The proof-of-work (PoW) algorithm has been initially used in Bitcoin and is now one of the mainstream consensus algorithms to create immutable ledgers of transactions. However, it is still not very well understood, an...
详细信息
The proof-of-work (PoW) algorithm has been initially used in Bitcoin and is now one of the mainstream consensus algorithms to create immutable ledgers of transactions. However, it is still not very well understood, and as such, its entire strength remains undervalued. While some researchers classify it as a Nakamoto consensus algorithm, some other researchers do not even consider it as a consensus algorithm. In this article, the objective is to shed light on classifying PoW. To this end, we make a theoretical analysis from a coordination perspective, and then we conclude that PoW is a stigmergic consensus algorithm where the trace left by an action in the blockchain through indirect coordination of agents stimulates a subsequent action and eventually creates a single chain of blocks. In other words, PoW is a form of stigmergic coordination toward emergent behavior of a blockchain system. Based on this identification, we further analyze the fundamental properties of PoW. Finally, we reengineer PoW by improving its missing stigmergic mechanisms, and we provide a discussion.
作者：
Lee, Woo YongKim, Keunyoung
Mobile Communication Research Division Telecommunication & Media Research Laboratory Daejeon Korea Republic of
The polar region communication network is modeled as a delay-tolerant payment channel network and a multi-path routing system is assumed to operate. Among the most appropriate models for sharing and managing such coll...
详细信息
Dear editor,Owing to the recent advancements in the field of Internet of things(Io T), the use of Io T devices has increased in every aspect of human life, such as smart cities, Internet of medical things, and Interne...
详细信息
Dear editor,Owing to the recent advancements in the field of Internet of things(Io T), the use of Io T devices has increased in every aspect of human life, such as smart cities, Internet of medical things, and Internet of vehicles [1]. Such devices gather data from the surrounding environment and communicate with each other via the Internet. However, it is difficult for such non-trustable devices to collaborate without a trusted intermediary [2]. According to IBM, blockchains [3,4],
Multi-agent systems presently find extensive applicability across diverse domains. Central to these applications is the imperative for agents to exchange information regarding their experiences, knowledge, and actions...
详细信息
In blockchain, the consensus algorithm is a core component that governs the trust among the participants in the blockchain activities. However, the exiting consensus algorithms suffer from performance bottle-neck such...
详细信息
In blockchain, the consensus algorithm is a core component that governs the trust among the participants in the blockchain activities. However, the exiting consensus algorithms suffer from performance bottle-neck such as low throughput, high delay, unstable performance, sustainability issues and vulnerability to targeted attacks. In this paper, we propose a new consortium blockchain consensus algorithm, referred to as Weighted Byzantine Fault Tolerance (WBFT) consensus algorithm that improves system throughput and consensus delay. We introduce a dynamic weighting mechanism for consensus nodes, which enhances the security of blockchain system by weakening the influence of malicious nodes and reduces the probability of malicious behavior. We validate the performance of WBFT experimentally and compare it against Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Reputation-Based Byzantine Fault-Tolerance (RBFT) based approaches. The results show that WBFT substantially outperforms PBFT and RBFT in terms of system throughput, consensus delay and security.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
In this paper, we analyze the decentralization features of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and evaluate the limitations of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) benefits in this context. Our research explores th...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9798400708671
In this paper, we analyze the decentralization features of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and evaluate the limitations of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) benefits in this context. Our research explores the essential characteristics of consensus algorithms, including security, finality, and efficiency, for CBDCs and considers the trade-off between transaction throughput and decentralization. After examining various options, we conclude that Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) are unsuitable for CBDCs. However, Proof of Authority (PoA), Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS), and Notary Services are promising alternatives. Our findings reveal that while CBDCs possess some decentralization components in their architecture, they still maintain political and logical centralization due to regulation by the Central Bank. Consequently, CBDCs can only partially leverage all the benefits of DLT, such as the ability to withstand challenges, which still depend on the Central Bank as the sole point of failure. This paper aims to equip policymakers with valuable insights to make informed decisions regarding the design of CBDC consensus algorithms.
This work presents Reputation-Based Streamlet (RBStreamlet), an improved version of the Streamlet consensus algorithm, designed to address limitations such as high bandwidth load and high communication complexity duri...
详细信息
The integration of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and blockchain can solve security problems, such as malicious data tampering and data falsification in the traditional IIoT system, for the problems of low t...
详细信息
Traditional droop control is incapable of achieving precise frequency and voltage regulation, as well as dealing with power imbalance issue caused by inconsistent line impedance in distributed generator (DG) systems. ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9798350309638
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350309645
Traditional droop control is incapable of achieving precise frequency and voltage regulation, as well as dealing with power imbalance issue caused by inconsistent line impedance in distributed generator (DG) systems. Therefore, an improved droop control strategy is proposed in this paper. The improved strategy solving the two problems using consensus algorithm and coefficient adaptation. First, by constructing dynamic droop coefficients, the method adaptively adjusts frequency and voltage. This ensures accurate frequency and voltage regulation with zero steady-state error in the system. Additionally, a reactive power deviation term is constructed to depict deviation level of each DG in the system. Utilizing the consensus algorithm, reactive power deviation terms lead to zero in the end and precise distribution of reactive power is achieved. Simulation experiments are conducted on the MATLAB/Simulink platform to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
When the microgrid operates in islanding mode, the energy storage device can realize autonomous power distribution through droop control. The traditional droop control ignores the effect of line impedance inconsistenc...
详细信息
暂无评论