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IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)

作者： Lin, Liyu Wang, Junhui Zeng, Xiaoyang Chen, Yun Fudan Univ State Key Lab ASIC & Syst Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665450737

Computational complexity is the most significant defect of coherent optical communication, which consumes a large area and leads to high power consumption, especially for the adaptive filter used for polarization mode dispersion (PMD). In this paper, we implement a 9-tap intro-polarization and 1-tap inter-polarization equalizer, which reduces 34.4% multiplication of the conventional structure. Besides, we proposed an approximate multiplier to save 44.6% full adder. Under the QPSK modulation, the proposed equalizer has a throughput of 114Gb/s and a power of 463mW at 1.786GHz. Synthesis shows that the area of the proposed 16-way parallel adaptive equalizer is 0.365mm(2) with a 28 nm process, which has an improvement of 27.86% in area, and 37.88% in energy efficiency to the fix-point structure.

关键词： Approximate computing constant modulus algorithm QPSK coherent optical communication

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Interference Gaussianization: Time-Domain Inter-Symbol Spreading for Blind Adaptive Array Signal Source Identification

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 89539-89553页

作者： Maruta, Kazuki Senoo, Katsuya Hisano, Daisuke Nakayama, Yu Nishimori, Kentaro Tokyo Inst Technol Acad Super Smart Soc Tokyo 1528552 Japan Chiba Univ Grad Sch Engn Chiba 2638522 Japan Osaka Univ Grad Sch Engn Osaka 5650871 Japan Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol Inst Engn Tokyo 1848588 Japan Niigata Univ Fac Engn Niigata 9502181 Japan

This paper proposes a novel blind adaptive array (BAA) interference suppression scheme incorporated with a time-domain symbol spreading (TISS). It can expand an operational region of BAA irrespective of input signal-to-interference power ratio (SIR) conditions. Independent component analysis (ICA) and constant modulus algorithm (CMA) are expected as the promising BAA approaches to suppress unknown interference which is extensively caused due to the small cell densification and spectrum superposing between a plurality of wireless communication systems. These BAA algorithms basically require an input SIR to be larger than 0 dB to suppress interference by capturing the desired signal appropriately. The proposed scheme applies TISS to the transmission signal for the desired user and then de-spreads it at the receiver side. It Gaussianizes statistical inherence of the interference signals and can bring beneficial effects;reducing the kurtosis for ICA as well as collapsing the constant envelope properties for CMA. Such intentional modification to the interference signals can improve the capture performance of the desired signal and realize its effective identification even at SIR < 0 dB. Its fundamental effectiveness is presented through various perspectives such as input SIR, symbol amount, and modulation orders.

关键词： Interference suppression Adaptive arrays Time-domain analysis Wireless sensor networks Quadrature amplitude modulation Proposals Independent component analysis Adaptive arrays blind source separation independent component analysis constant modulus algorithm Gaussianization time-domain inter-symbol spreading

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Stabilised blind interference suppression of constant modulus-based adaptive array over Rayleigh fading channels by initial antenna selection

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IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION 2019年第11期13卷 1876-1882页

作者： Maruta, Kazuki Ahn, Chang-Jun Chiba Univ Grad Sch Engn Chiba Japan

This article proposes an initial antenna selection for constant modulus-based blind interference suppression algorithms to stabilise their prominent interference suppression performance. constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is a well-known blind adaptive array scheme, but it cannot suppress the interference when signal-to-interference power ratio (SIR) is <0 dB. It faces strong limits on their applicable region over Rayleigh fading channels where instantaneous channel gain fluctuates over 10 dB range. Even if the expected desired signal strength is larger than interference, CMA may still miscapture the interference and incorrectly suppress the desired signal. The authors' proposal is simplified approach to select the antenna element whose reception power is maximal. Certain antenna element can be expected to capture the desired signal precisely under the condition where SIR is statistically positive, so that the CMA processor can utilise it as an initial input. This condition will be ensured by increasing antenna element number, supported by the trends that base station antenna elements are going massive. Computer simulations verifies improved interference suppression performance provided by the proposed scheme. This article also verified applicability for multi-modulus algorithm to accommodate M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) use.

关键词： Rayleigh channels radiofrequency interference quadrature amplitude modulation interference suppression adaptive antenna arrays radio reception initial antenna selection constant modulus-based blind interference suppression algorithms constant modulus algorithm CMA signal-to-interference power ratio Rayleigh fading channels base station antenna elements multimodulus algorithm stabilised blind interference suppression interference suppression performance instantaneous channel gain fluctuation constant modulus-based adaptive array scheme SIR M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation QAM

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Design of Polynomial Function based Blind Equalizer using Particle Swarm Optimization 6

Design of Polynomial Function based Blind Equalizer using Pa...

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6th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (IEEE WiSPNET)

作者： Pydi, Sunil Kumar Majumder, Saikat Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Raipur Madhya Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665440868

In this paper, we propose a new particle swarm optimization (PSO) based training algorithm for the blind adaptive equalizer which uses polynomial cost function. The proposed blind equalizer with polynomial cost function trained with PSO (BEPC-PSO) is different from the conventional algorithm of constant modulus which is based on the modulus of symbols and is unable to recover the carrier phase. In contrast, BEPC-PSO can achieve automatic carrier phase recovery along with significantly improved performance. Simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the BEPC-PSO on the finite impulse response (FIR) voice band channel. Compared with the other blind equalizers the BEPC-PSO produces a better convergence rate and a much lower inter-symbol interference (ISI) is achieved, resulting in a significant increase in the efficiency of equalization

关键词： Blind equalizer Polynomial cost constant modulus algorithm Particle swarm optimization Carrier phase recovery

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Study on Variable Step Size Blind Equalization algorithm Based on CMA 22

Study on Variable Step Size Blind Equalization Algorithm Bas...

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Proceedings of the 2022 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition

作者： Mingyu Yang Dongming Xu Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450396899

The inter-symbol interference caused by channel distortion in the communication process seriously affects the communication quality, and this problem is often solved by equalization technology. The principle of the traditional blind equalization constant modulus algorithm (CMA) with fixed step is introduced, and the problem of fast convergence speed and small steady-state error is analyzed by simulation. In order to solve this problem, a blind equalization algorithm with variable step size based on CMA is proposed. In order to solve the problem of fast convergence speed and small steady-state error, the CMA algorithm is improved and the principle of the improved algorithm is described, and the influence of the step on the performance of the algorithm is analyzed. Finally, the simulation experiment proves that the improved algorithm can speed up the convergence speed and keep a small steady-state error at the same time.

关键词： constant modulus algorithm Convergence speed Equalization technology Inter-symbol interference Steady-state error Variable step size

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Development of blind algorithm with automatic gain control

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WIRELESS NETWORKS 2020年第4期26卷 2413-2422页

作者： Yasin, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Junaid Natl Univ Sci & Technol Islamabad Pakistan

In this paper, the concept of blind algorithm with automatic gain control (AGC) is introduced in adaptive antenna system for signal optimization with an aim to estimate the desired response in adaptive fashion. Blind algorithm with AGC is a hybrid two-stage adaptive filtering algorithm;sequentially combining constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and Bessel least mean square (BLMS) algorithm. Blind Bessel beamformer with AGC does not require external reference signal to update its weight vectors and step size for convergence but updates itself from own reference signal obtained from the output of CMA. Similarly, step size is obtained from the correlation matrix which is the product of the signals induced in array elements of antenna. BLMS is the modified version of LMS algorithm;based on the non-uniform step size exploiting the asymptotic decay property of Bessel function of the first kind. The output of CMA provides input and reference signals for BLMS that makes it blind. The contributions of this paper include the development of novel blind theory concept and presentation of an AGC method in order to make the Bessel beamformer blind which can update itself electronically through the correlation matrix depending on the signal array vector with the aim to make the signal power constant.

关键词： Blind Bessel beamformer constant modulus algorithm Smart antenna Beamforming

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Dynamically Partitioned Hierarchical constant modulus algorithm for Variable Delay Spread Channels

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第2期62卷 395-410页

作者： Woo, Tai-Kuo Natl Def Univ Dept Informat Management Taipei Taiwan

The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) adopts the constant modulus (CM) criterion to minimize the deviation of the equalizer output from a fixed value. However it has two drawbacks: (1) slow rate of convergence (2) the likelihood of getting trapped in a local minimum. The problem gets even worse when the channel delay spread varies rapidly as the filter length cannot match the delay spread. If the filter length is significantly longer than the delay spread, the convergence rate can be slow. In this paper, we improve the performance of the standard CMA by using a dynamically partitioned hierarchical structure to organize the taps of a filter. The filter length is dynamically partitioned according to the delay spread such that they are tightly matched. Preferably, the length of a sub-filter is slightly longer than the delay spread of the channel. The performance evaluation is divided into two parts. In Part I, we do simulation runs for both the cost functions and cost surfaces comparing the standard CMA, where the filter length is significantly longer than the delay spread, and the dynamically partitioned CMA, where the filter length matches the delay spread. In Part II, an analysis is provided to show that the proposed partitioned scheme can speed up the convergence rate and reduce the cost function.

关键词： Adaptive filtering CMA constant modulus algorithm Hierarchical filtering

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A Supervised constant modulus algorithm for Blind Equalization

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第1期62卷 151-166页

作者： Ozen, A. Kaya, I. Soysal, B. Karadeniz Tech Univ DSP LAB Dept Elect & Elect Engn Trabzon Turkey Ataturk Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Erzurum Turkey

Blind equalization is a technique for adaptive equalization of a communication channel without the aid of the usual training sequence. Although the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is one of the most popular adaptive blind equalization algorithms, it suffers from slow convergence rate. A novel enhanced blind equalization technique based on a supervised CMA (S-CMA) is proposed in this paper. The technique is employed to initialize the coefficients of a linear transversal equalizer (LTE) filter in order to provide a fast startup for blind training. It also presents a computational study and simulation results of this newly proposed algorithm compared to other CMA techniques such as conventional CMA, Normalized CMA (N-CMA) and Modified CMA (M-CMA). The simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm has considerably better performance than others.

关键词： Blind channel equalization constant modulus algorithm Supervised-CMA Adaptive blind training

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CMA Based Blind Equalization for GFDM Systems 6

CMA Based Blind Equalization for GFDM Systems

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6th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT)

作者： Hamid, Effrina Yanti Averly, Muhammad Reza Rahardi, Rama Mahardika, Dewa Inst Teknol Bandung Sch Elect Engn & Informat Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781728175966

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175966

Blind channel equalization for GFDM systems based on a constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is proposed in this paper. The system implements CMA together with a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) that enables the realization of blind equalizer which is comparable to pilot based system. Two performance parameters are used to evaluate the equalizer, first is the symbol error rate (SER) and second is the mean squared error (MSE). The obtained results from simulation show that the performance of the proposed system is better than that of pilot-based system. The result also indicates that its performace closely matches to the ideal estimation and equalization of the channel.

关键词： blind channel equalization constant modulus algorithm GFDM system

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A Comparative Performance Analysis of Blind Equalization algorithms in Single Carrier Visible Light Communications 43

A Comparative Performance Analysis of Blind Equalization Alg...

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43rd International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP)

作者： Yasar, Sabiha Sinop, Hayriye Tek, Yusuf Islam Tuna, Elif Busra Karaerik, Kudret Avci, Busra Aykiri, Gazihan Ozen, Ali Nub Naci Yazgan Univ HARGEM Dept Elect & Elect Engn Kayseri Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163765

It is very important to estimate and equalize the multipath optical channel blindly in visible light communication (VLC) systems. It is recommended that it is used constant modulus algorithm (CMA), modified CMA (M-CMA) and normalized CMA (N-CMA) algorithms, which are among the most commonly used blind equalization algorithms to eliminate inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by a multipath optical channel in a closed environment in this paper. Computer simulations and comparative performance analysis of the algorithms mentioned above are performed over the Mean Square Error (MSE) and ISI performance metrics in stationary and non-stationary environment. It is observed that the best performances are obtained with M-CMA algorithm in MSE comparisons and the best performances are obtained with N-CMA algorithm in ISI comparisons from the computer simulation results.

关键词： visible light communications multipath optical channel blind equalization constant modulus algorithm channel tracking

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