the multiclass setting, we observe that a different, broad group of algorithms yields good performance, including the HDx method, the Generalized Probabilistic Adjusted Count, the readme method, the energy distance minimization method, the EM algorithm for quantification, and Friedman’s method. We also find that tuning the underlying classifiers has in most cases only a limited impact on the quantification performance. More generally, we find that the performance on multiclass quantification is inferior to the results obtained in the binary setting. Our results can guide practitioners who intend to apply quantification algorithms and help researchers to identify opportunities for future research. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： consensus algorithm

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Blockchain-Based Access Control for the Internet of Things: A Survey

Blockchain-Based Access Control for the Internet of Things: ...

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Computer Science and Data Engineering (CSDE), IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on

作者： Ebtihal Abdulrahman Suhair Alshehri Asma Cherif Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665495530

Recently, the IoT environment is becoming more fertile for malicious users to break the security and privacy of users. Access control becomes a critical requirement to protect against illegal access that usually leads to sensitive data leakage. Unfortunately, the traditional access control mechanisms are centralized in terms of design and management, thus are not suitable for decentralized IoT systems. To deal with the distributed IoT environment, blockchain is considered as a promising distributed data management technology to different non-crypto currency areas, including IoT. Although blockchain can optimize some IoT requirements such as dynamicity, security, decentralization, and anonymity, it has some issues such as complex consensus algorithms, overhead, and scalability. This paper surveys and compares the most recent researches in the blockchain-based access control for IoT and suggests a set of requirements that should be considered while applying blockchain to control access in the IoT environment.

关键词： Access control Privacy Scalability Conferences consensus algorithm Data engineering Control systems

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A DAG-based Secure Cooperative Task Offloading Scheme in Vehicular Networks

A DAG-based Secure Cooperative Task Offloading Scheme in Veh...

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International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)

作者： Yao Xie Fan Wu Ke Zhang Supeng Leng School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic and Science Technology of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665432078

Cooperative task offloading is a promising solution to improve computation efficiency and reduce task delay in vehicular networks. However, trust risk among vehicles leads to security and privacy issues in the cooperative offloading process. In this article, we propose a Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based secure cooperative task offloading framework, which provides secure and efficient computation services for the vehicular networks. The DAG-based blockchain is extended with a priority and reliability-biased random walk (PR-BRW) consensus algorithm to ensure the latency requirements of tasks in different emergency degrees. Moreover, to prevent the potential malicious behaviors of vehicles involved in offloading, we develop a vehicle credit assessment mechanism that can adaptively adjust the consensus opportunities according to vehicle credit values. Next, we formulate the cooperative task offloading problems to minimize the overall offloading delay by jointly optimizing offloading decision, data segment size, and DAG confirmation threshold. Furthermore, we analyze the PR-BRW consensus process to obtain the DAG confirmation time, and develop a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based delay-optimal cooperative offloading (PDCO) scheme to achieve the optimal solution. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed secure cooperative task offloading scheme.

关键词： Privacy Simulation consensus algorithm Delays Computational efficiency Blockchains Security

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Establishing Standards for consensus on Blockchains 1

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2nd International Conference on Blockchain (ICBC) Held as Part of the Services Conference Federation (SCF)

作者： Sorensen, Derek Pyrofex Corp 4692 North 300 West Suite 100 Provo UT 84604 USA

ISBN: (数字)9783030234041

ISBN: (纸本)9783030234041;9783030234034

We survey six popular blockchain consensus algorithms, showing that the blockchain community does not have well-established theoretical foundations. We consolidate and unify these foundational notions, establishing high quality standards and exploring the comparative relationship between foundations used on these different algorithms. The framework established here is meant to be used by academic and industrial blockchain researchers as a foundation for the theory of consensus.

关键词： Blockchain consensus algorithm Nakamoto consensus Byzantine fault tolerant Network model Adversarial model Safety Liveness Finality

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SEVA: A Smart Electronic Voting Application Using Blockchain Technology

SEVA: A Smart Electronic Voting Application Using Blockchain...

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IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)

作者： Jacob Abegunde Joseph Spring Hannan Xiao University of Hertfordshire UK King's College London UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781665417617

The development of electronic voting applications remains an active area of research and this has led to the proposal and implementation of many models based on blockchains. However, most of the proposed models are partially decentralized solutions, in which the blockchain is used as a storage media for votes while the application is written in programming tools such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. This makes them vulnerable to attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, Single Point of Failure (SPF), and fraudulent record modification. In this paper, we propose a fully decentralized electronic voting application, SEVA, in which we placed the whole application (code and data) in Ethereum to protect the application from vulnerabilities. Additionally, we propose a new consensus algorithm, Proof of Smart Vote (PoSV) for SEVA, as a viable energy-saving alternative to the energy-intensive Proof of Work (PoW). We implemented and evaluated SEVA with PoSV and compared it with a partially decentralized model of the application.

关键词： Codes Conferences consensus algorithm Programming Media Proof of Work Blockchains

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Peer-to-Peer Trade Registration Process with Blockchain in Small And Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in E-Governance

Peer-to-Peer Trade Registration Process with Blockchain in S...

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ISEA ASIA SECURITY AND PRIVACY (ISEASP)

作者： Narendra K Dewangan Preeti Chandrakar National Institute of Technology Raipur Raipur India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665420181

The trade registration process is a big part of starting economic development for any region of the country. It provides employment, economic growth for the region, production of goods and product of the whole community. In the traditional trade registration system, challenges like corruption, delay in time, non-availability of authorities and critical registration process. Blockchain is a transparent, distributed, decentralized and reliable technology for the fast and trusted working process. Using blockchain in the trade registration process can solve the problems mentioned above in the industrial scenario. The consensus algorithm in blockchain provides the decentralized authority approval process. Any authority can approve the application process based on the digital signature availability in the transactions. In this paper, we use proof-of-authentication for transaction approval and a novel miner selection algorithm to reduce the biasing and centralization of authorization in e-governance. For key generation, we are using Ed25519, and for the implementation of blockchain, a custom PHP-based blockchain is used.

关键词： Economics Privacy Employment Production consensus algorithm Blockchains Peer-to-peer computing

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Noisy (Binary) Searching: Simple, Fast and Correct

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Dereniowski, Dariusz Lukasiewicz, Aleksander Uznański, Przemyslaw Gdańsk University of Technology Poland Institute of Computer Science University of Wroclaw Poland

This work considers the problem of the noisy binary search in a sorted array. The noise is modeled by a parameter p that dictates that a comparison can be incorrect with probability p, independently of other queries. We state two types of upper bounds on the number of queries: the worst-case and expected query complexity scenarios. The bounds improve the ones known to date, i.e., our algorithms require fewer queries. Additionally, they have simpler statements, and work for the full range of parameters. All query complexities for the expected query scenarios are tight up to lower order terms. For the problem where the target prior is uniform over all possible inputs, we provide an algorithm with expected complexity upperbounded by (log2 n + log2 δ−1 + 3)/I(p), where n is the domain size, 0 ≤ p 0 is the failure probability, and I(p) is the information gain function. As a side-effect, we close some correctness issues regarding previous work. Also, en route, we obtain new and improved query complexities for the search generalized to arbitrary graphs. This paper continues and improves the lines of research of Burnashev–Zigangirov [Prob. Per. Informatsii, 1974], Ben-Or and Hassidim [FOCS 2008], Gu and Xu [STOC 2023], and Emamjomeh-Zadeh et al. [STOC 2016], Dereniowski et al. [SOSA@SODA 2019]. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： consensus algorithm

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