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Multirate consensus-Based Distributed Control for Large-Scale Wind Farms

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY 2025年

作者： Silva, Jean Gonzalez Keijzer, Twan Gallo, Alexander Julian Ferrari, Riccardo van Wingerden, Jan-Willem Delft Univ Technol Delft Ctr Syst & Control NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands

High penetration of wind energy is pushing wind farms (WFs) to offer grid support capabilities, such as active power tracking. One of the main challenges in active power tracking for WFs is the interaction of wind turbines (WTs) through their wakes. This reduces the available wind in downstream WTs, leading them to saturation, while also affecting structural loading. With the increasing number of WTs in individual WFs, the computational and communication complexity of implementing centralized control architectures grows, posing challenges for real-world applications. In this article, we present a novel distributed control approach for active power tracking for WFs, namely multirate consensus-based distributed control (MCDC). The MCDC is designed to ensure that tracking errors caused by WT saturation are equally compensated throughout the WF, while only requiring local information exchanges between WTs. Furthermore, the proposed controller ensures that WT aerodynamic loading is balanced across the WF in a distributed manner. Finally, the overall power reference is distributed via a leader-follower consensus algorithm, resulting in a fully distributed approach. Our control approach facilitates the WF modularity and sparsity, which reduces the costs associated with control design and its applicability. Throughout this article, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MCDC through high-fidelity simulations, presenting performance comparable to the centralized control.

关键词： Decentralized control Aerodynamics Loading Control systems Wind turbines Force Data models consensus algorithm Wind farms Power distribution Active power control average consensus distributed control integral control thrust balance wake effects wind farm (WF) control

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Research on Improved PBFT consensus Mechanism based on Reputation Value Mechanism and Leader Election algorithm

Research on Improved PBFT Consensus Mechanism based on Reput...

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Frontiers Technology of Information and Computer (ICFTIC), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Jinlin Xu Xuyun Fu Shisheng Zhong Yongjian Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Marine Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai) Weihai Shandong China

ISBN: (数字)9798331541750

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541767

In recent years, blockchain technology, with its decentralized, transparent and immutable characteristics, has become an effective solution to enhance the sharing of civil aviation engine operation and maintenance data. Among them, consensus algorithm is one of the most important parts of blockchain technology, but the current traditional PBFT consensus algorithm has many shortcomings. In order to improve the consensus efficiency of PBFT algorithm and speed up the operation and maintenance data link, this paper proposes an improved consensus mechanism based on the civil aviation engine life cycle operation and maintenance data sharing method. This method improves the efficiency of PBFT consensus process by introducing reputation value mechanism and leader election algorithm. The system dynamically adjusts reputation scores based on the behavior of nodes, with honest nodes receiving rewards while dishonest nodes face reduced reputation or monetary penalties. In addition, the leader election algorithm designed in this paper ensures the fairness and stability of the system, and preferentially elects high-reputation nodes to play the core role through the reputation-based election mechanism, thus improving the consensus efficiency and system performance.

关键词： Heart beat Voting Heuristic algorithms System performance consensus algorithm Throughput Maintenance consensus protocol Engines Faces

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Enhanced Trust & Risk Based Access Control, in Autonomous Vehicles, by Using Ethereum vs Hyperledger Platforms consensus algorithms

Enhanced Trust & Risk Based Access Control, in Autonomous Ve...

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International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology (ICAIT)

作者： Sadia Hussain Shahzaib Tahir Asif Masood Ihsan Elahi Dept. of Information Security National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan Dept. of Computer Sciences The University of Faisalabad (TUF) Pakistan

ISBN: (数字)9798350391497

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391503

Blockchain is an emerging technology for data security, integrity and secure communication in the networks of autonomous vehicles (AVs), this technology is extremely utilized for the AV s applications to record the access control data. The aim of this work is to share the knowledge on the growing demand of blockchain technology for the autonomous vehicles, discuss the consequences of integration of blockchain technology in AVs networks and access control systems for autonomous vehicles. This work offers a comprehensive investigation of existing applications for AVs based on blockchain technology with respect to various aspects including secure communication channels, forensics applications, secure data storage, reputation and trust management, data integrity and privacy. This work also offers an extensive study on various types of consensus algorithms used in Ethereum/Hyperledger, and provides a comprehensive comparison of trust and risk based on blockchain consensus algorithms on Ethereum over Hyperledger for autonomous vehicle applications.

关键词： Access control Data privacy Distributed ledger Scalability Forensics Memory consensus algorithm Blockchains Trust management Autonomous vehicles

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Reputation Management for consensus Mechanism in Vehicular Edge Metaverse

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第4期42卷 919-932页

作者： Liu, Lei Feng, Jie Wu, Celimuge Chen, Chen Pei, Qingqi Xidian Univ Guangzhou Inst Technol Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Telecommun Engn State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian 710071 Peoples R China Shaanxi Key Lab Blockchain & Secure Comp Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Electrocommun Dept Comp & Network Engn Tokyo 1828585 Japan Xidian Univ Sch Telecommun Engn Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Metaverse is a visually rich virtual space in which users can interact with each other. By introducing metaverse into vehicular networks, vehicular metaverse can provide users real-time immersive experiences based on augmented technologies. Vehicular edge computing is a desirable approach to support computation-intensive vehicular metaverse services by network resource collaboration. User collaboration needs to reach a consensus on perception information, operation control and so on to realize user autonomy. However, the existing consensus algorithms often require computational proof or frequent communication, making them unsuitable for dynamically changing vehicular edge metaverse with low latency and energy restrictions. In this paper, we have proposed a reputation model maintained in the vehicular edge metaverse to score the vehicles, so the vehicles with a high reputation can be selected to participate in practical Byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) consensus, which improves the probability of success and credibility of consensus without increasing the number of participating vehicles. Meanwhile, an optimization problem is formulated for each vehicle to allocate its computation and communication resources to reach a PBFT consensus. Also, the optimized communication time interval of each phase in the PBFT consensus can be used as a reference for setting the agreed upper time, which reduces the waiting time of vehicles and the probability of re-consensus. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed scheme effectively achieves PBFT information consensus with lower latency and energy consumption, and thus is more scalable and efficient.

关键词： Metaverse consensus algorithm Resource management Energy consumption Collaboration Security Delays Vehicular metaverse PBFT consensus algorithm resource allocation vehicular edge computing

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Matrix-Scaled consensus Over Undirected Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2024年第6期11卷 6678-6691页

作者： Trinh, Minh Hoang Vu, Hoang Huy Le-Phan, Nhat-Minh Nguyen, Quyen Ngoc FPT Univ AI Dept Quy Nhon 55117 Vietnam Hanoi Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Elect Engn Dept Automat Engn Hanoi 11615 Vietnam

This paper studies matrix-scaled consensus algorithms for linear dynamical agents interacting over an undirected network. Under the proposed algorithms, the state vectors of all agents asymptotically agree up to some scaling matrix weights. First, the geometry of the matrix-scaled consensus space and the matrix-scaled Laplacian are studied. Second, matrix-scaled consensus algorithms for networks of single-integrators are proposed in two scenarios: with and without constant parametric uncertainties. Nonlinear and finite-time matrix-scaled consensus algorithms are also discussed. Finally, observer-based matrix-scaled consensus algorithms are designed for homogeneous and then extended for heterogeneous linear-time invariant agents. The validity of the proposed algorithms is established through rigorous mathematical analysis and demonstrated by numerical simulations.

关键词： consensus algorithm Vectors Symmetric matrices Laplace equations Heuristic algorithms Uncertainty Multi-agent systems Geometry Vehicle dynamics Urban areas Adaptive control consensus multi-agent systems multi-dimensional opinion dynamics

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Three-party evolutionary game-based analysis and stability enhancement of improved PBFT consensus mechanism

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CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第9期27卷 12283-12309页

作者： Wang, Feifan Liang, Nuojing Wu, Faguo Zhou, Bo Nie, Jiawei Zhang, Xiao Beihang Univ Sch Math Sci Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Zhongguancun Lab Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Inst Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Key Lab Math Informat & Behav Semant LMIB Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Bejing Adv Innovat Ctr Future Blockchain & Privacy Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

Within the intricate dynamics of a blockchain system, participants with bounded rationality may engage in dishonest behavior, thereby disrupting the consensus of the system in the absence of incentive mechanisms. This vulnerability is particularly common in voting-based consensus mechanisms like Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), yet existing analyses often overlook the rational perspectives of participants. In this paper, we introduce an evolutionary game-theoretic approach to extend the current incentive mechanisms, enhancing the system's stability and security. In permissioned blockchain environments, we developed a three-party evolutionary game model involving proposers, validators and auditors that dynamically assesses node strategies under various economic incentives and attack scenarios on an improved mechanism basis. Using replicator dynamic equations, we identified the conditions under which nodes converge to different evolutionarily stable strategies. Through simulation experiments, we validated the incentive mechanism's effectiveness in promoting honest participation and resisting bribery attacks. When dishonest nodes do not exceed 80%, the system can quickly evolve to the honest state and can cope with changes in the payoff for malfeasance, whereas the original mechanism could not reach the ideal state under any condition. This achievement is attributed to the design of the mechanism and the judicious adjustment of reward and punishment parameters. The research contributes valuable findings to the discourse on consensus security. It provides key insights for developing more robust and rational incentive mechanisms in future protocols.

关键词： Blockchain consensus algorithm Incentive mechanism Evolutionary game theory Security

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Efficient and secure privacy protection scheme and consensus mechanism in MEC enabled e-commerce consortium blockchain

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JOURNAL OF CLOUD COMPUTING-ADVANCES SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Li, Guangshun Wu, Haoyang Wu, Junhua Li, Zhenqiang Qufu Normal Univ Sch Comp Sci Rizhao Peoples R China

The application of blockchain technology to the field of e-commerce has solved many dilemmas, such as low transparency of transactions, hidden risks of data security and high payment costs. Mobile edge computing(MEC) can provide computational power for blockchain, and can meet the demand for high real-time and low latency in e-commerce transaction systems. However, there are still some constraints in the MEC enabled e-commerce consortium blockchain, such as the leakage of user privacy information, low security of consensus algorithm and other security issues. In this paper, we propose a secure transaction model suitable for MEC enabled e-commerce consortium blockchain, aiming to ensure the efficiency of system transaction processing while improving the security of users' privacy information and transaction data. The model adopts the lightweight Paillier encryption algorithm to protect the security of user privacy information and transaction data to prevent the leakage of user privacy information, and optimizes the security of leader election phase of Raft consensus algorithm by introducing the shamir secret sharing protocol to improve the anti-Byzantine failure capabilities of Raft consensus algorithm. The effectiveness of the scheme proposed in this paper is demonstrated by experimental simulations.

关键词： Consortium blockchain Mobile edge computing consensus algorithm E-commerce Privacy protection

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Differentially Private consensus for Second-Order Multiagent Systems With Quantized Communication

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2024年第4期35卷 5523-5535页

作者： Zhang, Wenjun Wang, Bing-Chang Liang, Yong Shandong Univ Sch Control Sci & Engn Jinan 250061 Peoples R China

This article considers the differentially private consensus problem of discrete-time second-order multiagent systems with partially measurable states and limited communication channel capacity, where only the integer-value information of agents can be transmitted. To reduce the potential risk of state information disclosure in digital communication, a differentially private consensus algorithm via dynamic encoding-decoding is proposed for the second-order multiagent system to make agents achieve mean-square consensus by transmitting quantized integer values with privacy protection. To deal with the uncertainty of the quantizer saturation, the statistical analysis is given for the boundedness of the input of quantizers. It is shown that the expectation of the minimum memory capacity of quantizers is 2 bits. Finally, some simulation results are given to visualize our conclusions.

关键词： Privacy Differential privacy consensus algorithm Protocols Multi-agent systems Vehicle dynamics Symmetric matrices Differential privacy mean-square consensus multiagent systems quantized communication stochastic system

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Analysis of Assessment Factors of consensus algorithms in Supply Chain Management

Analysis of Assessment Factors of Consensus Algorithms in Su...

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Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technology (Global AI Summit), International Conference on

作者： Shikha Rani Vandana Kushwaha Divya Pandey Department of Computer Science Banaras Hindu University Vranasi India School of Computer Science Engineering Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India

ISBN: (数字)9798350379716

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379723

Blockchain technology has transformed supply chain management due to its unprecedented security, transparency, and efficiency. This technology has also enabled businesses to track their products in real-time and make informed decisions about inventory levels. Anyone who involved in the supplychain needs to ensure that they provide reliable information about the product's handling, provenance, and quality. Supply chain operations have emerged as a complex and challenging business environment, but blockchain technology and consensus algorithms offer potential solutions. This study examines the intricate nature of consensus algorithms and their applications in supply chain management. The elementary objective of this study is to provide an extensive analysis of consensus algorithms, focusing on their important assessment factors, like trust, security, cost, and others, in supply chain processes using blockchain. By employing a systematic approach, we evaluate the fundamental consensus algorithms, including proof of authority, proof of stake, and some others. This study also assesses the respective platforms on which the consensus algorithms have been executed and the integration with the IoT's suitability for different domains of supply chain management.

关键词： Supply chain management Systematics Supply chains consensus algorithm Real-time systems Vaccines Security Reliability Artificial intelligence Business

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Louvain-Based Committee Formation and Reputation-Driven Leadership for Hybrid Blockchain consensus

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2024年第4期70卷 6936-6943页

作者： Wadhwa, Shivani Gagandeep, Shalli Rani, Shalli Punjabi Univ Patiala Dept Comp Sci Patiala 147002 India Chitkara Univ Inst Engn andTechnol Rajpura 140401 Punjab India

The acceptability of blockchain technology has experienced significant growth due to its innovative nature, encompassing several key elements such as distributed data storage, peer-to-peer networking, integrity verification, consensus algorithms, cryptography, and smart contracts. The consensus algorithm plays a pivotal role in determining the effectiveness, robustness, and reliability of blockchain systems. The ongoing expansion of the digital economy presents a persistent challenge in identifying or constructing an optimal blockchain cross-chain consensus algorithm that effectively addresses specific business requirements especially for various applications of consumer electronics. This research study introduces a novel approach to enhance blockchain cross-chain consensus algorithms, prioritizing the augmentation of throughput, leader's capacity, and enhancement of fault tolerance. The solution under consideration employs committees established by the Louvain Modularity Optimization (LMO) algorithm for local blockchain, along with reputation-based leader selection, to safeguard the integrity of the blockchain network globally. The proposed approach distributes the transactions among the committees and demonstrates an average throughput that is about 1.6 times greater than that of RapidChain following 100 iterations and 1.14 times more than that of the sharding technique. The results indicate that the utilization of reputation-based leader selection and immediate leader replacement, which is based on reputation score, effectively enhances the resilience of the system against attacks, while simultaneously boosting the overall throughput.

关键词： Blockchains Peer-to-peer computing Throughput Consumer electronics consensus algorithm Bitcoin Fault tolerant systems Blockchain consensus algorithm reputation-based leader selection Louvain modularity optimization hybrid consensus

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