Introduction: Nocturnal glucose control remains challenging in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes due to highly variable overnight insulin requirements. The issue may be addressed by glucose responsive insu...
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Introduction: Nocturnal glucose control remains challenging in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes due to highly variable overnight insulin requirements. The issue may be addressed by glucose responsive insulin delivery based on real-time continuous glucose measurements. Areas covered: This review outlines recent developments of glucose responsive insulin delivery systems from a paediatric perspective. We cover threshold-based suspend application, predictive low glucose suspend, and more advanced single hormone and dual-hormone closed-loop systems. Approaches are evaluated in relation to nocturnal glucose control particularly during outpatient randomised controlled trials. Expert opinion: Significant progress translating research from controlled clinical centre settings to free-living unsupervised home studies have been achieved over the past decade. Nocturnal glycaemic control can be improved whilst reducing the risk of hypoglycaemia with closed-loop systems. Following the US regulatory approval of the first hybrid closed-loop system in non-paediatric population, large multinational closed-loop clinical trials and pivotal studies including paediatric populations are underway or in preparation to facilitate the use of closed-loop systems in clinical practice.
The development of power engineering leads to the growing need for flexible systems allowing control of electrical grid modes, transients and increase the efficiency of power systems. In the last decade the most rapid...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509000586
The development of power engineering leads to the growing need for flexible systems allowing control of electrical grid modes, transients and increase the efficiency of power systems. In the last decade the most rapidly developing group of controlled devices, which use magnetization characteristic of electrotechnical steel for power control, are magnetically controlled shunt reactors and sources of reactive power based on controlled reactors. Due to the control principle used in these devices, as well as in other types of FACTS, they produce current harmonics. The paper presents two developed reactor control algorithms that reduce its negative impact on the voltage waveform distortion in the nodes of electrical grid.
To reduce the effect of the time delay on the operation of an adaptive system treated as a dynamic feedback system, the present-day approach to the correction of turbulent distortions of optical radiation supposes app...
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To reduce the effect of the time delay on the operation of an adaptive system treated as a dynamic feedback system, the present-day approach to the correction of turbulent distortions of optical radiation supposes application of new control algorithms for the correcting mirror on the basis of forecasting phase distortions. Results of the numerical simulation are presented.
This study presents a control structure, based on model predictive control, applied to energy management optimisation in a sugar cane processing plant including renewable sources. The proposed energy plant is set upon...
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This study presents a control structure, based on model predictive control, applied to energy management optimisation in a sugar cane processing plant including renewable sources. The proposed energy plant is set upon a sugar cane processing industry and has to produce and maintain an amount of electric power throughout the year, defined by contract. This plant is, also, bound to produce flows of steam in different pressures, to comply to the demands of the production process of ethanol and sugar, from the sugar cane. The renewable sources in the system include photovoltaic, wind power generation and the use of biomass, from the remains of the sugar cane. The proposed control algorithm has the task of performing the management of which energy system to use (combined heat and power generation systems, boilers or others), maximise the use of renewable energy sources, maximise the gains of the boilers (that vary according to the biomass mixture used), manage the use of energy storages and supply the defined amount of energy. Simulation results show the satisfactory operation of the proposed control structure.
The analysis of a standard flowchart for a mobile robot digital control is performed. It is shown that the controller is a unit which introduces time disturbances in the process of control. A typical control algorithm...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538619377
The analysis of a standard flowchart for a mobile robot digital control is performed. It is shown that the controller is a unit which introduces time disturbances in the process of control. A typical control algorithm and its model based on the semi-Markov process theory are worked out. The dependencies for evaluation of walk time through the states of an ergodic semi-Markov process are obtained. The reducibility of the semi-Markov process into the Markov process with a continual time is shown. The theoretical results are confirmed by simulation with use of the Monte-Carlo method.
The thermal error of the motorized spindle has great influence on the accuracy of the NC machine tools. In order to reduce the thermal error, the increase type PID control algorithm is adopted for the control system w...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783662479261;9783662479254
The thermal error of the motorized spindle has great influence on the accuracy of the NC machine tools. In order to reduce the thermal error, the increase type PID control algorithm is adopted for the control system which can make the temperature controlled in reasonable range. In accordance with the control object features, the Application of the control algorithm is realized in MCU System. Finally, the experiments are carried out which verified the validity and effectiveness of the design of temperature control system by analysis of the experimental data.
As the number of long-span bridges is increasing worldwide, maintaining their structural integrity and safety become an important issue. Because the stay cable is a critical member in most long-span bridges and vulner...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510608221
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510608221
As the number of long-span bridges is increasing worldwide, maintaining their structural integrity and safety become an important issue. Because the stay cable is a critical member in most long-span bridges and vulnerable to wind-induced vibrations, vibration mitigation has been of interest both in academia and practice. While active and semi-active control schemes are known to be quite effective in vibration reduction compared to the passive control, requirements for equipment including data acquisition, control devices, and power supply prevent a widespread adoption in real-world applications. This study develops an integrated system for vibration control of stay-cables using wireless sensors implementing a semi-active control. Arduino, a low-cost single board system, is employed with a MEMS digital accelerometer and a Zigbee wireless communication module to build the wireless sensor. The magneto-rheological (MR) damper is selected as a damping device, controlled by an optimal control algorithm implemented on the Arduino sensing system. The developed integrated system is tested in a laboratory environment using a cable to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system on vibration reduction. The proposed system is shown to reduce the vibration of stay-cables with low operating power effectively.
this paper proposes a real time emulator for Photovoltaic Generator (PVG), permitting easy experimentation, for control and diagnosis algorithms tests. The DS1104 platform is utilized in order to implement the model d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509039609
this paper proposes a real time emulator for Photovoltaic Generator (PVG), permitting easy experimentation, for control and diagnosis algorithms tests. The DS1104 platform is utilized in order to implement the model developed in Matlab/Simulink software. The APS1102A Programmable DC/AC Power Source is utilized to emulate the current-voltage characteristics of the PVG model implemented in the DS1104 platform. The proposed emulator is tested and validated by considering real conditions variations (namely, temperature and irradiance), and as well as, by injecting some frequently occurring PVG faults. The PVG emulator proposed shows a perfect reproduction of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, and can easily handle control and diagnostic algorithms.
This paper presents the performance analysis of conventional and digital pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme for speed control of electronically commuted trapezoidal Brushless dc (BLDC) motor. Both these metho...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538621387
This paper presents the performance analysis of conventional and digital pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme for speed control of electronically commuted trapezoidal Brushless dc (BLDC) motor. Both these methods follow the PWM speed control strategy, only difference is in the controller part. One drive system consist of conventional PI controller and the other have digital controller. This paper includes discussion on the implementation of both the techniques and their performances are compared. Co- simulation of closed loop control systems are modeled by using Xilinx Integrated Software Environment (ISE) simulator and MATLAB/Simulink. Experimental test setup is carried out using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Simulation results and effectiveness of the methods are proved and validated by experimental results. The results of the two techniques are compared and conclusions are made.
The paper discusses the conditions for diagnosis of combustion process using additional signals from non-invasive optical methods. This approach allows to obtain additional information about the ongoing process in an ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781138031630
The paper discusses the conditions for diagnosis of combustion process using additional signals from non-invasive optical methods. This approach allows to obtain additional information about the ongoing process in an non-invasive way. The radiation emitted by the flame is a reflection of the chemical and physical reactions, occurring in the combustion process. The changes of the flame position in space results in shape fluctuations that can be interpreted as disruption of the balance results. The authors assumed that under certain conditions the shape of the flame can be an important indicator. Considering adequate emission flame spectrum, it is possible to determine the content appropriate process parameters. The optical methods based control seems to be particularly important for effective combustion and co-combustion, considering both economical and ecological factors in sense of industrial ecology.
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