consensus algorithms play a critical role in blockchains and directly impact their performance. During consensus processing, nodes need to validate and order the pending transactions into a new block, which requires v...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665405508
consensus algorithms play a critical role in blockchains and directly impact their performance. During consensus processing, nodes need to validate and order the pending transactions into a new block, which requires verifying the application-specific data encapsulated within a transaction. This exposes the underlying data to the consensus nodes, presenting privacy concerns. Existing consensus algorithms focus on realizing application security and performance goals, but lack privacy-by-design properties or are resource-heavy and intended for securing permissionless blockchain networks. In this paper, we propose P-CFT, a zero-knowledge and crash fault tolerant consensus algorithm for permissioned blockchains. The proposed consensus algorithm provides inherent data privacy directly to the consensus layer, while still providing guarantees of crash fault tolerance. We conduct experiments using the Hyperledger Ursa cryptographic library, and the results show promise for integrating P-CFT into existing permissioned blockchain systems requiring privacy-preserving and crash fault tolerant features.
Aiming at the problems of inefficient leader election, high leader node carrying pressure, and low scalability of blockchain network of Raft consensus algorithm, an improved Raft consensus algorithm-NK-Raft is propose...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350362930
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350362947
Aiming at the problems of inefficient leader election, high leader node carrying pressure, and low scalability of blockchain network of Raft consensus algorithm, an improved Raft consensus algorithm-NK-Raft is proposed. The multi-objective function is established during the leader election phase, and the NSGA-II algorithm is utilized to conduct the leader election directly. By doing this, the election efficiency is increased, and time-wasting several rounds of leader node competition in the Raft consensus process are avoided. In order to decrease the load-bearing pressure on the leader nodes and increase the scalability of the blockchain network, the tightness value is proposed to stratify the network during the log replication phase. The K-Means++ algorithm is then introduced to group the node clusters in the blockchain network. The experimental study’s findings demonstrate that, in comparison to the Raft consensus algorithm and the MCRaft algorithm, the NK-Raft algorithm reduces the election and consensus delays of the leader node as the blockchain network scales up, increases throughput, significantly lessens the load-bearing pressure on the leader node, has better scalability, and guarantees the blockchain network’s performance.
This article focuses on the application of blockchain consensus algorithms in the power energy trading system and the comparison of these algorithms such as PBFT(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), Raft and IBFT(Ist...
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This article focuses on the application of blockchain consensus algorithms in the power energy trading system and the comparison of these algorithms such as PBFT(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), Raft and IBFT(Istanbul Byzantine Fault Tolerance). The article introduces the concept of blockchain consensus algorithms and its application in power energy trading system. It then provides a brief overview of the three algorithms and their underlying structures. The comparison of the algorithms is done in terms of features such as scalability, reliability and security. The article also provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm and its application in power energy trading system. We examine the blockchain partition algorithm improved by the integration of Raft consensus and IBFT consensus, with a special focus on the advantages of using a hybrid algorithm in distributed networks. We discuss the need for consensus algorithms that are well-suited to blockchain networks and the improved security provided by a consensus algorithm incorporating both Raft and *** also discuss the implications of incorporating Raft and IBFT into a blockchain partition algorithm and its potential scalability. In conclusion, we provide a synthesis of our research, with potentials for further studies and contributions in this field.
In this paper, we analyze the decentralization features of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and evaluate the limitations of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) benefits in this context. Our research explores th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400708671
In this paper, we analyze the decentralization features of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and evaluate the limitations of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) benefits in this context. Our research explores the essential characteristics of consensus algorithms, including security, finality, and efficiency, for CBDCs and considers the trade-off between transaction throughput and decentralization. After examining various options, we conclude that Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) are unsuitable for CBDCs. However, Proof of Authority (PoA), Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS), and Notary Services are promising alternatives. Our findings reveal that while CBDCs possess some decentralization components in their architecture, they still maintain political and logical centralization due to regulation by the Central Bank. Consequently, CBDCs can only partially leverage all the benefits of DLT, such as the ability to withstand challenges, which still depend on the Central Bank as the sole point of failure. This paper aims to equip policymakers with valuable insights to make informed decisions regarding the design of CBDC consensus algorithms.
This paper investigates a consensus algorithm-based power dispatch problem when the power outage happens in the intelligent household. Energy storage devices are added in power grids to support the electricity supply ...
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This paper investigates a consensus algorithm-based power dispatch problem when the power outage happens in the intelligent household. Energy storage devices are added in power grids to support the electricity supply while taking power outages into consideration. According to the need of using electrical appliances caused by the different power outage periods lengths, the establishment of smart home load model and the load shedding judgment are proposed. When the different energy storage devices are used to provide electricity, a consensus algorithm is proposed for the power dispatch. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithm.
Due to the high interest in the past few years, blockchain technology benefited from a fast increase in adoption rate as well as fast evolution. One of the crucial points in the blockchain space, the consensus mechani...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665406512
Due to the high interest in the past few years, blockchain technology benefited from a fast increase in adoption rate as well as fast evolution. One of the crucial points in the blockchain space, the consensus mechanism, generally still suffers from lack of development, thus decreasing the adoption of the technology in big scale projects and daily use. Older-established consensus algorithms, such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), suffer from various flaws, ranging from the high costs of maintaining a node in the network and generating new blocks, to the risk of being affected by a series of attacks, as well potential of network monopoly by various entities. This paper proposes a model of a democratically-governed consensus algorithm that is focused on a fair distribution of assets, with a fast and secure way of validating and distributing the blocks, while being impervious to a sizeable range of attacks.
For the consensus mechanism in the blockchain, an authority and trust-based PBFT consensus algorithm for blockchain is proposed in this paper, short for AC-PBFT. Firstly, a novel credit scoring model is constructed, e...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331528324
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331528331
For the consensus mechanism in the blockchain, an authority and trust-based PBFT consensus algorithm for blockchain is proposed in this paper, short for AC-PBFT. Firstly, a novel credit scoring model is constructed, employing a proportional probability block generation model to enhance the fairness of the permissioned chain, which is used to incentivize the permissioned chain in the credit scoring model. Secondly, a biased credit scoring mechanism is designed to selectively filter out credit nodes with bias. Meanwhile, a proportional probability block generation mechanism is added to give nodes with fewer credits a chance to generate blocks. Finally, simulation tests are conducted on nodes with different identities and behaviors. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AC-PBFT has certain fairness and decentralized block generation performance in this paper.
Blockchain ensures data consistency and security through consensus algorithms. The PBFT is a consensus mechanism frequently applied in consortium blockchains. However, PBFT encounters performance bottlenecks when hand...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331528324
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331528331
Blockchain ensures data consistency and security through consensus algorithms. The PBFT is a consensus mechanism frequently applied in consortium blockchains. However, PBFT encounters performance bottlenecks when handling a substantial number of nodes, thereby significantly constraining its applicability in blockchain systems. This paper proposes an enhanced PBFT algorithm called RT-PBFT. The algorithm designs a reputation model to assess the credibility of nodes, then groups nodes based on the evaluation results, and subsequently divides the consensus process into intra-group and inter-group consensus, thus improving overall consensus efficiency. Additionally, a threshold signature mechanism is incorporated to optimize intra-group consensus, effectively reducing the communication overhead among nodes. The performance of RT-PBFT algorithm is verified through comparative experiments with traditional PBFT and G-PBFT algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the RT-PBFT algorithm reduces transaction latency and enhances throughput.
This paper proposes an innovative block validation algorithm for blockchain solutions using cellular network location services. The concept involves using the range of telecommunications signal antennas combined with ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331532895
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331532901
This paper proposes an innovative block validation algorithm for blockchain solutions using cellular network location services. The concept involves using the range of telecommunications signal antennas combined with end-user device position, provided by location services, to generate and solve the consensus task, which involves a race-like challenge with the winner being rewarded, as an additional incentive.
A one-time encryption consensus algorithm based on (t, n) threshold secret sharing is proposed to address the performance and security issues of consensus mechanisms in blockchain applications. The theoretical basis o...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350371567
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350371574
A one-time encryption consensus algorithm based on (t, n) threshold secret sharing is proposed to address the performance and security issues of consensus mechanisms in blockchain applications. The theoretical basis of this algorithm is the chaos algorithm, finite state automata, secure multi-party computation, and lagrange interpolating formula in cryptography. After analyzing the security of the threshold secret sharing scheme, it can resist various attacks and achieve a one-time encryption security level, It also has the characteristics of key dynamism and nodes management flexibility, ensuring the strong security of the proposed consensus algorithm.
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