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Formal design methodology for transforming ladder diagram to Petri nets

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2014年第5-8期73卷 821-836页

作者： Quezada, J. C. Medina, J. Flores, E. Seck Tuoh, J. C. Hernandez, N. Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo Escuela Super Tizayuca Tizayuca Pachuca Mexico Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo Ctr Invest Avanzada Ingn Ind Tizayuca Pachuca Mexico

Ladder diagram (LD) is a common programming language at industry in order to develops control algorithms of discrete event systems. Besides, it is one of the five programming languages supported by the International Electrotechnical Commission through the IEC-61131-3 standard. Petri net (PN) theory is both a graphical and mathematical tool, which allows modeling discrete event systems in order to obtain a useful formalization to analyze them in a better way. LD control algorithms are continuously developed based on the experience of control system developers. Therefore, it is still a relevant problem on how to formalize a validation for the current and new control algorithms. In the present work, an element-to-element transformation methodology from a LD program to a PN structure is proposed. The original part of this manuscript is the proposal of five PN structures where their markings represent the states and dynamic behavior of energized and de-energized coils, which are not included in previous works. Furthermore, this methodology preserves the structural and dynamical behavior of the LD in the obtained PN. Two control algorithms of real cases are transformed using the proposed methodology.

关键词： control algorithms Ladder diagrams Petri nets Discrete event systems

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The State-of-the-art of Application on Nonlinear control algorithms Based on Smart Dampers

The State-of-the-art of Application on Nonlinear Control Alg...

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2010 The 3rd International Conference on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System (PEITS 2010)

作者： Jianjun Liu,Kuanjun Zhu Division of Engineering Mechanics China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100055,China

One challenge in the use of semi-active technology is in developing nonlinear control algorithms that are appropriate for implementation in full-scale *** on the basic characteristics of magnetorheological(MR) damper,the structural control algorithms are *** nonlinear control algorithms are systematically reviewed from the aspects including clipped optimal control,LQR control, and Lyapunov stability ***,the existed problem in application and the future developing in research on the structural control algorithms are summarized respectively.

关键词： MR damper control algorithms nonlinear

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Developments in Direct-Field Acoustic Testing

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SOUND AND VIBRATION 2014年第11期48卷 6-10页

作者： Larkin, Paul Maryland Sound Int Baltimore MD 21207 USA

Direct-field acoustic testing (DFAT (R)) has been developing to include new control schemes, hardware geometry and setup parameters in an effort to improve sound pressure uniformity. In addition, research is being conducted into the modeling and control of standing waves created by either room geometry or wave interference patterns in the DFAT sound field. control schemes that use additional microphones or accelerometers in conjunction with nonsymmetry in the geometry of the setup to reduce the magnitude of standing waves is discussed. It will also be shown how control microphone placement and the type of control scheme can also heavily influence the creation of standing waves.

关键词： Military aircraft Costs control theory controllers control algorithms Random vibration

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VIBRATION OF MICRO-SCALE STRUCTURES: ACCURATE SPH APPROACH AND SIMPLIFIED GENERALIZED KELVIN MODEL

VIBRATION OF MICRO-SCALE STRUCTURES: ACCURATE SPH APPROACH A...

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ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC)

作者： Cramer, Nick Teodorescu, M. UC Santa Cruz Baskin Sch Engn Sch Engn Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780791846353

Recent advances in polymer technology together with the growing need of smaller and lighter electronic components and biomedical equipment led to the development of new applications of polymers at micro scale. However, unlike traditional materials (e.g., metal silicon), polymers exhibit a significant time dependency in their response to load (e.g., viscoelastic, hyperelastic). Therefore, predicting the behavior of such polymer components at small scale requires accurate simulations of the effects of creep and relaxation within the systems. The current study uses a mesh-free particle method (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) to predict time-dependent mechanical response of polymers. As a first step towards investigating the response of a polymer microstructure under load, we simulate the behavior of a slender polymer rod compressed and tangentially dragged against a smooth glass surface. It is shown that although accurate prediction of polymer deformation cannot be achieved with a fully analytic model, a simplified generalized Kelvin model could calibrated to capture most of the characteristics of the fully numerical model. This cold be used for predicting the behavior under load of a passive subsystem of imbedded in a control algorithm to extend the measuring domain of a possible sensor or prevent potentially dangerous operating conditions.

关键词： Microscale devices Vibration Polymers Stress Particulate matter Computer simulation Simulation Relaxation (Physics) Hydrodynamics Deformation Creep Metals Glass Sensors Biomedical equipment Electronic components Engineering simulation Silicon control algorithms

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Influence of Software Effects on the Susceptibility of Ethernet Connections

Influence of Software Effects on the Susceptibility of Ether...

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IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

作者： Kreitlow, Matthias Garbe, Heyno Sabath, Frank NBC Protect Bundeswehr Res Inst Protect Technol D-29633 Munster Germany Inst Elect Engn & Measurement Technol D-30167 Hannover Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479955459

It is widely known that Ethernet networks are susceptible to high-power electromagnetics (HPEM). Even with electromagnetic disturbance levels below the threshold, at which a hardware failure of components can be observed, there are impacts on the data transmission between two computers. A typical effect on the application level is a decrease of the maximum data rate between two endpoints with a higher field strength until the transmission completely breaks down. To quantify the effect of electromagnetic disturbances it is necessary to distinguish between effects which are software-related due to control algorithms and applications behaviour on higher protocol layers, and hardware -related effects caused by physical interaction between the network components and the disturbance. This paper shows the results of a new measurement method compared to classical tests using a FTP data transmission.

关键词： data communication electromagnetic fields electromagnetic interference local area networks protocols Ethernet networks HPEM control algorithms data transmission electromagnetic disturbance hardware failure hardware-related effects high-power electromagnetics measurement method network components network disturbance physical interaction protocol layers software-related effects Computers Data communication Electromagnetic compatibility Electromagnetics Protocols Servers Software Electromagnetic interference data communication Ethernet networks Electromagnetic fields protocol layer Network components Hardware Failure data transmission protocols Computer algorithms Electromagnetism Local Area Networks electromagnetic compatibility computer software Servers

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Design and Validation of a Centimeter-Scale Robot Collective

Design and Validation of a Centimeter-Scale Robot Collective

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)

作者： Laird, Damien Raptis, Ioannis A. Price, Jack Univ Massachusetts Dept Mech Engn Lowell MA 01854 USA Univ Massachusetts Dept Elect & Comp Engn Lowell MA 01854 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479938407

Though many advances have been made in the field of multi-agent robotic swarms, most results are limited to computer simulations instead of actual implantation to a robotic system. A primary factor limiting the development, testing, and validation of decentralized algorithms for large-scale multi-robot teams is the high cost of the available systems. A low budget but highly flexible platform could create a foundation that would allow researchers to evaluate their control algorithms under real world constraints. This paper presents Spider-Bots, a low cost and versatile platform for testing and validating control algorithms for multi-robot swarms. The system is consisted of centimeter-scale mobile robots that can communicate wirelessly and interact with their environment, along with simple and easy to use software libraries. Once completed, the platform was validated by executing three distinct algorithms: Waypoint navigation, object manipulation, and collision avoidance.

关键词： collision avoidance control engineering computing multi-robot systems Spider-Bots platform centimeter-scale robot collective control algorithms decentralized algorithm large-scale multi-robot teams multi-agent robotic swarm object manipulation software libraries waypoint navigation Collision avoidance Educational institutions Robot kinematics Software algorithms Testing Vehicles

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Powered Transtibial Prosthetic Device control System Design, Implementation, and Bench Testing

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2014年第1期8卷 011004-011004页

作者： Sun, Jinming Voglewede, Philip A. Marquette Univ Dept Mech Engn Milwaukee WI 53233 USA

This article outlines the controller design for a specific active transtibial prosthesis. The controller governs the power output of a DC motor attached to a four-bar mechanism and torsional spring. Active power reinforcement is used to assist the push off at later stages of the stance phase and achieve ground clearance during the swing phase. A two level control algorithm which includes a higher level finite state controller and lower level proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers is applied. To implement this control algorithm, a digital signal processor (DSP) control board was used to realize the higher level control and an off-the-shelf motor controller was used to realize the lower level PID control. Sensors were selected to provide the desired feedback. A dynamic simulation was performed to obtain the proper PID parameters which were then utilized in a bench test to verify the approach.

关键词： control systems control equipment Engines Design Prostheses Testing Sensors Simulation Springs control algorithms

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Stochastic Processes in a Grid-Connected Three-Phase Photovoltaic System

Stochastic Processes in a Grid-Connected Three-Phase Photovo...

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IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)

作者： Ajala, Olaoluwapo Sauer, Peter IEEE United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479948819

With appropriate control algorithms, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems can provide real and reactive power to meet power system needs. However, the intermittency of solar irradiance and the stochastic nature of reactive power demand affect the dynamic performance of these systems. This paper presents a method for stochastic modeling and simulation of grid-connected three-phase photovoltaic systems. The state variables of concern are the real and reactive power delivered to the grid, and the line currents. The objective of this work is to model the statistics of the reactive power demand as a linear stochastic differential equation driven by a wiener process, model the solar irradiance and temperature as random variables, develop a dynamic performance stochastic model of the entire system, and ascertain the time evolution of the first and second moments of the state variables.

关键词： differential equations photovoltaic power systems power grids reactive power stochastic processes PV systems Wiener process control algorithms dynamic performance stochastic model grid-connected three-phase photovoltaic system grid-connected three-phase photovoltaic systems line currents linear stochastic differential equation random variables reactive power solar irradiance intermittency state variables stochastic modeling stochastic processes Arrays Equations IP networks Inverters Mathematical model Reactive power Stochastic processes

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Design and Implementation of Constant Wind Speed Turbine Emulator Using Matlab/Simulink and FPGA

Design and Implementation of Constant Wind Speed Turbine Emu...

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9th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)

作者： Moussa, Intissar Bouallegue, Adel Khedher, Adel Univ Sfax Renewable Energy & Elect Vehicles Lab ENIS Sfax Tunisia Univ Sousse SAGE Lab Adv Syst Elect Engn ENISO Riadh City 4023 Sousse Tunisia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479937875

In this paper we present the interests of the hardware implementation of control algorithms for constant wind speed turbine emulator based on DC-Machine. This system includes wind speed profile, mathematical model of a horizontal axis wind turbine, a separately excited DC-Machine and a fourth quadrant chopper. Modeling, simulation and implementation are realized in Matlab/Simulink environments. Unlike other works developed in this regards and through the tool XSG, algorithms will be implemented directly on FPGA. The features of this emulator are presented. Moreover, simulation results are analyzed and discussed using Simulink and XSG showing the benefits of our application.

关键词： control algorithms control regulators PI DC machine implementation on FPGA wind energy conversion systems wind turbine emulator

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Research on Swing up control Based on Energy for the Pendubot System

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JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND control-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2014年第4期136卷 041018-041018页

作者： Ordaz, Patricio Espinoza, Eduardo S. Munoz, Filiberto Polytech Univ Pachuca Robot & Adv Elect Res Lab Pachuca 43830 Hidalgo Mexico

In this paper, we present a class of nonlinear control scheme for swinging up and stabilization of an underactuated two-link robot called as Pendubot. The main objective of this paper is to present a switched control that swing up and stabilize for almost all combination of initial states given on the four equilibrium points of the double underactuated pendulum. The proposed methodology is based on two control strategies to swing up and stabilize the Pendubot system. The first one is based on Lagrangian dynamics, energy analysis, and stability theory, while the second one is based on linear quadratic regulator. Moreover, here we present a stability analysis of the switched control algorithm. In order to verify the proposed control strategy, experimental results were performed.

关键词： Dynamics (Mechanics) Stability Equilibrium (Physics) Pendulums control algorithms Robots algorithms

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