Blockchain fundamentals are based on a distributed peer-to-peer network, which has to deal with fault tolerances, like all other similar networks. This is specifically important for blockchain technology, due to its p...
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Blockchain fundamentals are based on a distributed peer-to-peer network, which has to deal with fault tolerances, like all other similar networks. This is specifically important for blockchain technology, due to its promised data integrity features like immutability and traceability. In this paper, we analyze the basic principles of distributed consensus algorithms while focusing on permissioned blockchain networks. We analyze how distributed consensus mechanisms in two permissioned blockchain networks (Hyperledger Fabric and Iroha) cope with a crash fault-prone environment.
Constructing effective algorithms to converge to Nash Equilibrium (NE) is a important problem in algorithmic game theory. Prior research generally posits that the upper bound on the convergence rate for games is O ( T...
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We propose a spectrum sharing algorithm based on blockchain and game theory. Unlike traditional spectrum sharing methods which use a centralized platform, our algorithm takes the decentralization and high-level trust ...
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We propose a spectrum sharing algorithm based on blockchain and game theory. Unlike traditional spectrum sharing methods which use a centralized platform, our algorithm takes the decentralization and high-level trust advantages of blockchain for operators to share free spectrum and improve the utilization rate. Our system is built on consortium blockchain in which operators can trade spectrum directly. Consortium blockchain is used to authenticate members waiting to join, record information of all the transactions and ensure that it cannot be tampered by cryptography, consensus algorithm and other methods. In addition, the operators will use the game theory to specifically share spectrum between each other in our model. The operators will make their optimal sharing strategy based on game theory. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the spectrum utilization of operators and increase their revenue.
With the wide application of the Raft consensus algorithm in blockchain systems, its safety has attracted more and more attention. However, although some researchers have formally verified the safety of the Raft conse...
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With the wide application of the Raft consensus algorithm in blockchain systems, its safety has attracted more and more attention. However, although some researchers have formally verified the safety of the Raft consensus algorithm in most scenarios, there are still some safety problems with Raft consensus algorithm in some special scenarios, and cause problems now and then. For example, as a core part of the Raft consensus algorithm, the Raft leader election algorithm usually faces some safety problems in following scenarios: if the network communication between some nodes is abnormal, the leader node could be unstable or even cannot be elected, or the log entry cannot be updated, etc. In this paper, we model check the safety of the Raft leader election algorithm throughly using Spin. We use Promela language to model the Raft leader election algorithm and use Linear-time Temporal Logic (LTL) formulae to characterize three safety properties including stability, liveness, and uniqueness. The verification results show that the Raft leader election algorithm does not hold stability and liveness when some nodes are faulty and node log entries are inconsistent. For these safety problems, we give the suggestions for improving safety by analyzing counter examples.
The proliferation of fake goods has had a significant effect on the industrial sector in recent years. According to the research, the number of occurrences involving bogus products has increased recently, which is hur...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350391770
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350391787
The proliferation of fake goods has had a significant effect on the industrial sector in recent years. According to the research, the number of occurrences involving bogus products has increased recently, which is hurting the company's reputation, earnings, and sales. Users must have a method to identify if a product is real or false. The blockchain facilitates more transparent and easy transactions. Data security is increased by blockchain technology because once a block is formed, it cannot be changed or altered—even if there is just one alteration that affects the hash value. This essay offers a thorough analysis of the literature on the topics of blockchain, its applications, how it operates, and how it might be used to detect counterfeit goods. The goal is to look at the different types of fraud and the effects they have., this paper guides developers to design and evaluate consensus mechanism in blockchain systems.
Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies are the most popular and the earliest applications of Blockchain. A Blockchain is a public ledger that is distributed and decentralized and it is used to carry out transactions online acro...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781728168517
ISBN:
(纸本)9781728168524
Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies are the most popular and the earliest applications of Blockchain. A Blockchain is a public ledger that is distributed and decentralized and it is used to carry out transactions online across the entire network of computer systems. It is a recent technology adopted for data security. The non-modifiable property of the blockchain helps to overcome the problem of document forgery. According to researches, about one million students graduate each year and the document issuing authorities have seemed to be compromised for the security credentials of student data. Due to a lack of effective anti-forge mechanism, forged documents often get unnoticed. The use of physical copies of documents creates a huge overhead as it involves manual verification, paper storage, and manual auditing. Various agencies fail to verify the authenticity of the documents and create loopholes. In this paper, in an attempt to solve the above problem, we design a multi-node private blockchain network using the Ethereum framework and create an off-chain storage i.e. private Interplanetary File System (IPFS) to store the documents. We also evaluate the performance of Ethereum blockchain by analysing the impact of various parameters such as varying difficulty level, load, network size, and consensus algorithms.
An earlier paper gives an account of a quest for a satisfactory formalization of the classical informal notion of an algorithm. In this paper, an attempt is made to generalize the results of that quest to the informal...
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The biharmonic distance (BD) is a fundamental metric that measures the distance of two nodes in a graph. It has found applications in network coherence, machine learning, and computational graphics, among others. In s...
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This paper proposes a novel distributed approach for solving a cooperative Constrained Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (CMARL) problem, where agents seek to minimize a global objective function subject to shared co...
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To address limitations in scalability and robustness of centralized economic dispatch methods for microgrids, this paper proposes a fully distributed economic dispatch algorithm for microgrids. By the proposed method,...
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To address limitations in scalability and robustness of centralized economic dispatch methods for microgrids, this paper proposes a fully distributed economic dispatch algorithm for microgrids. By the proposed method, the incremental cost is set as consensus variable and estimated power mismatch is obtained and controlled to ensure the power balance through communication among adjacent agents. However the method will be affected by the unreliable communication links, specifically, communication packet loss in communication networks, in power balance and convergence of the algorithm. To overcome the issue, an adjustment mechanism based on similarity is proposed. The simulation results for 6-node microgrid verify the effectiveness of the proposed dispatch algorithm equipped with the adjustment mechanism.
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