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Development of a Terminal control System with Variable Minimum Airflow Rate

ENERGIES 2012年第11期5卷 4643-4664页

作者： Cho, Young-Hum Kumoh Natl Inst Technol Sch Architecture Gumi 730701 Gyeongbuk South Korea

A constant minimum airflow rate is used in conventional Single Duct Variable Air Volume Terminal Box control sequences. This control sequence can cause occupant discomfort or use excessive energy under partial load conditions. If the minimum airflow rate is higher than required;terminal boxes will have significantly more simultaneous heating and cooling;and AHUs will consume more fan power. Buildings will have indoor air quality problems if the minimum airflow rate is less than required. Many engineers and researchers have investigated advanced variable air volume terminal box control algorithms without a system retrofit for thermal comfort;indoor air quality and energy savings. In this study a developed control system with variable minimum airflow rate for Single Duct Variable Air Volume Terminal Boxes was applied and validated using an actual building and evaluated for comfort;indoor air quality and energy consumption. The energy consumption and thermal performance of terminal boxes using the conventional and proposed control algorithms were compared.

关键词： terminal control system variable minimum airflow rate energy consumption thermal performance control algorithms

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Energy management with improved frequency sharing based control for battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy system in the presence of delay

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2020年第10期13卷 2019-2028页

作者： Joshi, Mahendra Chandra Samanta, Susovon Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Rourkela India

Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consists of different electrical storage devices with complementary characteristics to satisfy both the energy and power requirements of the load. This study presents an improved frequency sharing algorithm for battery/ultracapacitor (UC) HESS in the presence of delay. Time delay is inevitable with the digital implementation of control algorithms. Presence of delay deteriorates the transient response of the system by limiting the bandwidth of inner current loops. The DC-link voltage will settle only after settling of the slower loop, i.e. battery loop, hence the presence of delay will make the system response slower in conventional methods. However, the improved algorithm shares battery current loop error during transients with faster UC current loop and hence DC-link voltage settling becomes faster. Furthermore, for safe and efficient operation, an energy management algorithm (EMA) has been designed that ensures nominal UC voltage and other operational constraints as described in the study. To analyse the effect of UC voltage control loop on the operation of the DC-link voltage control loop during transients, UC voltage control loop with different bandwidths have been designed and tested. Microcontroller based implementation was done for experimental verification of the improved control algorithm and EMA.

关键词： battery powered vehicles electric current control voltage control energy management systems microcontrollers energy storage supercapacitors UC voltage control loop different bandwidths microcontroller based implementation improved control algorithm hybrid energy storage system consists different electrical storage devices complementary characteristics power requirements improved frequency sharing algorithm time delay control algorithms transient response inner current loops slower loop battery loop system response improved algorithm shares battery current loop error DC-link voltage settling energy management algorithm ensures nominal UC voltage DC-link voltage control loop

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A flexible architecture for telemanipulator control

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control ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2002年第11期10卷 1293-1299页

作者： Weber, A Breitwieser, H Benner, J Univ Karlsruhe Inst Mech Verfahrenstech & Mech D-76128 Karlsruhe Germany Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany

Many automation tasks require human intervention and guidance. A control system architecture combining work units and master units by software interfaces is described. OSCAR(1) is incorporated as a universal transform service. It is regarding dynamic properties of work units. Implementing the transform at the master site eases integration of new robot types. The dynamic behaviour when crossing singular points is compared with a closed form standard transform. The control system has also been applied in medical manipulator systems. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： telemanipulation distribution control control algorithms optimisation medical applications manual control

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Dynamic color control in multiprimary tunable LED lighting systems

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JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY 2019年第9期27卷 570-580页

作者： Murdoch, Michael J. Rochester Inst Technol Munsell Color Sci Lab 54 Lomb Mem Dr Rochester NY 14623 USA

Temporally dynamic tunable light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems offer multiple spectral degrees of freedom and enable the creation of composite light spectra with a wide range of perceptual characteristics. Connecting existing metrics and ongoing research, this paper introduces relevant measures of quality of light, color, and temporal performance characteristics, including color rendition, circadian stimulation potential, and temporal smoothness and speed. Multiprimary system models describing both colorimetric and spectral characteristics are explained, along with colorimetric-plus multiprimary intensity solutions that allow optimization of any of these quality of light characteristics in addition to ensuring a colorimetric match. Three commercial multiprimary LED systems are modeled to show examples of spectral solutions for different colorimetric-plus optimization goals, and their range of performance are discussed. The diversity of results shows both the need for usable optimization tools and the need for clear communication standards about quality of light when light sources are capable of much more than typical fixed-color lights.

关键词： circadian lighting color rendition control algorithms LED lighting spectral tuning

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Impact of Boundary Conditions on the Performance Enhancement of Advanced control Strategies for a Residential Building with a Heat Pump and PV System with Energy Storage

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ENERGIES 2020年第6期13卷 1413页

作者： Psimopoulos, Emmanouil Johari, Fatemeh Bales, Chris Widen, Joakim Dalarna Univ Energy Technol S-78170 Borlange Sweden Uppsala Univ Dept Engn Sci S-75121 Uppsala Sweden

Operational control strategies for the heating system of a single-family house with exhaust air heat pump and photovoltaic system and "smart" utilization of energy storage have been developed and evaluated in a simulation study. The main aim and novelty of this study is to evaluate the impact on the benefit of these advanced control strategies in terms of performance (energy use and economic) for a wide range of boundary conditions (country/climate, occupancy and appliance loads). Short-term weather data and historic price data for the same year as well as stochastic occupancy profiles that include the domestic hot water load are used as boundary for a parametric simulation study for the system modeled in detail in TRNSYS 17. Results show that the control using a forecast of dynamic electricity price leads to greater final energy savings than those due to the control using thermal storage for excess PV production in all of the examined locations except Sweden. The impact on self-consumption using thermal storage of heat produced by the heat pump using excess PV production is found to decrease linearly with increasing household electricity for all locations. A reduction in final energy of up to 842 kWh year(-1) can be achieved just by the use of these algorithms. The net energy cost for the end-user follows the same trend as for final energy and can result in cost savings up to 175 Euro year(-1) in Germany and Spain due to the use of the advanced control.

关键词： photovoltaics heat pump thermal storage electrical storage control algorithms forecast services self-consumption final energy

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Dynamics and control of a thermally self-sustaining energy storage system using integrated solid oxide cells for an islanded building

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2021年第49期46卷 24891-24908页

作者： Mottaghizadeh, Pegah Fardadi, Mahshid Jabbari, Faryar Brouwer, Jack Univ Calif Irvine Natl Fuel Cell Res Ctr Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Mech & Aerosp Engn Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Irvine Mech & Aerosp Engn Irvine CA 92697 USA

A solid oxide cell-based energy system is proposed for a solar-powered stand-alone building. The system is comprised of a 5 kW(el) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a 9.5 kW(el) solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), and the required balance of plant. The SOFC supplies: 1 building demand in the absence of sufficient solar power, 2-heat for SOEC in endothermic and standby modes. Thermal integration of SOFC and SOEC is implemented through a network of heat exchangers, combined with set of control algorithms. Two control strategies were implemented to actuate the SOFC in response to endothermic heat demands of SOEC by manipulating: 1-electric power, 2-fuel utilization. The results of dynamic simulation of system for two scenarios (sunny day and cloudy day) showed successful compliance of temperature constraints with both methods. Manipulation of fuel utilization, however, resulted in better system performance in terms of efficiency and H-2 balance. (C) 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic energy storage system Thermal management Hydrogen Electrolyzer Fuel cell control algorithms

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Semi-active continuous control of base-excited structures: An exploratory study

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STRUCTURAL control & HEALTH MONITORING 2010年第5期17卷 563-589页

作者： Renzi, Emanuele De Angelis, Maurizio Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Struct & Geotech Engn I-00186 Rome Italy Consiglio Super Lavori Pubbl STC Minist Infrastrutture & Trasporti Rome Italy

The semi-active (SA) control techniques appear a realistic way to adopt active control in structural engineering. This paper reports an exploratory study on SA continuous control, where the mechanical parameters of the devices may continuously assume any value between the given limits. First, a Lyapounov-based control strategy for SA continuous control is proposed and studied for base-excited structures. The obtained continuous control process is initially applied to a seismic-excited single-DOF structure with a variable stiffness device, in order to study the dynamics of the controlled system and the optimal configuration of the algorithm. Successively, the optimized control strategy is applied to single-DOF structures with more realistic SA elasto-plastic devices, and the performances of SA continuous control are compared with the ones of passive and SA ON-OFF control cases. Finally, the obtained results are verified and confirmed in the application to a 4-storey Multi-DOF-framed structure, equipped with continuously variable SA magnetorheological dampers. The study shows the applicability and the possible advantages of the proposed control case, also in comparison with passive and SA ON-OFF cases. Generally it may be stated that the best performances in terms of structural displacements may be obtained by using ON-OFF SA control. Differently, continuous SA control significantly reduces the absolute accelerations and the total forces transmitted to the structures. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： semi-active control continuous and ON-OFF control optimization base-excited structures structural vibrations control algorithms

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Hybrid AI/control system interactions and analysis

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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & THEORETICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2004年第4期16卷 189-208页

作者： Henshaw, CG Sanner, RM Honeywell Technol Solut Inc Las Cruces NM USA Univ Maryland Space Syst Lab College Pk MD 20742 USA

This paper discusses the nature of interactions between high-level intelligent agents and low-level control algorithms. control algorithms offer the promise of simplifying a system's dynamic behaviour as perceived by the controlling agent, thus considerably simplifying the agent's tasks of planning and execution. However, the coupled dynamics of such a hybrid system can be difficult to predict and may even lead to undesirable behaviour. This paper demonstrates that it is possible for a rational intelligent agent commanding a system with a well-designed control algorithm to cause catastrophic behaviours, and presents a framework for analysing the coupled dynamics of hybrid systems. A technique for alleviating these behaviours is suggested, using newly developed control algorithms applicable to a wide variety of autonomous systems of current interest. These controllers can also themselves be made adaptive, allowing for the possibility of 'distributed' or 'cooperative' learning and reasoning. As the control algorithm learns models of the physical system, this information can be passed back to the controlling agent, allowing it to alter its goals and strategies accordingly. A new architecture for hybrid systems encapsulating these ideas is then suggested.

关键词： control algorithms intelligent agents stability analysis pilot-induced oscillations

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A generic event control framework fbr modular flexible manufacturing systems

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COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 2000年第1期38卷 107-123页

作者： Park, JH Park, JW Kim, JW Georgia Inst Technol Sch Ind & Syst Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Seoul Natl Univ Dept Ind Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Seoul South Korea

A generic event control framework is presented for a class of modular flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). A modular FMS is characterized as a set of flexible workstations inter-connected by a material handling system consisting of a transporter and a stocker. Many of the existing FMS implementations in industry fall into this class. Furthermore, the modularity also allows the capability to effectively model a complex FMS by decomposing it into several modular FMSs. In order to achieve reconfigurability of control system for various FMS implementations and control policies, the proposed control framework is defined as a set of distributed resource controllers and a central system supervisor coordinating them. The resource controllers are further classified into workstation, transporter, and stocker controllers. As the controllers exchange a series of events according to pre-defined protocols, they are modelled as event handlers in which control actions are made based on the event occurrences. Specifically, for each controller, an event-based control structure specified in terms of generic logical and performance control functions, is presented. Since the proposed framework is defined by the use of the interacting distributed processes with the well-defined protocols and computationally efficient algorithms, it is expected that the framework is easily implementable for most industrial FMSs. Finally, the performance and reconfigurability is demonstrated by the distributed simulation from which we can also verify the correctness of the proposed algorithms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： flexible manufacturing system control algorithms event control

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Vibration control experiment of a slewing flexible beam

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JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND control-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 1995年第3期117卷 432-435页

作者： Liu, YC Yang, SM Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Taiwan

Two high-authority control/low-authority control algorithms are presented and experimentally validated on a fast slewing beam system. The first one termed the constrained motion method in two-stage (CMM-TS) accomplishes the rigid-body motion control and the optimal control of vibration suppression by a stepping motor. Another termed the constrained motion method in combination (CMM-CO) combines both the optimal control from stepping motor and active damping control from piezoelectric actuator for vibration suppression. Experimental results show that these algorithms are concise in formulation, efficient in hardware realization, and effective in vibration suppression.

关键词： Vibration control Vibration suppression Motion control Coordinate measuring machines Hardware control algorithms Active damping Stepper motors Optimal control algorithms Piezoelectric actuators

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