In this letter, we propose a blind adaptation method for the decision feedback equalizer (DFE). In the proposed scheme, a DFE is divided into two parts: a front-end linear equalizer (LE), and a prediction error filter...
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In this letter, we propose a blind adaptation method for the decision feedback equalizer (DFE). In the proposed scheme, a DFE is divided into two parts: a front-end linear equalizer (LE), and a prediction error filter (PEF) followed by a feedback part. The coefficients of the filters in each part are updated using constant modulus algorithm and decision feedback prediction algorithm, respectively. The front-end LE removes intersymbol interference ISI, and the PEF with feedback part whitens the noise to reduce noise power enhanced by the LE. Pre-processing by the LE enables the DFE to equalize nonminimum phase channels. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides reliable convergence, and the resulting symbol error rate is much less than that of the conventional LE and very close to that of the DFE using a training sequence.
It is well known that the famous constant modulus algorithm(CMA) presents a large steady-state Mean square error(MSE) for nonconstantmodulus signals. In this paper a coordinate mapping approach for a4-PAM nonconstant...
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It is well known that the famous constant modulus algorithm(CMA) presents a large steady-state Mean square error(MSE) for nonconstantmodulus signals. In this paper a coordinate mapping approach for a4-PAM nonconstantmodulus signal is described which can change the signal to an Offset QPSK(OQPSK) constantmodulus signal. And a new algorithm based on this approach is proposed which is also suitable for a 16-QAM signal. For the 4-PAM and 16-QAM nonconstantmodulus signals the proposed algorithm can achieve a zero steadystate MSE in a noiseless environment but CMA *** analysis and simulations results demonstrate the high performance of the proposed algorithm.
A novel multitarget constantmodulus array structure is proposed for CDMA systems in this paper. The new algorithm for the structure is called pre- despreading and wavelet denoising constant modulu
A novel multitarget constantmodulus array structure is proposed for CDMA systems in this paper. The new algorithm for the structure is called pre- despreading and wavelet denoising constant modulu
An improved constant modulus algorithm (CMA) for dispersion compensation in 100 Gbps Dual Polarization-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) optical signal transmission system is proposed to achieve better reliabili...
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An improved constant modulus algorithm (CMA) for dispersion compensation in 100 Gbps Dual Polarization-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) optical signal transmission system is proposed to achieve better reliability receiving performances. In the receiver, we combine variable step size and Mean-Square Error (MSE) to improve the conventional CMA. Compared to conventional CMA, the proposed algorithm has a better performance in adapting the time varying channel and the strong noise. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence rate than the previous one. Simulation results show that the improved CMA can achieve the dispersion and polarization demultiplexing of 100 Gbps DP-QPSK optical signal transmission system efficiently. (C) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Spectrally-efficient optical communications systems employ polarization division multiplexing (PDM) as a practical solution, in order to double the capacity of a fiber link. Polarization demultiplexing can be performe...
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Spectrally-efficient optical communications systems employ polarization division multiplexing (PDM) as a practical solution, in order to double the capacity of a fiber link. Polarization demultiplexing can be performed electronically, using polarization-diversity coherent optical receivers. The primary goal of this paper is the optimal design, using the maximum-likelihood criterion, of polarization-diversity coherent optical receivers for polarization-multiplexed optical signals, in the absence of polarization mode dispersion (PMD). It is shown that simultaneous joint estimation of the symbols, over the two received states of polarization, yields optimal performance, in the absence of phase noise and intermediate frequency offset. In contrast, the commonly used zero-forcing polarization demultiplexer, followed by individual demodulation of the polarization-multiplexed tributaries, exhibits inferior performance, and becomes optimal only if the channel transfer matrix is unitary, e. g., in the absence of polarization dependent loss (PDL), and if the noise components at the polarization diversity branches have equal variances. In this special case, the zero-forcing polarization demultiplexer can be implemented by a 2 2 lattice adaptive filter, which is controlled by only two independent real parameters. These parameters can be computed recursively using the constant modulus algorithm (CMA). We evaluate, by simulation, the performance of the aforementioned zero-forcing polarization demultiplexer in coherent optical communication systems using PDM quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals. We show that it is, by far, superior, in terms of convergence accuracy and speed, compared to conventional CMA-based polarization demultiplexers. Finally, we experimentally test the robustness of the proposed constrained CMA polarization demultiplexer to realistic imperfections of polarization-diversity coherent optical receivers. The PMD and PDL tolerance of the proposed demultiple
The performance of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) with the steepest descent method used in an adaptive array of monopole antennas mounted on a rectangular conducting plate was investigated. The mutual coupling (...
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The performance of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) with the steepest descent method used in an adaptive array of monopole antennas mounted on a rectangular conducting plate was investigated. The mutual coupling (MC) effect among the array elements and the diffraction effect caused by the conducting plate were taken into account in the calculation by a hybrid method of moment method (MRI) and geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD). Simulations showed that the CMA adaptive array performs differently when the MC and the diffraction effects are taken into account. In some cases, the speed of convergence is slower with MC, and in other cases it is faster. Also, in multipath scenarios the array sometimes converges on a weaker delayed ray rather than the direct ray when MC is included. The capture property is explained by the fact that the CMA algorithm is sensitive to initial conditions and the initial array pattern is directional due to MC-not omnidirectional as in the ideal case. The performance of the array on a finite ground plane is different from that on an infinite ground plane due to diffraction effects.
To improve the performance of the blind equalizer (BE) in impulsive noise environments, a robust maximum likelihood algorithm (RMLA) is proposed for the communication systems using quadrature amplitude modulation sign...
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To improve the performance of the blind equalizer (BE) in impulsive noise environments, a robust maximum likelihood algorithm (RMLA) is proposed for the communication systems using quadrature amplitude modulation signals. A novel robust maximum likelihood cost function based on the constant modulus algorithm is constructed to effectively suppress the influence of impulsive noise and ensure the computational stability. Theoretical analysis is presented to illustrate the robustness and good computational stability of the proposed algorithm under the impulsive noise ambient. Moreover, it is proved that the weight vector of the proposed BE can converge stably by LaSalle invariance principle. Simulation results are provided to further confirm the robustness and stability of the proposed RMLA.
In this paper, we analyze the effectiveness of polarization tracking algorithms in optical transmission systems suffering from fast state of polarization (SOP) rotations and polarization-dependent loss (PDL). While mo...
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In this paper, we analyze the effectiveness of polarization tracking algorithms in optical transmission systems suffering from fast state of polarization (SOP) rotations and polarization-dependent loss (PDL). While most of the gradient descent (GD)-based algorithms in the literature may require step size adjustment when the channel condition changes, we propose tracking algorithms that can perform similarly or better without parameter tuning. Numerical simulation results show higher robustness of the proposed algorithms to SOP and PDL drift compared to GD-based algorithms, making them promising candidates to be used in aerial fiber links where the SOP can potentially drift rapidly, and therefore becomes challenging to track.
The problems generated by the interference will be more complicated in the future. A combination of adaptive array and equalizer has been employed to solve the problems of interference when an adaptive array alone can...
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The problems generated by the interference will be more complicated in the future. A combination of adaptive array and equalizer has been employed to solve the problems of interference when an adaptive array alone cannot suppress all the interferences. A constant modules algorithm (CMA) of the combination system was proposed to solve the problems of insufficient degrees of freedom and main-beam multipath interference when no training signal is transmitted. The limitation of the CMA for combination systems is due to its slow rate of convergence. In this paper, an orthogonalized blind algorithm for hybrid of array and equalizer (OBHAE) is proposed to combat the problems of the interference. Because the modified input vector of the adaptive array is orthogonalized by the OBHAE in advance, the convergent rate of the CMA system can be improved by the OBHAE. When the coherent interference presents, the performance of the system will be degraded. In this paper, an orthogonalized spatial smoothing blind (OSSB) algorithm is proposed to further enhance the cancellation of the coherent interference. In the OSSB, we combine the OBHAE with the spatial smoothing method to combat the coherent interference problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the merits of the OBHAE and the OSSB. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general framework for convergence analysis of finite-dimensional blind adaptation algorithms of Bussgang type is presented. The approach allows discrete symbol sets and can be used for analysis of systems with both ...
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A general framework for convergence analysis of finite-dimensional blind adaptation algorithms of Bussgang type is presented. The approach allows discrete symbol sets and can be used for analysis of systems with both poles and zeros. The main tool of analysis is an associated differential equation whose stability properties are proved to be tied to the convergence properties of a general blind stochastic approximation algorithm. The recently highlighted ill-convergence problem of for example the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is then addressed. The problem is partially solved using new blind adaptation algorithms which are not derived by criterion minimization. Instead, the averaged updating directions of the suggested stochastic gradient schemes are designed to guarantee global stability of the associated differential equations. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
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