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Iterative Learning-Based Distributed Secondary Control for AC Microgrid

IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL 2023年第3期17卷 4430-4439页

作者： Huang, Lei Sun, Wei Li, Qiyue Li, Weitao Hefei Univ Technol Hefei 230009 Peoples R China

Existing distributed secondary control strategies relying on the microgrid system model have good theoretical performance but are difficult to implement in practice due to the need for real-time observation of numerous system states. This article addresses this issue by proposing a distributed secondary control strategy for ac microgrids based on ILC. During operation, this strategy neither relies on the microgrid system model nor imposes any computational burden. First, this article introduces the microgrid hierarchical control structure and establishes a system model for primary control. Then, the proposed ILC-based secondary control strategy is elaborated, and the corresponding stability criterion is derived using the small-signal analysis method. Finally, the simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ILC-based strategy. Specifically, the proposed strategy can limit the transient time within 0.4 s when handling various disturbances, which is comparable to the existing strategies based on MPC and SMC. However, the proposed strategy is easier to implement compared with the MPC-based and SMC-based strategies, which rely on the system model. Furthermore, in plug-and-play and load change scenarios, the proposed control strategy can suppress voltage fluctuation within 1 V, which is better than existing strategies.

关键词： consensus algorithm distributed control iterative learning control (ILC) microgrid small-signal model

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A Secure, Reliable and Low-Cost Distributed Storage Scheme Based on Blockchain and IPFS for Firefighting IoT Data

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 97318-97330页

作者： Li, Lina Jin, Dezheng Zhang, Tingting Li, Nianfeng Changchun Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Changchun Univ Coll Cyber Secur Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

In the fire scene investigation, the firefighting Internet of Things (IoT) data is the key electronic evidence for event analysis and responsibility determination. However, the traditional centralized storage method leads to data easy to be tampered with and damaged. To solve these problems, this paper designs and implements a secure, reliable and low-cost distributed firefighting IoT data storage scheme based on the Fabric framework, combining blockchain technology, Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm to provide a strong support for fire accident traceability. This scheme mainly includes the storage model, key algorithms and Fabric construction and improvement. IPFS stores the complete firefighting IoT data, as the off-chain storage system of the blockchain, and the blockchain only stores the storage address (IPFS hash) of data returned by IPFS, thus reducing the storage space overhead of the blockchain and ensuring data security. Further, we adopt the Fabric framework as the blockchain platform for firefighting IoT data, and embed the PBFT consensus algorithm into the framework to ensure the reliability of consensus nodes in Fabric, thus improving the availability of the blockchain. In addition, we use the AES and RSA algorithms to ensure the security of firefighting IoT data storage and transmission. Through system analysis and experimental testing, the proposed scheme meets the need for secure storage and traceability of firefighting IoT data. Compared with the storage scheme using only blockchain, the blockchain combined with IPFS technology has advantages in storage space occupation, significantly improved throughput, and lower latency overhead. Meanwhile, compared with the official Fabric, the improved Fabric supports Byzantine fault tolerance and has better security.

关键词： Blockchains Security InterPlanetary File System consensus algorithm Secure storage Internet of Things Storage management Distributed ledger Fire safety Fires Prediction methods Firefighting IoT data blockchain IPFS secure storage system PBFT consensus algorithm hyperledger fabric

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Achieving a Decentralized and Secure Cab Sharing System Using Blockchain Technology

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2023年第12期24卷 15568-15577页

作者： Namasudra, Suyel Sharma, Pratima Natl Inst Technol Patna Dept Comp Sci & Engn Patna Bihar India Bennett Univ Dept Comp Sci Engn Greater Noida 201310 Uttar Pradesh India

The cab-sharing system provides a platform for drivers and riders with shared trip services, providing significant benefits, such as decreasing traffic congestion, reducing travel costs, and limiting energy consumption, which improve the business of transportation. However, existing cab-sharing systems mainly depend on the centralized authority to provide many services, increasing privacy concerns and facing the single point of failure issue. Also, these systems expose drivers' or riders' locations and personal information that increase security issues, and charge high fees for services due to the involvement of third-party providers. Therefore, this paper proposes a decentralized and secure cab-sharing system to provide ride-sharing services using blockchain technology without any trusted third party. The proposed system uses the blockchain structure to preserve the driver's or rider's information, such as personal details, travel price, pickup or drop-off locations, departure or arrival date, and time. Furthermore, it implements the reputation feature to rate drivers and riders based on their travel history or behaviors without any centralized authority that allows users to select them based on their past experiences on the system. The proposed architecture is deployed using the Ethereum platform and functionality is designed using smart contracts. The performance evaluation and experimental results show that the proposed system requires low computational overheads and provides an efficient cab-sharing platform.

关键词： Blockchains Vehicles Security Cryptography Smart contracts Privacy consensus algorithm Ride-sharing system delegated proof of stake data security reputation system

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Optimal obstacle avoidance consensus formation control method for fixed-wing UAV with variable topology

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Aerospace Systems 2022年第1期5卷 75-84页

作者： Yu, Deyu Zhou, Pingfang Jing, Yuhao School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Dongchuan RD. 800 Shanghai 200240 China

Aiming at the problems of control consumption, obstacle avoidance and topology change of multi-UAV formation control, a variable topology optimal obstacle avoidance consensus formation control method for multi-UAV system is proposed in this paper. First, a nonlinear model of the fixed-wing UAV is established, which is simplified to a second-order integral model by feedback linearization method. Then, a basic consensus control protocol is designed based on graph theory for obstacle-free formation control. On this basis, considering control consumption and topology change comprehensively, a variable topology optimal consensus algorithm is proposed to achieve the consensus of position and velocity information with minimum control consumption. In addition, considering the improved artificial potential field function in the obstacle environment, the optimal consensus algorithm of obstacle avoidance is obtained. Then, the stability of the proposed method is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation, and the multi-UAV system can achieve the desired flight formation with the minimum control cost under the condition of variable topology and obstacles. © 2021, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

关键词： consensus algorithm Formation control Obstacle avoidance Optimal control Variable topology

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A Scalable Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm Based on a Tree Topology Network

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 33509-33519页

作者： Jiang, Wangxi Wu, Xiaoxiong Song, Mingyang Qin, Jiwei Jia, Zhenhong Xinjiang Univ Coll Informat Sci & Engn Urumqi 830046 Peoples R China

The consortium chain is the main form of application of blockchain technology in the actual industry, and its consensus mechanism mostly adopts the practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) algorithm. The traditional PBFT algorithm is only suitable for small-scale local area networks, but in large-scale wide area network environments, its scalability bottleneck has a serious impact on the performance of the system. Therefore, in this paper, a scalable Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm based on a tree topology network is proposed (STBFT), which can take different steps to reach consensus according to the abnormal situation of the system. First, the STBFT algorithm divides the consensus nodes into different layers and groups based on the tree topology network structure, which transforms from global consensus to local consensus and drastically reduces communication consumption. Then, the division method of the group is based on a verifiable random function (VRF), with the purpose of preventing targeted attacks and colluding Byzantine nodes from affecting the normal consensus of the system. Finally, a feedback mechanism is proposed for the first time to reduce the influence of Byzantine failure on hierarchical network systems. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the communication complexity and improves the fault tolerance of the system, and the scalability of the tree topology network structure can be better applied in large-scale scenarios such as IoT and health care.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms Fault tolerant systems Communications systems Security Scalability Peer-to-peer computing consensus algorithm Topology Tree topology network PBFT scalability communication complexity high fault tolerance

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HCSC: A Hierarchical Certificate Service Chain Based on Reputation for VANETs

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2023年第6期24卷 6123-6145页

作者： Zhu, Qingyi Jing, Ankui Gan, Chenquan Guan, Xinwei Qin, Yuze Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Cyber Secur & Informat Law Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Comp Sci & Technol Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), there are many resource constrained communication nodes, distributed geographical locations, and low delay requirements. The authentication system is required to be distributed. However, the information interaction between traditional distributed authentication entities (AEs) is not transparent, and the use of blockchain is only to save certificate status records on the chain. There is a lack of trusted security management mechanisms between AEs, so there is a risk of collusion attacks and behavior record forgery and tamper attacks between AEs. Therefore, this paper mainly addresses the management problems of opaque interaction and insufficient security verification of distributed authentication entities in the VANETs scenario. In this paper, based on the security features of blockchain technology, such as public audit and tamper proof block structure, and distributed trust consensus, we propose a hierarchical and trust certificate service chain based on reputation value called HCSC. We have a set of safe and reliable management mechanisms between distributed authentication entities such as the Bitcoin system. First, we integrate the traditional hierarchical authentication system and the blockchain network into a new hierarchical certificate service chain. Then, we propose a reputation evaluation model based on the logistic regression model by quantifying the behavior records of the AEs. In addition, a new hierarchical reputation consensus based on delegated proof of stake (DPoS) and proof of work (PoW) is given. Then, a fast verification based on block height and security verification for the efficiency and security of certificate verification is proposed. Finally, the security analysis is given, and a prototype implementation of HCSC is developed based on Fabric. The experimental simulation and security analysis reveal that the HCSC is very efficient and suitable for the above issues.

关键词： Authentication Blockchains Security consensus algorithm Behavioral sciences Smart contracts Proof of Work VANETs blockchain certificate service consensus mechanisms security validation

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Maximal Dissent: A State-Dependent Way to Agree in Distributed Convex Optimization

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL OF NETWORK SYSTEMS 2023年第4期10卷 1783-1795页

作者： Verma, Ashwin Vasconcelos, Marcos M. Mitra, Urbashi Touri, Behrouz Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn San Diego CA 92093 USA Florida State Univ FSU Coll Engn Dept Elect & Comp Engn FAMU Tallahassee FL 32306 USA Univ Southern Calif Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn Los Angeles CA 90007 USA

Consider a set of agents collaboratively solving a distributed convex optimization problem asynchronously under stringent communication constraints. When an agent becomes active, it is allowed to communicate with only one of its neighbors. In this article, we propose new state-dependent gossip algorithms where the agents with maximal dissent average their estimates. We prove the almost sure convergence of max-dissent subgradient methods using a unified framework applicable to other state-dependent distributed optimization algorithms. Furthermore, our proof technique bypasses the need to establish the information flow between any two agents within a time interval of uniform length by intelligently studying the convergence properties of the Lyapunov function used in our analysis.

关键词： Optimization Convergence Convex functions Standards Network systems Lyapunov methods Control systems consensus algorithm distributed algorithms optimization

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Benzene: Scaling Blockchain With Cooperation-Based Sharding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2023年第2期34卷 639-654页

作者： Cai, Zhongteng Liang, Junyuan Chen, Wuhui Hong, Zicong Dai, Hong-Ning Zhang, Jianting Zheng, Zibin Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Baptist Univ Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China Purdue Univ Dept Comp Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Software Engn Zhuhai 519082 Guangdong Peoples R China

Sharding has been considered as a prominent approach to enhance the limited performance of blockchain. However, most sharding systems leverage a non-cooperative design, which lowers the fault tolerance resilience due to the decreased mining power as the consensus execution is limited to each separated shard. To this end, we present Benzene, a novel sharding system that enhances the performance by cooperation-based sharding while defending the per-shard security. First, we establish a double-chain architecture for function decoupling. This architecture separates transaction-recording functions from consensus-execution functions, thereby enabling the cross-shard cooperation during consensus execution while preserving the concurrency nature of sharding. Second, we design a cross-shard block verification mechanism leveraging Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), via which miners can verify blocks from other shards during the cooperation process with the minimized overheads. Finally, we design a voting-based consensus protocol for cross-shard cooperation. Transactions in each shard are confirmed by all shards that simultaneously cast votes, consequently achieving an enhanced fault tolerance and lowering the confirmation latency. We implement Benzene and conduct both prototype experiments and large-scale simulations to evaluate the performance of Benzene. Results show that Benzene achieves superior performance than existing sharding/non-sharding blockchain protocols. In particular, Benzene achieves a linearly-improved throughput with the increased number of shards (e.g., 32,370 transactions per second with 50 shards) and maintains a lower confirmation latency than Bitcoin (with more than 50 shards). Meanwhile, Benzene maintains a fixed fault tolerance at 1/3 even with the increased number of shards.

关键词： Sharding Fault tolerant systems Fault tolerance Security Throughput Protocols Bitcoin Blockchain sharding scalability function decoupling consensus algorithm

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A Distributed Implementation of Steady-State Kalman Filter

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL 2023年第4期68卷 2490-2497页

作者： Yan, Jiaqi Yang, Xu Mo, Yilin You, Keyou Tsinghua Univ Dept Automat BNRist Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

This article studies the distributed state estimation in sensor network, where m sensors are deployed to infer the n-dimensional state of a linear time-invariant Gaussian system. By a lossless decomposition of the optimal steady-state Kalman filter, we show that the problem of distributed estimation can be reformulated as that of the synchronization of homogeneous linear systems. Based on such decomposition, a distributed estimator is proposed, where each sensor node runs a local filter using only its own measurement, alongside with a consensus algorithm to fuse the local estimate of every node. We prove that the average of local estimates from all sensors coincides with the optimal Kalman estimate, and under certain condition on the graph Laplacian matrix and the system matrix, the covariance of local estimation error is bounded and the asymptotic error covariance is derived. As a result, the distributed estimator is stable for each single node. We further show that the proposed algorithm has a low message complexity of min(m, n). Numerical examples are provided in the end to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Kalman filters Linear systems Estimation Synchronization Steady-state Robot sensing systems Filtering algorithms consensus algorithm distributed estimation Kalman filter linear system synchronization

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A Comprehensive Multi-Functional Controller for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2023年第3期59卷 2985-2994页

作者： Lin, Xin Zamora, Ramon Baguley, Craig A. Auckland Univ Technol Elect & Elect Engn Dept Auckland 1142 New Zealand

This article proposes a comprehensive multi-functional controller for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), including a battery and supercapacitor (SC). In the presented method, a V-dP/dt is proposed to control the output power of the battery converter with a slow dynamic response. The traditional V-P droop is employed to regulate the SC converter to give a fast response. The dc bus voltage can be maintained in a safe range by the SC converter control so that no voltage recovery loop is required. Hence, the order of the overall control system and the complexity of parameter design can be reduced. In addition, a novel consensus-based voltage compensator is proposed to achieve the state of charge (SoC) balance and accurate power sharing among batteries. Then, an SoC restoration of the SC is used to address the leakage current and ensure sufficient energy for future use. Next, a power management scheme (PMS) is proposed to protect the batteries from over-use under different operating modes. Finally, the output impedance characteristics, control system design, and stability analysis are elaborated. The processor in the loop (PIL) simulation results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control method.

关键词： consensus algorithm DC microgrid droop control hybrid energy storage system power management state of charge balance

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