Three optimal control algorithms are proposed for reducing oscillations of flexible nonlinear structures subjected to general stochastic dynamic loads, such as earthquakes, waves, winds, etc. The optimal control force...
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Three optimal control algorithms are proposed for reducing oscillations of flexible nonlinear structures subjected to general stochastic dynamic loads, such as earthquakes, waves, winds, etc. The optimal control forces are determined analytically by minimizing a time-dependent quadratic performance index, and nonlinear equations of motion are solved using the Wilson-θ numerical procedures. The optimal control algorithms developed for applications to nonlinear structures are referred to as the instantaneous optimal control algorithms, including the instantaneous optimal open-loop control algorithm, instantaneous optimal closed-loop control algorithm, and instantaneous optimal closed-open-loop control algorithm. These optimal algorithms are computationally efficient and suitable for on-line implementation of active control systems to realistic nonlinear structures. Numerical examples are worked out to demonstrate the applications of these optimal control algorithms to nonlinear structures. In particular, control of structures undergoing inelastic deformations under strong earthquake excitations are illustrated. The advantage of using combined passive/active control systems is also demonstrated.
Magnetic journal bearings are coming into increasing use in industry today. They are primarily used to replace either rolling element or fluid film bearings in rotating machinery. The major advantages are elimination ...
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Magnetic journal bearings are coming into increasing use in industry today. They are primarily used to replace either rolling element or fluid film bearings in rotating machinery. The major advantages are elimination of oil systems and associated seals, expected very long life, very low power losses, and great potential for vibration reduction. Disadvantages include lack of field experience, unknown reliability over a long time, high cost (so far primarily due to the small quantity being made for a given application), and advanced automatic control design required. This paper discusses the design of a magnetic journal bearing with four electromagnets arranged radially around a shaft to fully support a rotor. Each electromagnetic is connected to a controlling electronics circuit which regulates the current to the magnet. For the measurements presented here, only the top magnet was tested and the shaft was not rotating. Thus a single control algorithm was isolated from other effects. This paper compares two control algorithms with differing circuit band widths of 1.2 kHz and 50 kHz. The wider bandwidth algorithm produced approximately a sixfold increase in magnetic bearing stiffness and a much greater stable operating region compared to the lower bandwidth algorithm. Overall, the calculated effective stiffness and damping coefficients were within 20 to 30 percent of the measured values.
This paper presents a multibody model of a passenger car and correlates the model with experimental data. Included in the model is a simple load-leveling control algorithm for controlling low frequency roll and pitch....
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This paper presents a multibody model of a passenger car and correlates the model with experimental data. Included in the model is a simple load-leveling control algorithm for controlling low frequency roll and pitch. The objectives of this paper are: to evaluate the effectiveness of vehicle modeling using a multibody dynamics program; to demonstrate multibody modeling techniques for complex suspension systems without the use of bushing models; and to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing control algorithms in multibody dynamics programs. The paper concludes that using multibody dynamics programs can be an effective method to model ride, handling, and braking of wheeled vehicles. The model presented in this paper shows good correlation in both the linear and nonlinear ranges for most maneuvers.
This paper describes the theoretical basis and application of a simulation package for electrical generation, transmission and distribution systems. The software provides an environment for the development and testing...
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This paper describes the theoretical basis and application of a simulation package for electrical generation, transmission and distribution systems. The software provides an environment for the development and testing of online analysis and control algorithms, and also has potential for application in operator training. Dynamic and algebraic models of power system elements are described which are appropriate for study time scales of up to one day. Numerical techniques are presented which obtain solutions with acceptable accuracy in real time for medium sized networks using minicomputer hardware. Typical results are given for a test network of 30 substations which illustrate the dynamic behaviour of the network under emergency conditions.
A system consisting of a flat-plate solar collector, two heat storage tanks, a heat pump, and all necessary minor components is considered. For each major component a bilinear mathematical model is developed. The syst...
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A system consisting of a flat-plate solar collector, two heat storage tanks, a heat pump, and all necessary minor components is considered. For each major component a bilinear mathematical model is developed. The system control problem is divided into steady-state and dynamic cases, and the optimal steady-state solution is found. Based on this result a suboptimal dynamic control algorithm is given and is shown to give locally stable and near optimal performance. Results of a simulation study, comparing seasonal performance of the suboptimal system with that of the conventionally-controlled system are given.
A computer-controlled vehicle that is part of a mobile nursing robot system is described. The vehicle applies a motion control strategy that attempts to avoid slippage and minimize position errors. A cross-coupling co...
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A computer-controlled vehicle that is part of a mobile nursing robot system is described. The vehicle applies a motion control strategy that attempts to avoid slippage and minimize position errors. A cross-coupling control algorithm that guarantees a zero steady-state orientation error (assuming no slippage) is proposed and a stability analysis of the control system is presented. Results of experiments performed on a prototype vehicle verify the theoretical analysis.
A nonlinear active vibration damper has been developed which uses a spatially distributed piezoelectric actuator, polyvinylidene flouride, to achieve active vibration control of a cantilever beam. The control algorith...
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A nonlinear active vibration damper has been developed which uses a spatially distributed piezoelectric actuator, polyvinylidene flouride, to achieve active vibration control of a cantilever beam. The control algorithm was derived using Lyapunov’s Second Method. All modes of the beam can be controlled simultaneously if the angular velocity of the tip of the beam is known. A simulation algorithm was developed to predict the effect of the control on the free decay of a single mode. A parameter study for the first mode was performed and compared to experimental results. The active damper has been tested successfully on two different scale structures.
The purpose of this paper is to present to the reader who is unfamiliar with fuzzy set theory the basic concepts in a straightforward manner. Thus a tutorial approach is adopted in the explanation of these concepts. A...
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The purpose of this paper is to present to the reader who is unfamiliar with fuzzy set theory the basic concepts in a straightforward manner. Thus a tutorial approach is adopted in the explanation of these concepts. After describing fuzzy sets, it is shown how fuzzy logic can be used to develop a fuzzy control algorithm by means of the fuzzy conditional statement. In order to unify the ideas that are presented, a detailed description of the development of a fuzzy controller is discussed. Computer simulation results are shown of the fuzzy controller with heading error and yaw rate as input and rudder demand as output activating the non-linear yaw dynamics of a ship during course-changing manoeuvres. For the simulation ship study, the model was derived from full-scale sea trials on a Royal Navy frigate.
An improved adaptive pressbrake control algorithm is described. The problem is to control the punch reversal position of the press so that the final unloaded angle of the bend remains unchanged in the presence of mate...
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