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Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE), 5th Asia Conference on

作者： Zhongqi Cai Taiyu Wang Xun Lu Shucan Zhou Jizhi Han Haitao Zhang Zhuhai Power Supply Bureau Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd. Zhuhai Guangdong School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shanxi

ISBN: (数字)9798350309638

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309645

Traditional droop control is incapable of achieving precise frequency and voltage regulation, as well as dealing with power imbalance issue caused by inconsistent line impedance in distributed generator (DG) systems. Therefore, an improved droop control strategy is proposed in this paper. The improved strategy solving the two problems using consensus algorithm and coefficient adaptation. First, by constructing dynamic droop coefficients, the method adaptively adjusts frequency and voltage. This ensures accurate frequency and voltage regulation with zero steady-state error in the system. Additionally, a reactive power deviation term is constructed to depict deviation level of each DG in the system. Utilizing the consensus algorithm, reactive power deviation terms lead to zero in the end and precise distribution of reactive power is achieved. Simulation experiments are conducted on the MATLAB/Simulink platform to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

关键词： Reactive power Heuristic algorithms Microgrids consensus algorithm Stability analysis Regulation Steady-state

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Distributed control for multiple hybrid energy storage systems using consensus algorithm in direct current power supply system

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JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2023年 588卷

作者： Cheng, Long Yang, Chao Anhui Agr Univ 130 Changjiangxilu Hefei 230036 Anhui Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut 29 Jiangjun Ave Nanjing 211100 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Multiple hybrid energy storage systems (multi-HESSs) consisting of batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) is widely used to share the requirement of system pulsating power, reducing the dependence on a single hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to improve the system reliability. The filter composed of virtual resistance droop control (VRDC) and virtual capacitance droop control (VCDC) in a HESS can achieve frequency distribution of pulsating power between a battery and SC. However, it suffers from the output voltage deviation and terminal voltage variation. Mismatched line impedances and different system parameters can cause different output voltages and inaccurate current sharing in the multi-HESSs. Meanwhile, the differences in the terminal voltages of SCs can affect the transient output capability. Therefore, this paper proposes a consensus-based distributed control strategy (CDCS) for multi-HESSs, which not only achieves global average output voltage and current sharing for batteries but also realizes restoration and consistency of SCs terminal voltage. The state variable information of adjacent converters for multi-HESSs is exchanged by the sparse communication network, and the steady-state analysis of state variables is proved. The direct current (DC) power supply system with four HESSs is established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

关键词： Energy storages consensus algorithm Current sharing Voltage regulation

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Blockchain: A comparative analysis of hybrid consensus algorithm and performance evaluation

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COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2024年 117卷

作者： Gol, Deven A. Gondaliya, Nikhil Charutar Vidya Mandal CVM Univ Comp Sci Engn Anand 388120 Gujarat India Charutar Vidya Mandal CVM Univ Anand 388120 Gujarat India

The security of data and information is a critical concern in the rapidly evolving IT industry. Blockchain technology emerges as an innovative way of enhancing data security through the secure transmission of digital assets without a trusted third party or central administrator. Blockchain's fundamental principles of decentralization, immutability, and transparency are applicable in a variety of fields, including finance, supply chain management, healthcare, digital voting, and the Internet of Things. This research explores the underlying protocols of blockchain networks, specifically focusing on consensus mechanisms that enable transaction agreement and validation. The widespread adoption of blockchain technology faces significant challenges in achieving scalability and efficient consensus mechanisms. This research addresses these crucial limitations by proposing a novel hybrid consensus approach designed to enhance usability, security, and scalability. The proposed consensus mechanism incorporates a dynamic difficulty adjustment mechanism. The difficulty of validating blocks dynamically adjusts based on transaction volume and overall validator participation. Furthermore, a slashing mechanism is implemented to penalize validators engaging in malicious behavior by reducing their stake. Our analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed scheme in addressing several key concerns associated with blockchain, including reducing energy consumption, minimizing the probability of forks, and mitigating the level of mining centralization found in the consensus algorithm.

关键词： Blockchain consensus algorithm Optimization Information security Energy efficiency

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An Efficient Blockchain consensus algorithm Based on Post-Quantum Threshold Signature

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BIG DATA RESEARCH 2021年 26卷

作者： Yi, Haibo Li, Yueping Wang, Mei Yan, Zengxian Nie, Zhe Shenzhen Polytech Sch Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Guangxi Modern Polytech Coll Dept Mech & Elect Engn Hechi 547000 Peoples R China Shenzhen Polytech Sch Digital Creat & Animat Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

Blockchain is a distributed and append-only data management system maintained by many nodes from Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, where one of the most important and successful applications is Bitcoin. In blockchain P2P networks, consensus algorithms are playing a key role and take a lot of time. For example, Bitcoin uses Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus algorithm, which takes 60 minutes to acknowledge a new transaction. Compared with the traditional data management technology, blockchain systems are very inefficient. Thus, it is very crucial to improve the blockchain consensus. We present threshold digital signature techniques to exploit the blockchain consensus mechanism. First, we propose a threshold signature scheme based on NP-hard problem, i.e., solving quadratic equations in a finite field, which is considered to be secure against quantum computer attacks and traditional attacks. Second, we further propose an efficient blockchain consensus algorithm based on the new threshold signature scheme. Third, we build a new blockchain system based on the consensus algorithm. The analysis of the blockchain system shows that the efficiency and security is must better than current blockchain systems. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blockchain consensus algorithm Post-quantum signature Threshold signature Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks

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Distributed control based on the consensus algorithm for the efficient charging of electric vehicles

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ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2023年第1期218卷

作者： Sobrinho, Dario Macedo Almada, Janaina Barbosa Tofoli, Fernando Lessa Leao, Ruth Pastora Saraiva Sampaio, Raimundo Furtado Univ Fed Ceara Dept Elect Engn Fortaleza Brazil Univ Int Integrat Afro Brazilian Lusophony Inst Engn & Sustainable Dev Redencao Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei Dept Elect Engn Sao Joao Del Rei Brazil

The massive connection of charging stations for plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) is supposed to bring significant challenges to modern power systems in a near future. In this sense, the development of efficient control and management strategies capable of handling the random arrivals and departures of EVs is a must for ensuring the safe operation of power networks. Given the above, this work proposes a distributed control approach for managing the charging process of EVs while aiming at minimizing the resulting power losses. The strategy relies on defining the number of EVs connected to a charging station in a parking lot based on the battery state of charge (SOC) and the length of stay. For this purpose, a consensus-based algorithm that does only require in-formation changed between neighboring EVs in a distributed approach is adopted. Three case studies comprising distinct amounts of EVs are assessed in detail, also considering that distributed control has low computational burden and communication requirements compared with centralized and decentralized architectures. The results demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of providing the coordinated charging of EVs, while also allowing more EVs to be easily incorporated into the analysis.

关键词： Charging stations consensus algorithm Distributed control Efficient charging Electric vehicles

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A consensus algorithm for Multi-Objective Battery Balancing

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ENERGIES 2021年第14期14卷 4279-4279页

作者： Barreras, Jorge Varela de Castro, Ricardo Wan, Yihao Dragicevic, Tomislav Imperial Coll London Dept Mech Engn London SW7 1AY England Faraday Inst Didcot OX11 0RA Oxon England Univ Calif Merced Dept Mech Engn Merced CA 95343 USA Tech Univ Denmark Dept Elect Engn DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

Batteries stacks are made of cells in certain series-parallel arrangements. Unfortunately, cell performance degrades over time in terms of capacity, internal resistance, or self-discharge rate. In addition, degradation rates are heterogeneous, leading to cell-to-cell variations. Balancing systems can be used to equalize those differences. Dissipative or non-dissipative systems, so-called passive or active balancing, can be used to equalize either voltage at end-of-charge, or state-of-charge (SOC) at all times. While passive balancing is broadly adopted by industry, active balancing has been mostly studied in academia. Beyond that, an emerging research field is multi-functional balancing, i.e., active balancing systems that pursue additional goals on top of SOC equalization, such as equalization of temperature, power capability, degradation rates, or losses minimization. Regardless of their functionality, balancing circuits are based either on centralized or decentralized control systems. Centralized control entails difficult expandability and single point of failure issues, while decentralized control has severe controllability limitations. As a shift in this paradigm, here we present for the first time a distributed multi-objective control algorithm, based on a multi-agent consensus algorithm. We implement and validate the control in simulations, considering an electro-thermal lithium-ion battery model and an electric vehicle model parameterized with experimental data. Our results show that our novel multi-functional balancing can enhance the performance of batteries with substantial cell-to-cell differences under the most demanding operating conditions, i.e., aggressive driving and DC fast charging (2C). Driving times are extended (>10%), charging times are reduced (>20%), maximum cell temperatures are decreased (>10 degrees C), temperature differences are lowered (similar to 3 degrees C rms), and the occurrence of low voltage violations during driving is reduced

关键词： lithium-ion battery balancing systems electric vehicles consensus algorithm distributed control state-of-charge equalization temperature equalization

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Blockchain-based Perfect Sharing Project Platform based on the Proof of Atomicity consensus algorithm

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TEHNICKI VJESNIK-TECHNICAL GAZETTE 2020年第4期27卷 1244-1253页

作者： Lee, Eunhee Yoon, Yongik Lee, Gyu Myoung Um, Tai-Won Sookmyung Womens Univ Dept IT Engn Seoul 04310 South Korea Liverpool John Moores Univ Dept Comp Sci Liverpool L3 3AF Merseyside England Duksung Womens Univ Dept Cyber Secur Seoul 01369 South Korea

The Korean government funded 12.8 billion USD to 652 research and development (R&D) projects supported by 20 ministries in 2019. Every year, various organizations are supported to conduct R&D projects focusing on selected core technologies by evaluating emerging technologies which industries are planning to develop. To manage the whole cycle of national R&D projects, information sharing on national R&D projects is very essential. The blockchain technology is considered as a core solution to share information reliably and prevent forgery in various fields. For efficient management of national R&D projects, we enhance and analyse the Perfect Sharing Project (PSP)-Platform based on a new blockchain-based platform for information sharing and forgery prevention. It is a shared platform for national ICT R&D projects management with excellent performance in preventing counterfeiting. As a consensus algorithm is very important to prevent forgery in blockchain, we survey not only architectural aspects and examples of the platform but also the consensus algorithms. Considering characteristics of the PSP-Platform, we adopt an atomic proof (POA) consensus algorithm as a new consensus algorithm in this paper. To prove the validity of the POA consensus algorithm, we have conducted experiments. The experiment results show the outstanding performance of the POA consensus algorithm used in the PSP-Platform in terms of block generation delay and block propagation time.

关键词： consensus algorithm distributed system information sharing Perfect Sharing Project (PSP)-Platform

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Battery Energy Storage System Based on Incremental Cost consensus algorithm for the Frequency Control

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IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 147362-147372页

作者： Chen, Chen Bao, Yu-Qing Wu, Xue-Hua Wang, Beibei Shen, Cheng Nanjing Normal Univ NARI Sch Elect Engn & Automat Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu Peoples R China Southeast Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In the past few years, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has been found of great potential in supporting the frequency control. Increasing attentions have been given to the control strategy of BESS. In this paper, a distributed control method considering the life-loss cost is proposed for BESS. Based on the multi-agent system, the Incremental Cost consensus (ICC) algorithm is applied to minimize the life-loss cost of BESS. In order to improve the control performance, parameters of the system are optimized by Genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Frequency control Power system stability Batteries Resource management consensus algorithm Decentralized control Frequency control battery energy storage system incremental cost consensus algorithm life-loss cost genetic algorithm

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A dependable and secure consensus algorithm for blockchain assisted microservice architecture

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COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2023年第PartB期109卷

作者： Ahmed, Mohiuddin Akhter, A. F. M. Suaib Rashid, A. N. M. Bazlur Pathan, Al-Sakib Khan Edith Cowan Univ Sch Sci Joondalup Australia Sakarya Univ Appl Sci Comp Engn Dept Sakarya Turkiye United Int Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Dhaka Bangladesh

One of the integral components in the architectural design and development of Internet of Things (IoT) is Microservice. Microservices are basically an architectural and organizational approach in the process of software development where the software is composed of small but independent services that would communicate over well-defined APIs (Application Program-ming Interfaces). It is quite challenging to ensure data integrity and data availability in the architecture design of microservices. As Blockchain technology has emerged as a panacea to many of the other domains, the distributed microservice architecture can also utilize it. We know that the consensus algorithms are used in the Blockchain technology to validate the transactions alongside providing extra level of security. Taking the advantage of consensus algorithms in blockchain-based architecture models, in this paper, we propose TCA (Trustworthy consensus algorithm), which is designed to solve the data integrity and availability challenges in microservice architectures. We have evaluated the proposed algorithm against the known alternatives and it shows good level of efficiency.

关键词： Blockchain Microservices consensus algorithm False data injection attacks Internet of everything

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A hybrid consensus algorithm for master-slave blockchain in a multidomain conversation system

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EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2022年第0期204卷

作者： Yang, Wenli Garg, Saurabh Huang, Zhiqiang Kang, Byeong Univ Tasmania Sch ICT Hobart Tas Australia

Conversation systems play an important role in the research and development of multidomain systems, in which the number of conversations increases rapidly with the number of domains. Multiple experts must maintain these conversation interactions, otherwise experts from different domains are unable to interact properly. For this reason, ensuring secure and efficient cooperation between different experts has become a serious issue that needs to be resolved. This study proposes a hybrid consensus algorithm for a master-slave chain to improve the efficiency and scalability of multidomain conversation interactions. Firstly, we build a master-slave chain model for a multidomain conversation system which can be applied to process multiple conversation interactions from different domains concurrently. Subsequently, a new hybrid consensus algorithm is proposed which combines reputation-driven voting, dynamic construction strategies and an incentive scheme with both economic and noneconomic rewards. Implemented and tested on a local private blockchain network, the experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach, in order to offer a decentralised, scalable, multidomain conversation system in a secure manner.

关键词： consensus algorithm Master-slave Blockchain Multidomain Conversation system

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