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Diffusion Strategy-Based Distributed Operation of Microgrids Using Multiagent System

ENERGIES 2017年第7期10卷 903-903页

作者： Bui, Van-Hai Hussain, Akhtar Kim, Hak-Man Incheon Natl Univ Dept Elect Engn 12-1 Songdo Dong Incheon 406840 South Korea Incheon Natl Univ Res Inst Northeast Asian Super Grid 12-1 Songdo Dong Incheon 406840 South Korea

In distributed operation, each unit is operated by its local controller instead of using a centralized controller, which allows the action to be based on local information rather than global information. Most of the distributed solutions have implemented the consensus method, however, convergence time of the consensus method is quite long, while diffusion strategy includes a stochastic gradient term and can reach convergence much faster compared with consensus method. Therefore, in this paper, a diffusion strategy-based distributed operation of microgrids (MGs) is proposed using multiagent system for both normal and emergency operation modes. In normal operation, the MG system is operated by a central controller instead of the distributed controller to minimize the operation cost. If any event (fault) occurs in the system, MG system can be divided into two parts to isolate the faulty region. In this case, the MG system is changed to emergency operation mode. The normal part is rescheduled by the central controller while the isolated part schedules its resources in a distributed manner. The isolated part carries out distributed communication using diffusion between neighboring agents for optimal operation of this part. The proposed method enables peer-to-peer communication among the agents without the necessity of a centralized controller, and simultaneously performs resource optimization. Simulation results show that the system can be operated in an economic way in both normal operation and emergency operation modes.

关键词： consensus algorithm diffusion strategy distributed system energy management system microgrid operation optimal operation

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Study on Regional Autonomy of Active Distribution Network Based on consensus Theory

Study on Regional Autonomy of Active Distribution Network Ba...

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IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)

作者： Dong, Lei Liu, Wei Chen, Naishi Pu, Tianjiao North China Elect Power Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Beijing 102206 Peoples R China China Elect Power Res Inst Power Automatizat Dept Beijing 100192 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509054183

With an increasing number of controllable distributed generations (DGs) integrated into active distribution network (ADN), the real-time transmission capacities of communication network and computational capabilities of the control center face enormous challenges. To solve this issue, this paper presents a distributed optimal scheduling method based on consensus algorithm, which has a lower requirement for computing and communication capabilities of the autonomous regions. Law of equal consumed energy ratio is the theoretical basis used in the electric power system's optimal scheduling method. This paper defines incremental cost as the consistent variable. The incremental cost and active power output are calculated and updated by the local controller through the consensus algorithm. After iteration calculations, the incremental cost of all controllable DGs will reach consistency in the autonomous region, which realized the economic dispatch of autonomous region. The simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.

关键词： active distribution network (ADN) consensus algorithm optimal dispatch regional autonomy distributed generation (DG)

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Adaptive Marginal Costs-Based Distributed Economic Control of Microgrid Clusters Considering Line Loss

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ENERGIES 2017年第12期10卷 2071页

作者： Zhou, Xiaoqian Ai, Qian Wang, Hao Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

When several microgrids (MG) are interconnected into microgrid clusters (MGC), they have great potential to improve their reliability. Traditional droop control tends to make the total operating costs higher as the power is distributed by capacity ratios of distributed energy resources (DERs). This paper proposes an adaptive distributed economic control for islanded microgrids which considers line loss, specifically, an interesting marginal costs-based economic droop control is proposed, and consensus-based adaptive controller is applied, to deal with power limits and capacity constraints for storage. The whole expense can be effectively lowered by achieving identical marginal costs for DERs in MGC. Specially, the capacity constraints only for storages are also included to do further optimization. Moreover, consensus-based distributed secondary controllers are used to rapidly restore system frequency and voltage magnitudes. The above controllers only need to interact with neighbor DERs by a sparse communication network, eliminating the necessity of a central controller and enhancing the stability. A MGC, incorporating three microgrids, is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

关键词： microgrid clusters marginal costs line loss consensus algorithm distributed economic control distributed secondary controllers

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Iterative Learning consensus Control for Multi-Agent Systems under Independent Position and Velocity Topologies 28

Iterative Learning Consensus Control for Multi-Agent Systems...

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28th Chinese Control and Decision Conference

作者： Wang, Jiaxian Zhang, Lin Li, Junmin Li, Jinsha Xidian Univ Sch Math & Stat Xian 710071 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467397148

In this paper, we propose an iterative learning control (ILC) for the consensus of multi-agent systems in a very general framework where the position and velocity interactions among agents are modeled by independent graphs. A class of distributed consensus protocol is constructed as iterative learning algorithm. Assuming that the leader node is globally reachable under independent position and velocity topologies, a sufficient condition to guarantee the multi-agent consensus is derived for the directed communication topologies. Further, the proposed scheme is also extended to achieve the formation control for the multi-agent systems. Simulation results are finally presented to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of our iterative learning protocol.

关键词： multi-agent systems double-integrator dynamics consensus algorithm iterative learning control formation control independent position and velocity interactions

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An Improved Droop Control Strategy for Low-Voltage Microgrids Based on Distributed Secondary Power Optimization Control

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ENERGIES 2017年第9期10卷 1347页

作者： Li, Demin Zhao, Bo Wu, Zaijun Zhang, Xuesong Zhang, Leiqi Southeast Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China State Grid Zhejiang Elect Power Res Inst Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang Peoples R China

To achieve accurate reactive power sharing and voltage frequency and amplitude restoration in low-voltage microgrids, a control strategy combining an improved droop control with distributed secondary power optimization control is proposed. The active and reactive power that each distributed generator (DG) shares is calculated by extracting load information and utilizing a power sharing ratio, and is reset to be the nominal power to recalculate droop gains. The droop control curves are reconstructed according to the nominal active and reactive power and the recalculated droop gains. The reconstructed active power-frequency droop control can regulate active power adaptively and keep frequency at a nominal value. Meanwhile, the reconstructed reactive power voltage droop control can reduce voltage amplitude deviation to a certain extent. A distributed secondary power optimization control is added to the reconstructed reactive power voltage droop control by using average system voltage. The average system voltage is obtained by using a consensus algorithm in a distributed, sparse communication network which is constituted by all controllers of DGs. As a result, accurate reactive power sharing is realized, average system voltage is kept at a nominal value, and all voltage amplitude deviations are further reduced. Due to the absence of a microgrid central controller, the reliability of the strategy is enhanced. Finally, the simulation results validate the proposed method.

关键词： low-voltage microgrids improved droop control distributed secondary power optimization control consensus algorithm accurate reactive power sharing

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Privacy Preserving consensus-Based Economic Dispatch in Smart Grid Systems 1

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2nd International Conference on Future Network Systems and Security (FNSS)

作者： Mandal, Avikarsha Offenburg Univ Appl Sci Offenburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783319480213

ISBN: (纸本)9783319480213;9783319480206

Economic dispatch is a well-known optimization problem in smart grid systems which aims atminimizing the total cost of power generation among generation units while maintaining some system constraints. Recently, some distributed consensus-based approaches have been proposed to replace traditional centralized calculation. However, existing approaches fail to protect privacy of individual units like cost function parameters, generator constraints, output power levels, etc. In this paper, we show an attack against an existing consensus-based economic dispatch algorithm from [16] assuming semi-honest non-colluding adversaries. Then we propose a simple solution by combining a secure sum protocol and the consensus-based economic dispatch algorithm that guarantees data privacy under the same attacker model. Our Privacy Preserving Economic Dispatch (PPED) protocol is information-theoretically secure.

关键词： Privacy Economic load dispatch Critical infrastructure protection consensus algorithm Smart grid Secure multi-party computation

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A Decentralized Power Allocation Strategy for the EV Charging Network

A Decentralized Power Allocation Strategy for the EV Chargin...

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IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia

作者： Guibin Wang Hairong Li Huaizhi Wang Xian Zhang Feng Zhang College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 999077 China Department of Electrical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538642924

nowadays, developing electric vehicles (EVs) is an important measure to reduce the greenhouse effect of the traditional transportation system. While the number of EVs growing rapidly, how to charge EVs efficiently attracts researchers' attention. Different from the traditional centralized charging power allocation, which is operated by a centralized control computer collecting all information and sending the commands to EVs, in this paper the decentralized power allocation strategy for EV charging network is proposed. Moreover, the centralized algorithm requires a high quality communication network, which cannot handle disturbances in communication like delays or packet losses. Therefore, the consensus algorithm is applied here to realize the efficiency and robust power allocation of the EV charging network in a decentralized fashion. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy has been fully investigated in three different cases.

关键词： Electric vehicles consensus algorithm Charging network

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consensus-driven Distributed Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Loading Management in Distribution Networks 7

Consensus-driven Distributed Control of Battery Energy Stora...

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IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)

作者： Wang, Dongxiao Meng, Ke Gao, Xiaodan Chen, Guo Luo, Fengji Dong, Zhao Yang Univ Newcastle Ctr Intelligent Elect Networks Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Univ Sydney Sch Elect & Informat Engn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781509040759

With the electricity demand growing around the world, overloading is becoming a critical problem needed to be solved in distribution systems. Although renewable-based distributed generation methods are a good option, its intermittency and uncertainty should be addressed. This paper aims to provide an attempt to coordinate battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for loading management in distribution network with solar power energy penetration. Through limited communication, required load shedding is shared among participating BESSs. Communication topology variation is also studied in this research, which proves that communication network is playing a critical role in regulating distributed resources. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control strategy.

关键词： Distributed control consensus algorithm battery energy storage system loading management

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consensus-based. Distributed Control for Economic Operation of Distribution Grid with Multiple Consumers and. Prosumers

Consensus-based. Distributed Control for Economic Operation ...

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IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting (PESGM)

作者： Pourbabak, Hajir Chen, Tao Su, Wencong Univ Michigan Dept Elect & Comp Engn Dearborn MI 48128 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509041688

This paper investigates the economic operation of distribution grid with multiple consumers and prosumers using consensus-based distributed control algorithms. Driven by the emerging Smart Grid technologies, a tremendous amount of electricity consumers and prosumers have the potential to actively participate into the retail electricity market. This paper formulates the utility and cost functions of a variety of consumers and prosumers and their local/global constraints. Case studies demonstrate the accuracy, robustness, effectiveness, and scalability of the proposed distributed control approaches for the economic operation of multiple consumers and prosumers under various operating conditions. The distributed control algorithms contained in this paper can apply to many other smart grid applications.

关键词： consensus algorithm Consumer Prosumer Economic Dispatch and Smart Grid

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Incremental Cost consensus algorithm in a Smart Grid Environment

Incremental Cost Consensus Algorithm in a Smart Grid Environ...

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General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES)

作者： Zhang, Ziang Chow, Mo-Yuen N Carolina State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Raleigh NC 27606 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710018

In a next generation power system, effective distributed control algorithms could be embedded in distributed controllers to properly allocate electrical power among connected buses autonomously. In this paper, we present a novel approach to solve the economic dispatch problem. By selecting the incremental cost of each generation unit as the consensus variable, the algorithm is able to solve the conventional centralized control problem in a distributed manner. The row-stochastic matrices have been used to indicate the different topologies of distribution systems and their configuration properties, such as convergence speeds. The simulation results of several case studies are provided to verify the algorithm.

关键词： Distributed control consensus algorithm quantized consensus economic dispatch multi-agent system smart grid

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