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Cooperative game consistency optimal strategy of multi-microgrid system considering flexible load

ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 2022年第3期44卷 7378-7399页

作者： Lyu, Zhilin Lai, Yongfa Yang, Xiao Li, Yuanzheng Yi, Jiaqi Guangxi Univ Coll Elect Engn Nanning 530004 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Wuhan Peoples R China

In this paper, a cooperative game consistency optimal scheduling strategy for islanded multi-microgrid systems is proposed to solve the problem of energy mutualization and economic scheduling. Firstly, considering the power loss, flexible load demand, and other operating indicators, to maximize the user and supplier benefits, the real-time transaction electricity price model of the user side and the power supply side is constructed. On this basis, considering the energy sharing among microgrids and aiming at minimizing the operating cost of the multi-microgrid system, a multi-microgrid cooperative game optimization scheduling model is established. Then, the optimal solution of the cooperative game model is obtained by using the consensus algorithm of equal increment rate. The equivalence between the real-time transaction price of the user side and the power supply side and the transaction price on the microgrid is proven. The Shapley value method is used to complete the benefit distribution of each microgrid. Finally, the validity and reliability of the method are verified by an islanded multi-microgrid system. Simulation results show that when multiple microgrids are involved in a cooperative game, by optimizing the transaction electricity price among microgrids and the output of controllable distributed units, regulating and flexible load demand, energy sharing among microgrids can be achieved, and the overall operating costs of the alliance can be reduced. The total daily scheduling cost of cooperative game alliance is 1749 USD less than that of independent operation mode. Solving the cooperative game model by using an equal increment rate consensus algorithm allows the optimal global solutions to be obtained quickly, and the solution time is only 0.6 s, and effectively suppresses the negative effects of fluctuating or uncertain factors on the multi-microgrid system.

关键词： Islanded multi-microgrid system real-time transaction electricity price flexible load demand cooperative game consensus algorithm Shapley value method

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Deterministic Privacy Preservation in Static Average consensus Problem

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IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS LETTERS 2021年第6期5卷 2036-2041页

作者： Esteki, Amir-Salar Kia, Solmaz S. Univ Calif Irvine Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Irvine CA 92697 USA

In this letter, we consider the problem of privacy preservation in the static average consensus problem. This problem normally is solved by proposing privacy preservation augmentations for the popular first order Laplacian-based algorithm. These mechanisms however come with computational overhead, may need coordination among the agents to choose their parameters and also alter the transient response of the algorithm. In this letter, we show that an alternative iterative algorithm that is proposed in the literature in the context of dynamic average consensus problem has intrinsic privacy preservation and can be used as a privacy preserving algorithm that yields the same performance behavior as the well-known Laplacian consensus algorithm but without the overheads that come with the existing privacy preservation methods.

关键词： Privacy Convergence Heuristic algorithms consensus algorithm Transient response Additives Topology Privacy preservation static average consensus networked systems

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A consensus-based control for precise reactive power-sharing in AC microgrids

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS 2023年 60卷

作者： Hennane, Youssef Berdai, Abdelmajid Pierfederici, Serge Meibody-Tabar, Farid Univ Lorraine CNRS LEMTA F-54000 Nancy France Univ Hassan II Casablanca Natl Sch Elect & Mech Energy & Elect Syst Lab Casablanca Morocco

The objective of this work is to propose a control structure for managing the energy of distributed generators connected through a meshed AC network, which supplies a set of distributed loads. To avoid the need for algorithm switching in the event of faults (such as line losses or generator disconnections), all converters operate in grid forming mode. A control strategy based on nonlinear droop control ensures optimal network operation (equal sharing of active and reactive power) even in the presence of uncertainties. Only local voltage measurements are exchanged between neighboring nodes and used by a consensus algorithm to achieve the control objectives. The design of control parameters and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) validations are presented in the article. The findings demonstrate that a low communication rate network is sufficient to achieve the desired objectives.

关键词： Distributed Generators Distributed Control consensus algorithm Mesh Micro-grids Droop control Power sharing

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A blockchain-based data storage architecture for Internet of Vehicles: Delay-aware consensus and data query algorithms

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VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS 2024年 47卷

作者： Ren, Zhiqiang Liu, Shumei An, Yisheng Li, Yonghui Wu, Naiqi Changan Univ Sch Informat Engn Xian 710021 Peoples R China Univ Sydney Sch Elect & Informat Engn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Macau Univ Sci & Technol Inst Syst Engn Taipa 999078 Macau Peoples R China

The recent development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) relies heavily on the secure store and analysis of reliable driving data. Blockchain technology has been widely used in the IoV field due to its security advantages, where consensus and query algorithms are two key modules determining its performance. However, existing solutions do not perform well enough in terms of delay performance, thus limiting their ability to support IoV environments with ultra-low-latency requirements. To address this challenge, we design a blockchain-based data storage architecture, focusing on the design of delay-aware consensus and data query algorithms. Specifically, to reduce the consensus delay, we propose a reputation-assisted and grouping-simplified Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant (RGS-PBFT) algorithm. First, we develop a novel node credit value evaluation model by combining the behavior and configuration reputation to select the primary node with both high security and high computing capacity. Second, after determining the primary node, we reduce the communication complexity of traditional 4 PBFT from O(Z(2)) to O(Z(4/3)) by establishing a grouping-simplified consensus structure. These contributions effectively reduce the consensus delay. To reduce the query delay and index construction time, we propose an index query algorithm based on the data tracking chain (DTC-Index query). By introducing the LevelDB database, it establishes a transaction index chain coupled to vehicle ID in the blockchain. This approach avoids the timeconsuming block traversal during data querying. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform existing solutions, achieving significant improvements in both consensus delay and query time reduction. Notably, our solutions offer exceptional delay performance, making them well-suited for IoV environments.

关键词： Internet of Vehicles (IoV) Blockchain consensus algorithm Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant (PBFT) Query algorithm

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A scalable blockchain based framework for efficient IoT data management using lightweight consensus

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2024年第1期14卷 1-11页

作者： Haque, Ehtisham Ul Shah, Adil Iqbal, Jawaid Ullah, Syed Sajid Alroobaea, Roobaea Hussain, Saddam MY Univ Dept Comp Sci Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Riphah Int Univ Fac Comp Islamabad 45320 Pakistan Univ Agder UiA Dept Informat & Commun Technol N-4898 Grimstad Norway Taif Univ Dept Comp Sci Coll Computers & Informat Technol POB 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Univ Brunei Darussalam Sch Digital Sci BE-1410 Gadong Brunei

Recent research has focused on applying blockchain technology to solve security-related problems in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. However, the inherent scalability issues of blockchain technology become apparent in the presence of a vast number of IoT devices and the substantial data generated by these networks. Therefore, in this paper, we use a lightweight consensus algorithm to cater to these problems. We propose a scalable blockchain-based framework for managing IoT data, catering to a large number of devices. This framework utilizes the Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus algorithm to ensure enhanced performance and efficiency in resource-constrained IoT networks. DPoS being a lightweight consensus algorithm leverages a selected number of elected delegates to validate and confirm transactions, thus mitigating the performance and efficiency degradation in the blockchain-based IoT networks. In this paper, we implemented an Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for distributed storage, and Docker to evaluate the network performance in terms of throughput, latency, and resource utilization. We divided our analysis into four parts: Latency, throughput, resource utilization, and file upload time and speed in distributed storage evaluation. Our empirical findings demonstrate that our framework exhibits low latency, measuring less than 0.976 ms. The proposed technique outperforms Proof of Stake (PoS), representing a state-of-the-art consensus technique. We also demonstrate that the proposed approach is useful in IoT applications where low latency or resource efficiency is required.

关键词： Blockchain consensus algorithm Data storage Internet of things Smart contract

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Enhanced Control Strategy Based on Virtual Impedance Loops to Achieve the Sharing of Imbalance and Harmonic in 3-Phase 4-Wire Isolated Microgrids

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2022年第4期37卷 3412-3415页

作者： Morales-Paredes, Helmo K. Rodrigues, Diego T. Burgos-Mellado, Claudio Bonaldo, Jakson P. Sao Paulo State Univ Unesp Inst Sci & Technol Sorocaba BR-18087180 Sorocaba Brazil Univ Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD England Univ Fed Mato Grosso Dept Engn Eletr Cuiaba MT Brazil

An improved distributed control strategy for imbalance and harmonic sharing in 4-leg droop controlled power converters for 3-phase 4-wire isolated Microgrids is presented in this letter. The proposed control scheme improves a previous one proposed by some of the authors of this letter in the sense that both negative and zero current sequence components are independently controlled. A numerical comparison between the previous method [1] and the presented in this letter shows that, for the studied case, the negative sequence powers shared among the 4-leg converters using the method [1] are: 1638 VA, 2309 VA, 1760 VA, 2610 VA and 1344 VA (these powers are unequally shared). In contrast, with the improved method, all of these powers are equally shared at 1945VA, showing the effectiveness of the proposal. Similar behaviour was verified for zero-sequence powers, which, for the method [1], varied from 1588 VA to 2547 VA, while the proposed approach produced equal sharing of zero-sequence powers (2072 VA) among all the converters.

关键词： Harmonic analysis Distortion Voltage control Power system harmonics Indexes Impedance consensus algorithm Imbalance sharing harmonic sharing four-wire Microgrids consensus algorithm

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A Novel Data Integrity Attack on consensus-Based Distributed Energy Management algorithm Using Local Information

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2019年第3期15卷 1544-1553页

作者： Duan, Jie Chow, Mo-Yuen North Carolina State Univ Adv Diag Automat & Control Lab Dept Elect & Comp Engn Raleigh NC 27606 USA

This paper introduces a novel data integrity attack on the well-developed consensus-based energy management algorithm. In particular, we show that by sending out elaborately falsified information during the consensus iterations, attackers could manipulate the system operating point and gain extra economic benefits. Meanwhile, the system-level and device-level constraints are still satisfied, e.g., the power generation and demand are balanced, and the operation of individual device respects physical constraints. This data integrity attack has two major features: First, attackers rely only on local information to complete the attack;neither additional information about system topology nor additional colluders are required;second, the attacking effect is accumulative, which enables attackers to choose to finish in either single or multiple iterations. By revealing such vulnerability of consensus-based applications to data integrity attack, this paper conveys the message that besides the efforts of designing novel distributed energy management algorithms to address the renewable energy integration challenges, it is equally important to protect the distributed energy management algorithms from possible malicious attacks to avoid potential economic losses. The proposed attack is illustrated in the Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management system.

关键词： consensus algorithm data integrity attack distributed control energy management power system security

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RTPoW: A Proof-of-Work consensus Scheme with Real-Time Difficulty Adjustment algorithm

RTPoW: A Proof-of-Work Consensus Scheme with Real-Time Diffi...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)

作者： Weijia Feng Zhenfu Cao Jiachen Shen Xiaolei Dong Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665408790

Bitcoin, the first decentralized cryptocurrency system, uses a simple but effective difficulty adjustment algorithm to stabilize its average time of the block creation at 10 minutes. Over time, the volatility of the Bitcoin price has become higher and higher, and it causes the total hashrate (the hash power of the entire network) constantly fluctuating. Both facts and our experimental results prove that Bitcoin's difficulty adjustment algorithm cannot respond in time while the total hashrate is constantly fluctuating. Hence, we propose a consensus protocol with a real-time difficulty adjustment algorithm, RTPoW. RTPoW allows the blockchain to adjust the difficulty target of each block by predicting the real-time total hashrate, so the block time can remain stable even if the total hashrate is wildly fluctuating. To evaluate the effect of RTPoW, we implemented a simulator of an experimental environment and tested our algorithm. The results obtained have confirmed its effectiveness and stability.

关键词： Fluctuations Computational modeling Conferences Bitcoin consensus algorithm Predictive models Prediction algorithms

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Complexity of Solving Hash Puzzles Using Revised Boyer Quantum algorithm 18

Complexity of Solving Hash Puzzles Using Revised Boyer Quant...

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18th International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, ISITA 2024

作者： Idota, Chris Kaji, Yuichi Graduate School of Informatics Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya464-8601 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9784885523519

This study investigates the computational complexity of solving hash puzzles using quantum algorithms. A hash puzzle is formalized as a problem for finding a pre-image whose hash value falls within a specified target set. It is known that Grover quantum search algorithm and Boyer algorithm, which is a Bayesian utilization of Grover algorithm, can compute the preimage of a given hash value more efficiently than non-quantum algorithms. However, those quantum algorithms use implicit assumptions and approximations that are not compatible with a general hash puzzle. This study revises Boyer algorithm by excluding those assumptions and approximations, and clarifies the relation between the size of the target set of a hash puzzle and the complexity necessary for solving the puzzle. It is shown that, in the quantum framework, a hash puzzle with fewer targets can be easier to solve than a hash puzzle with more targets, which contradicts to the classical understanding where puzzles with fewer targets are more difficult to solve. © 2024 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.

关键词： consensus algorithm

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Analysis of Blockchain Assisted Energy Sharing algorithms with Realistic Data Across Microgrids 6

Analysis of Blockchain Assisted Energy Sharing Algorithms wi...

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6th International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications, BCCA 2024

作者： Zekiye, Abdulrezzak Bankaoglu, Ozan Sina Bouachir, Ouns Özkasap, Öznur Aloqaily, Moayad Koç University Department of Computer Engineering İstanbul Turkey Zayed University United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351538

With escalating energy demands, innovative solutions have emerged to supply energy affordably and sustainably. Energy sharing has also been proposed as a solution, addressing affordability issues while reducing consumers’ greed. In this paper, we analyse the feasibility of two energy sharing algorithms, centralized and peer-to-peer, within two scenarios, between microgrids within a county, and between microgrids across counties. In addition, we propose a new sharing algorithm named Selfish Sharing, where prosumers take advantage of consumers’ batteries in return for letting them consume part of the shared energy. The results for sharing between microgrids across counties show that the dependency on the grid could be reduced by approximately 5.72%, 6.12%, and 5.93% using the centralized, peer-to-peer and selfish sharing algorithms respectively, compared to trading only. The scenario of sharing between microgrids within a county has an average decrease in dependency on the grid by 5.66%, 6.0%, and 5.80% using the centralized, peer-to-peer and selfish algorithms respectively, compared to trading without sharing. We found that trading with batteries and the proposed sharing algorithms prove to be beneficial in the sharing between microgrids case. More specifically, the case of trading and sharing energy between microgrids across counties outperforms sharing within a county, with P2P sharing appearing to be superior. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： consensus algorithm

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