Blockchain is a fairly new technology and still in its infancy. As a result, many research papers are creating optimized consensus algorithms. Therefore, a need for key characteristics to create optimized blockchain c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783030854461;9783030854478
Blockchain is a fairly new technology and still in its infancy. As a result, many research papers are creating optimized consensus algorithms. Therefore, a need for key characteristics to create optimized blockchain consensus algorithms has been identified. This research paper presents the results of a systematic literature on identifying the main blockchain consensus algorithms and their associated advantages and disadvantages. Papers from four different databases were retrieved and after exclusion criteria were applied, 44 papers were ultimately included in the review. Results indicated that the five main consensus algorithms were Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Stake (PoS), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), and Delegated Proof-of-Stake. The results further indicated that efficiency was the main advantage of the PoS, PBFT, PoA and hybrid consensus algorithms. The main disadvantage was "energy wastage" and was attributed to the PoW algorithm. Security concerns were the main disadvantage of the PoS algorithm. These findings were used to present key characteristics that future researchers can have in mind when creating optimized blockchain consensus algorithms.
this paper focuses on the performance evaluation of consensus algorithms used in a blockchain system for Internet of Things (IoT). In such systems the time necessary to achieve consensus should be small. Three most us...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538659250
this paper focuses on the performance evaluation of consensus algorithms used in a blockchain system for Internet of Things (IoT). In such systems the time necessary to achieve consensus should be small. Three most used consensus algorithms (modified proof of work, practical byzantine fault tolerance and binary consensus) are evaluated in different situations - type of motes, number of nodes participating in consensus algorithm and radio propagation model. An integrated solution is proposed to adapt an IoT node to different consensus algorithm. The simulations in Contiki IoT operating system show good performance (time to achieve consensus less than seconds)
Designing distributed algorithms is challenging owing to asynchrony and faults. In this study, we formally describe two malicious fault-tolerant consensus algorithms using two languages, PlusCAL and C, and perform mod...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798331540746;9798331540753
Designing distributed algorithms is challenging owing to asynchrony and faults. In this study, we formally describe two malicious fault-tolerant consensus algorithms using two languages, PlusCAL and C, and perform model checking on them. We report the observations obtained through this attempt.
In this paper, a distributed formation controller of autonomous underwater vehicles is presented. An artificial potential field is proposed based on the Lennard-Jones potential. A weight function is designed to make t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319652894;9783319652887
In this paper, a distributed formation controller of autonomous underwater vehicles is presented. An artificial potential field is proposed based on the Lennard-Jones potential. A weight function is designed to make the potential smoothly die off at the boundaries. A control algorithm is proposed according to the three rules of Reynolds: flock centering, collision avoidance and velocity matching. A single-step target tracking method is proposed to translate the desired acceleration, produced by the potential force, to the desired velocity and heading for the AUV. To make the algorithm distributed, each AUV holds a copy of the virtual leader and calculates the guidance information individually. A consensus algorithm is proposed to make the mismatches convert to zeros. A fold line and a curve line path following of the fleet are simulated, with random initial positions of the AUVs. Under the formation control algorithms proposed, the AUVs are uniformly distributed and form a lattice-like formation. We increase the number of AUVs, and the algorithm serves well, which shows good availability and flexibility.
consensus algorithms constitute a powerful tool for computing average values or coordinating agents in many distributed applications. Unfortunately, the same property that allows this computation (i.e., the nontrivial...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538613955
consensus algorithms constitute a powerful tool for computing average values or coordinating agents in many distributed applications. Unfortunately, the same property that allows this computation (i.e., the nontrivial nullspace of the state matrix) leads to unbounded state variance in the presence of measurement errors. In this work, we explore the trade-off between relative and absolute communication (feedback) in the presence of measurement errors. We evaluate the robustness of first and second order integrator systems under a parameterized family of controllers (homotopy), that continuously trade between relative and absolute feedback interconnections, in terms of the H-2 norm of an appropriately defined input-output system. Our approach extends the previous H-2 norm based analysis to systems with directed feedback interconnections whose underlying weighted graph Laplacians are diagonalizable. Our results indicate that any level of absolute communication is sufficient to achieve a finite H-2 norm, but purely relative feedback can only achieve finite norms when the measurement error is not exciting the subspace associated with the consensus state. Numerical examples demonstrate that smoothly reducing the proportion of absolute feedback in double integrator systems smoothly decreases the system performance (increases the H-2 norm) and that this performance degradation is more rapid in systems with relative feedback in only the first state (position).
Blockchain has emerged as an important technology, offering safe, decentralized, and transparent platforms for recording and validating transactions. Blockchain technology consist of several main components, i.e., con...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350382617
Blockchain has emerged as an important technology, offering safe, decentralized, and transparent platforms for recording and validating transactions. Blockchain technology consist of several main components, i.e., consensus algorithm. The consensus algorithm guarantees that all participating nodes in a blockchain network agree over the data control. Traditional consensus methods, such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), present issues in terms of energy consumption and attack vulnerability. To overcome these constraints, there has been a rising interest in incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, especially deep learning, into blockchain consensus algorithms. We highlight blockchain fundamentals in this article, while also stressing the importance of the consensus algorithm. Furthermore, we address the most recent advancements in blockchain consensus methods in both performance-based and reputation-based paradigm, emphasizing the use of AI inside these decentralized systems. The use of AI, especially deep learning, in consensus algorithms has the potential to overcome the limitations of previous techniques. Blockchain networks may improve its performance by employing AI capabilities. However, incorporating AI into blockchain consensus algorithms is having its own challenges. Therefore, we also highlight several issues related with AI-based techniques in blockchain consensus algorithms, such as dealing with the quality and variety of data utilized by consensus algorithms and maintaining the openness of the AI models. In addition to those challenges, we propose a future direction for the AI-based approach in blockchain, which includes merging the mechanisms of performance-based and reputation-based consensus algorithms to incorporate the merits of both methods.
This paper delves into the consensus algorithm and multi-model algorithm within sensor networks. To enhance the tracking capabilities for maneuvering targets, extending tracking from single sensors to a multi-sensor n...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350389968
This paper delves into the consensus algorithm and multi-model algorithm within sensor networks. To enhance the tracking capabilities for maneuvering targets, extending tracking from single sensors to a multi-sensor network becomes imperative. However, due to measurement errors among sensors, the algorithmic outputs from different sensors often exhibit inconsistencies. To ensure consensus among these results, a consensus algorithm is introduced. Information transmission between sensor networks relies on this consensus algorithm. Additionally, the fusion algorithm for each sensor is executed through the multi-model algorithm.
Blockchain technology is a new shift in the Internet world, it has brought about changes in many sectors. Where transactions can be securely accomplished via point-to-point connections in a distributed system without ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538681251
Blockchain technology is a new shift in the Internet world, it has brought about changes in many sectors. Where transactions can be securely accomplished via point-to-point connections in a distributed system without the need for a third-party, with the help of consensus algorithms. In this paper, we will conduct a comprehensive survey on the Blockchain technology with focusing in the popular consensus algorithms, in order to figure out their features, and the factors that affect the performance and security. Also, we will provide a classification of the consensus algorithms and we will perform a comprehensive comparison of studied consensus algorithms. In addition, we will provide a detailed discussion of the consensus algorithms that studied with an analysis of the main factors affecting these algorithms. Finally, we will refer to some recommendations that must be considered and which can contribute to the development of this area.
In this paper, we study the consensus problem for agents with parametric uncertainties interacting over matrix-weighted graphs. First, an adaptive matrix-weighted consensus algorithms for single-integrator agents is p...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665452489
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665452489
In this paper, we study the consensus problem for agents with parametric uncertainties interacting over matrix-weighted graphs. First, an adaptive matrix-weighted consensus algorithms for single-integrator agents is proposed and then extended to double- and higher-order integrator agents. Second, adaptive model-reference adaptive matrix-weighted consensus and its robustness are discussed. For each proposed consensus algorithm, conditions for the adaptive variables to converge to the uncertain parameters are also given. Finally, applications of the proposed consensus algorithms in displacement-based network localization and formation control are discussed and demonstrated by simulations.
The diverse range of consensus algorithms poses a challenge in selecting the most suitable one for practical application scenarios. Addressing the lack of quantitative performance comparison among consortium blockchai...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350389913;9798350389906
The diverse range of consensus algorithms poses a challenge in selecting the most suitable one for practical application scenarios. Addressing the lack of quantitative performance comparison among consortium blockchain consensus algorithms, this paper quantifies key performance indicators in consensus algorithm evaluation. Furthermore, it designs a performance evaluation framework and employs it to conduct theoretical and empirical analyses of mainstream consensus algorithms in consortium blockchains. Finally, the paper outlines the advantages and limitations of each consensus algorithm and identifies the factors constraining their performance.
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